Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Latar belakang. Displasia bronkopulmonal (DBP) adalah penyakit multifaktorial kronis akibat inflamasi baik prenatal maupun postnatal. Hal ini akan menyebakan komplikasi jangka panjang dalam hal pernapasan, kardiovaskuler, dan neurodevelopmental. Azitromisin sebagai agen antiinflamasi diharapkan dapat mencegah kejadian DBP.Metode. Uji klinis acak terkontrol tidak tersamar dilakukan selama Juni 2021-April 2022 di unit Neonatologi RSCM Jakarta pada 114 subjek dengan usia gestasi 25 minggu-31 minggu 6 hari yang mengalami distress napas. Pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dilakukan randomisasi dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok uji/perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol, masing masing sebanyak 57 subjek. Kelompok uji akan mendapatkan azitromisin dalam usia <24 jam selama 14 hari dengan dosis 10 mg/kgbb/intravena selama 7 hari kemudian dilanjutkan 5 mg/kgbb/intravena selama 7 hari. Pasian akan dipantau sampai dengan usia gestasi 36 minggu untuk melihat outcome primer berupa DBP, dan outcome sekunder berupa IVH, PVL, EKN, lama penggunaan O2, durasi penggunaan ventilator mekanik, lama pencapaian full enteral feeding, serta mortalitas pada kedua kelompok. Diagnosis DBP ditegakkan berdasarkan NICHD 2019.Hasil. Angka kejadian DBP secara umum adalah 34.8%. Angka kejadian DBP pada bayi extremely preterm adalah 58.3%, sedangkan pada bayi very preterm adalah 31%. Kejadian DBP lebih banyak pada kelompok kontrol (63% vs 38%) dengan RR 0.611(0.417-0.896). Durasi penggunaan ventilator mekanik lebih pendek pada kelompok yang mendapatkan azitromisin (5.22 vs 12.75,p 0.025). Lamanya pencapaian full enteral feeding lebih pendek pada kelompok uji/perlakuan (13.38 vs 17.14 hari, p 0.04). Angka kejadian EKN lebih rendah pada kelompok uji/perlakuan (19% vs 40%, nilai p 0.014). Mortalitas lebih rendah pada kelompok uji/perlakuan (25% vs 46% , nilai p 0.019) RR 1.660 (95% CI 1.043-2.642). Kesimpulan. Azitromisin dapat menurunkan angka kejadian DBP, mempercepat pencapaian full enteral feeding, menurunkan mortalitas pada bayi prematur.

---

Background. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic multifactorial disease caused by inflammation both prenatal and postnatal. This will lead a long-term complications of respiratory, cardiovascular, and neurodevelopmental. Azithromycin as an antiinflammatory agent is expected to prevent BPD.

Methods. A randomized controlled clinical trial, unblinded was conducted during June 2021-April 2022 at the Neonatology unit of RSCM Jakarta on 114 subjects with a gestational age of 25 weeks-31 weeks 6 days who experienced respiratory distress. Patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were randomized and divided into two groups, the intervention group and the control group, each group with 57 subjects. The intervention group will receive azithromycin at the age of <24 hours for 14 days at a dose of 10 mg/kg/intravenous for 7 days then followed by 5 mg/kg/intravenous for 7 days. Patients will be monitored up to 36 weeks' gestation to see the primary outcome in the form of BPD, and secondary outcomes in the form of IVH, PVL, EKN, duration of O2 used, duration of mechanical ventilator used, duration of achieving full enteral feeding, and mortality in both groups. BPD diagnosed based on NICHD 2019.

Results. The incidence of BPD in general is 34.8%. The incidence of BPD in extremely preterm infants is 58.3%, while in very preterm infants it is 31%. The incidence of BPD was more in the control group (63% vs 38%) with an RR 0.611(0.417-0.896). The duration of ventilator mechanic used was shorter in the intervention group (5.22 vs 12.75, p 0.025). The duration of achieving full enteral feeding was shorter in the intervention group (13.38 vs 17.14 days, p 0.04). The incidence of NEC was lower in the intervention group (19% vs 40%, p-value 0.014). Mortality was lower in the intervention group (25% vs 46%, p 0.019) RR 1.660 (95% CI 1.043-2.642).

Conclusion. Azithromycin can reduce the incidence of BPD, accelerate the achievement of full enteral feeding, reduce mortality in premature infants"

"Displasia bronkopulmonal merupakan salah satu komplikasi dari kelahiran prematur. Faktor risiko DBP pada bayi sangat prematur yaitu kecil masa kehamilan, korioamnionitis, pajanan oksigen FiO2 > 30%, duktus arteriosus persisten hemodinamik signifikan, sepsis neonatorum awitan lambat, volutrauma, surfaktan tidak diberikan, kafein tidak diberikan, dan tidak mendapatkan ASI. Data prevalens DBP yang dipublikasi pada tahun 2015 yaitu 42,8% dan kesintasan bayi sangat prematur di RSCM pada tahun 2020 yaitu 54,17%. Oleh karena itu, studi prevalens dan mempelajari faktor risiko DBP pada bayi sangat prematur yang lahir di RSCM perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang dengan subyek bayi usia gestasi £32 minggu yang lahir di RSCM. Sebanyak 211 subyek memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian yaitu prevalens DBP 34,6% (DBP ringan 19%, DBP sedang 8,5%, dan DBP berat 7,1%). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan DBP yaitu SNAL (aOR 4,455 IK 95% 1,932-10,270; p= <0,001), pajanan volume tidal >5 mL/kg (aOR 3,059 IK 95% 1,491-6,273; p 0,002), asupan ASI predominan (aOR 0,348 IK 95% 0,150-0,808; p 0,014), dan asupan susu formula predominan (aOR 0,280 IK 95% 0,123-0,634; p 0,002). Kesimpulan: Bayi sangat prematur yang mengalami SNAL, pajanan volum tidal >5 mL/kg berisiko mengalami DBP. Namun, asupan asi predominan dan susu formula predominan menurunkan risiko DBP.

---

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is one of the complications of preterm birth. The risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very premature infants were small gestational age, chorioamnionitis, oxygen exposure to FiO2 > 30%, hemodynamically significant persistent ductus arteriosus, late-onset neonatal sepsis, volutrauma, no surfactant, no caffeine, and no breastfeeding. Published data of prevalence of DBP in 2015 is 42.8% and the survival data for very premature babies at the CMH in 2020 is 54.17%. Therefore, it is necessary to study the prevalence and study of risk factors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very preterm infants born in CMH. This study is a cross-sectional study with 32 weeks gestational age infants born at CMH. A total of 211 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the study were the prevalence of DBP 34.6% (mild DBP 19%, moderate DBP 8.5%, and severe DBP 7.1%). Multivariate analysis showed the risk factors associated with DBP were late onset neonatal sepsis (aOR 4,455 CI 95% 1,932-10,270; p= <0,001), tidal volume exposure >5 mL/kg (aOR 3,059 CI 95% 1,491-6,273; p 0,002), human milk predominant (aOR 0,348 CI 95% 0,150-0,808; p 0,014), and formula milk predominant (aOR 0,280 CI 95% 0,123-0,634; p 0,002). Conclusion: In a very premature infants who have SNAL, tidal volume exposure >5 mL/kg are at risk for DBP. However, the predominant human milk intake and predominant formula milk intake decreased the risk of DBP."

"Manuver rekrutmen paru (MRP) adalah strategi mencegah kerusakan paru saat bayi menggunakan ventilator mekanis (VM). Dengan meningkatkan tekanan akhir ekspirasi (TAE) secara bertahap, MRP membuka alveolus, menurunkan kebutuhan oksigen hirup (FiO2) sekaligus meningkatkan ambilan oksigen paru. Hingga kini, belum cukup bukti ilmiah terkait pengaruh MRP menggunakan VM terhadap luaran bayi prematur. Penelitian ini adalah uji klinis tidak tersamar, dilakukan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RSIA Bunda Menteng, bertujuan mencari hubungan MRP dengan kejadian DBP dan atau kematian, curah jantung, cedera alveolus-endotel, penurunan diameter duktus arteriosus (DA), dan mikrosirkulasi kulit. Penelitian berlangsung Maret 2021–April 2022. Subjek penelitian adalah bayi prematur 24–32 minggu yang menggunakan ventilator mekanis saat usia < 48 jam. Protein surfaktan-D (SP-D) diukur menggunakan metode ELISA, mikropartikel endotel (CD-31+/CD-42–) menggunakan flowsitometri, curah jantung dan diameter DA menggunakan ekokardiografi, TcCO2–PaCO2, TcO2/PaO2 menggunakan monitor gas darah transkutan dan gas darah arteri, strong ion difference (SID) menggunakan elektrolit darah arteri. Pada usia koreksi 36 minggu, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna kejadian DBP atau kematian antara kelompok MRP dan tanpa MRP 38 (69,09%) vs. 43 (78,18%), p = 0,216. Pada 72 jam pasca-penggunaan VM, tidak didapati perbedaan kadar SP-D, CD 31+, Diameter DA, curah jantung, TcCO2 gap dan SID antara kelompok MRP dan tanpa MRP . Terdapat perbedaan bermakna TcO2 indeks 1,00 (1,00; 1,02) vs. 1,00 (0,99; 1,00), p = 0,009* antara kelompok MRP dibanding tanpa MRP. Pada bayi penyintas, MRP mempercepat waktu untuk mencapai FiO2 ter-rendah 60,0 (54,00; 75,00) vs. 435,00 (375,00; 495,00) menit, p < 0,0001 dan lama penggunaan alat bantu napas 25,0 (19,00; 37,00) vs. 36,83 (SB 19,11) hari, p = 0,044.Simpulan, MRP bayi prematur tidak terbukti mengurangi kejadian DBP dan atau kematian pada usia 36 minggu. Tidak ada perbedaan cedera alveolar-endotel, curah jantung kiri-kanan, dan diameter DA pada usia 72 jam. Tindakan MRP meningkatkan mikrosirkulasi. Pada kelompok penyintas, MRP mempersingkat waktu mencapai FiO2 terendah dan penggunaan alat bantu napas.

---

Lung recruitment maneuver (LRM) is a strategy during mechanical ventilation which aim to open collapsed alveolus in order to increased oxygenation. This maneuver could be done by application of a stepwise increments of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) until lowest FiO2 (< 30%) is achieved. There is still lack of evidence regarding relationship between LRM and neonatal outcome. This study aimed to evaluate effectivity of LRM in order to reduce chronic lung disease and it’s influence to neonatal hemodynamic as well. This was unblinded randomized clinical trial which aimed to investigate relationship between LRM and neonatal death, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), cardiac output, reduction of ductus arteriosus (DA) diameter, skin microcirculations and alveolar-endotel injury. The study was conducted on March 2021 until April 2022 in Cipto Mangunkusumo and Bunda Menteng Hospital. Plasma surfactant protein-D (SP-D) was measured with ELISA, Microparticel endotel (CD-31+) with flowcytometri, left and right cardiac output (LVO and RVO) and DA diameter were measured by echocardiography, TcCO2–PaCO2, tcO2/PaO2 were measured form arterial blood gas and transcutaneous monitor and strong ion difference (SID) from plasma electrolyte. At 36 weeks follow up, there ware no significant difference of incident of DBP and/or death between MRP vs. without MRP groups 38 (69.09%) vs. 43 (78.18%), p = 0.216 (CI 95% 0.141–0.295). There were no difference between MRP and without MRP group at 72 hours, regarding : plasma SP-D, microparticle endotel, cardiac output, DA diameter, tcCO2 gap and SID. At. 72 hours, tcO2 index was better in MRP compared to control group 1.00 (1.00; 1.02) vs. 1.00 (0.99; 1.00), p = 0.009. There were no significant difference regarding other neonatal morbidity between the two group. Among survival subject, LRM reduced time to achieved lowest FiO2 60.00 (54.00; 75.00) vs. 435.00 (375.00; 495.00) hours, p < 0.0001 and length of respiratoy support 25.0 (19.00; 37.00) vs. 36.83 (SD 19.11) days, p=0.044.

Conclusion When applied to 24–32 weeks preterm baby with invasive mechanical ventilation, LRM could not reduced DBP or death at 36 weeks of age. There was no any difference at 72 hours regarding alveolar and endothelial injury, left and right cardiac output and diameter DA. LRM was associated with better microcirculation. Among the survivor, LRM reduced high oxygen concentration exposure time and length of respiratory support."

"Latar belakang. Prematuritas adalah salah satu kondisi yang menyebabkan gagalnya pemberian air susu ibu (ASI). Program peningkatan kualitas (quality improvement) seperti bundles care intervensi berbasis bukti telah terbukti dapat memberikan luaran yang lebih baik dan meningkatkan kesempatan pemberian ASI pada bayi prematur.Metode. Penelitian quasy experimental yang dilakukan di Unit Neonatal RSCM pada 51 subyek maternal dan bayi dengan usia gestasi <32 minggu selama periode Maret-Juni 2024. Intervensi bundles care dilakukan dengan menggunakan daftar tilik pemberian ASI prematur yang dikembangkan. Intervensi dilakukan sejak 24 jam pertama pasca-persalinan. Luaran intervensi dinilai dari rerata angka cakupan ASI prematur di Unit Neonatal RSCM sesudah intervensi dibandingkan dengan sebelum intervensi.Hasil penelitian. Cakupan pemberian ASI selama periode intervensi pada bayi <32 minggu yang lahir di RSCM di bulan April meningkat menjadi 74,69% dan 74,94% di bulan Mei dibandingkan dengan bulan Februari (40,55%) dan Maret (37,42%), p = 0,009. Rerata volume ASI dalam satu minggu pertama adalah 213,34 ± 61,13 ml, dengan waktu mencapai full feeding adalah 8 (5-32) hari pada bayi very preterm dan 11,5 (8-21) hari pada bayi extreme preterm. Faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan ASI adalah inisiasi perah dini dalam 24 jam pertama pasca-persalinan.Kesimpulan. Penerapan bundles care ASI melalui penggunaan daftar tilik pemberian ASI prematur dapat meningkatkan cakupan pemberian ASI bayi prematur di Unit Neonatal RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pertama yang mengajukan penggunaan daftar tilik terstandard dalam bundles care pemberian ASI pada bayi prematur.

---

Background. Prematurity is one of adverse conditions that causes failure to provide breast milk (BM). Quality improvement (QI) programs such as evidence-based intervention care bundles have been proven to provide better outcomes and increase opportunities for having mother’s breastmilk in premature babies.

Method. Quasy-experimental study that was conducted at the Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Neonatology Unit to 51 maternal and babies with gestational age below 32 weeks. We developed a breastmilk checklist for premature baby and care bundles intervention was implemented using that checklist since the first 24 hours after delivery. The rate of breast milk in Neonatology Unit after intervention was compared with the rate before intervention.

Result. Breastmilk rate during the intervention period for babies <32 weeks born at hospital increased to 74.69% and 74.94% respectively in April and May, compared with February (40.55%) and March (37.42%), p = 0.009. The average volume of breast milk in the first week was 213.34 ± 61.13 ml, with the time to reach full feeding being 8 (5-32) days in very preterm babies and 11.5 (8-21) days in extreme preterm babies.

Conclusion. The implementation of breast milk care bundles by using a breastmilk checklist for premature baby can increase the rate of breastmilk for premature babies in the Neonatal Unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. This is the first study to propose the use of a standardized checklist in breastfeeding care bundle for premature babies."

"Latar belakang. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) dan nasal intermittent positive ventilation (NIPPV) mengurangi intubasi dan ventilasi mekanik pada neonatus dengan gawat napas. Masih sedikit penelitian yang membandingkannya pada neonatus cukup bulan maupun kurang bulan. Tujuan. Mengetahui kejadian intubasi, lama dukungan ventilasi non invasif dan pemakaian oksigen, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), dan kematian antara CPAP dan NIPPV pada neonatus dengan gawat napas. Metode. Studi kohort retrospektif dilakukan terhadap neonatus dengan gawat napas, usia gestasi 28-40 minggu, lahir di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kota Bekasi pada periode Januari 2013 - Juni 2015. Pengambilan subyek penelitian secara konsekutif, memenuhi kriteria inklusi, dan menggunakan bantuan napas dengan CPAP atau NIPPV, masing-masing 50 subjek. Hasil. Neonatus dengan gawat napas menggunakan CPAP maupun NIPPV disebabkan karena respiratory distress syndrome , transient tachypnea of the newborn, pneumonia neonatal. Rerata usia gestasi dan berat lahir pada kelompok CPAP (34±3,11 minggu, 2018±659 gr) dan NIPPV [34 (28-40) minggu, 2050 (900-3900) gr]. Kejadian intubasi dan kematian berkurang, rerata hari dukungan ventilasi non infasif maupun pemakaian oksigen lebih lama pada NIPPV dibandingkan CPAP. Simpulan. NIPPV mengurangi kejadian intubasi dan kematian pada neonatus dengan gawat napas dibandingkan CPAP.

---

Background. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and nasal intermittent positive ventilation (NIPPV) reduce intubation and mechanical ventilation. Still limited studies compare to CPAP and NIPPV in term and preterm infant with respiratory distress.

Purpose. To determine CPAP and NIPPV to the event of intubation, duration non-invasive ventilation and oxygen support, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and death in neonate.

Methods. Retrospective cohort study was conducted to newborn with gestational age 28-40 weeks were born at General Hospital of Bekasi City, January 2013 - June 2015. Consecutive subjects and met inclusion criteria for CPAP and NIPPV group, each one 50 subjects.

Results. CPAP and NIPPV were support to neonate with respiratory distress due to respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, and pneumonia. Mean gestational age and birth weight in CPAP group (34 ± 3.11 weeks, 2018 ± 659 gr) and NIPPV [34 (28-40) weeks, 2050 (900-3900) g]. Raduce rate of intubation and death, duration of non-invasive ventilation and oxygen support longer to NIPPV than CPAP in neonate.

Conclusion. NIPPV reduce intubation and mortality rate comparison to CPAP in neonate"

"Latar belakang: Pada tahun 2016, Divisi Perinatologi RS dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo(RSCM) menerapkan panduan asuhan nutrisi terbaru untuk mencegah weight faltering,yang sangat rentan dialami bayi sangat prematur (<32 minggu) atau berat lahir sangatrendah (<1.500 gram). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi luaran panduan tersebut.Metode: Penelitian kohort prospektif dilakukan di RSCM sejak Juli 2018 hingga Juni2019. Subyek merupakan bayi lahir hidup dengan usia gestasi <32 minggu atau berat lahir<1.500 gram. Bayi dengan kelainan metabolisme bawaan, kelainan genetik, ataumalformasi kongenital mayor dieksklusi. Data antropometrik mingguan dan komplikasi(enterokolitis nekrotikans, hipertrigliseridemia, kolestasis, dan sindrom refeeding) dicatatsecara berkala. Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) adalah berat badan saat pulangkurang dari persentil 10 kurva Fenton 2013 pada kelompok bayi yang lahir sesuai masakehamilan.Hasil: Sebanyak 111 subyek lahir dengan kesintasan hingga pulang sebesar 42,3% danmedian lama rawat 37 (8-89) hari. Median usia mulai diberi nutrisi enteral, mencapai fullenteral feeding, dan durasi nutrisi parenteral adalah 2, 9, dan 6 hari. Insidens EUGRadalah 32%. Rerata kenaikan berat badan pada bayi yang pulang adalah 15 (SB 5,4)g/kg/hari, dan pada bayi kecil masa kehamilan adalah 17 (SB 5,5) g/kg/hari. Insidenshipofosfatemia, enterokolitis nekrotikans, hipertrigliseridemia, hipokalemia, kolestasis,dan hipomagnesemia pada minggu pertama adalah 61,7%; 14,4%; 13,9%; 11,9%; 9,3%;dan 8,2%.Kesimpulan: Bayi sangat prematur dan berat lahir sangat rendah memiliki tingkatmortalitas yang tinggi, terutama pada kelompok ekstrem prematur dan ekstrem rendah.Panduan asuhan nutrisi terbaru dapat mencapai target kenaikan berat badan, dengankomplikasi terbanyak adalah hipofosfatemia.

---

Background and aim: In 2016, a nutritional care guideline was implemented in Cipto

Mangunkusumo Hospital to prevent weight faltering, which was prevalent in very preterm

(< 32 weeks) or very low birth weight/VLBW (<1,500 grams) infants. The objective of

this study was to evaluate its outcome.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in a national referral hospital

since July 2018 until June 2019. Subjects were live-born infants with gestational age <32

weeks or birth weight <1,500 grams. Infants with inborn errors of metabolism, genetic

abnormalities, and major congenital malformation were excluded. Weekly

anthropometric data and complications (necrotizing enterocolitis, hypertriglyceridemia,

cholestasis, and refeeding syndrome) were recorded. Extrauterine growth restriction

(EUGR) was defined as weight at discharge less than 10th percentile of Fenton 2013

chart.

Results: Among 111 subjects, the survival rate at discharge was 42.3% and median length

of stay was 37 (8-89) days. Median time to start enteral feeding, reach full enteral feeding,

and duration of total parenteral nutrition were 2, 9, and 6 days, respectively. EUGR

incidence at discharge was 32.1%. Mean weight gain among survivors and those who

were small-for-gestational-age were 15 (SD 5.4) and 17 (SD 5.5) g/kg/day, respectively.

The incidence of hypophosphatemia, necrotizing enterocolitis, hypertriglyceridemia,

hypokalemia, cholestasis, and hypomagnesemia were 61.7%, 14.4%, 13.9%, 11.9%,

9.3%, and 8.2%, respectively.

Conclusions: Very preterm and/or VLBW infants had high mortality rate, especially in

extremely preterm and/or extremely-low-birth-weight subgroup. The latest nutritional

care guideline reached the target weight gain. The most common complication was

hypophosphatemia."

"Latar Belakang: Bayi sangat prematur rentan terjadi retriksi pertumbuhan ekstrauterin yang berakibat gangguan neurodevelopmental. Hal ini dapat dicegah denganpemberian nutrisi parenteral agresif dini dan nutrisi enteral sesuai protokol nutrisibayi prematur. Tujuan pemberian nutrisi parenteral agresif dini adalah mencegahterjadinya katabolisme dan menjamin pertumbuhan yang sama dengan intrauteri.Pengukuran kecepatan pertumbuhan adalah salah satu metode pengukuranpertumbuhan untuk menilai status nutrisi pada bayi prematur. Nilai kecepatanpertumbuhan diukur pada usia 28 hari dikarenakan pada saat ini telah terjadipertumbuhan pesat setelah bayi kembali ke berat lahir.Tujuan: Mengetahui nilai kecepatan pertumbuhan usia 28 hari bayi sangat prematurdan atau bayi berat lahir sangat rendah serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinyasetelah mendapatkan protokol standar nutrisi bayi prematur yang berlaku di RSCM.Metode: Studi kohort prospektif dengan metode konsekutif sampling pada bayisangat prematur dan atau bayi berat lahir sangat rendah yang lahir di RSCM padabulan Februari sampai dengan November 2020.Hasil: Didapatkan 64 subjek penelitian yang diamati. Terdapat 33/64 (51,6%) subjekdengan transfusi berulang, 22/64 (34,4%) asidosis metabolik memanjang , 5/64(7,8%) EKN derajat II, 12/64 (18,8%) DAP Hs, 37/64 (57,8%) penyakit membranhialin derajat IV, 37/64 (57,8%) intoleransi minum, 55/64 (85,9%) SMK dan 9/64(14,1%) KMK. Rerata kecepatan pertumbuhan adalah 17,98 gram/kgBB/hari, SMK18,22 gram/kgBB/hari dan KMK 16,50 gram/kgBB/hari. Faktor yang palingmemengaruhi adalah asidosis metabolik memanjang dengan nilai p 0,01.Kesimpulan : Kecepatan pertumbuhan usia 28 hari bayi sangat prematur dan ataubayi berat lahir sangat rendah setelah mendapat protokol standar nutrisi bayiprematur RSCM adalah 17,98 gr/kgBB/hari. Asidosis metabolik memanjangmemengaruhi kecepatan pertumbuhan.

---

Background: Very preterm infants are susceptible to extrauterine growth restriction

resulting in neurodevelopmental disorders. This can be prevented by providing early

aggressive parenteral and enteral nutrition, aiming to prevent catabolism and ensure

similar intrauterine growth. Growth velocity is a growth measurement method for

assessing nutritional status in preterm infants, which is measured at 28 days of age

since it is the moment of rapid growth after the baby has returned to birth weight.

Aims : To determine the growth velocity at 28 days of age for very preterm and/or

very low birth weight infants and assess affecting factors in applying the standard

protocol of preterm infant nutrition in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH).

Methods: Prospective cohort study with consecutive sampling method on very

preterm and/or very low birth weight infants born in CMH since February to

November 2020.

Results: Among 64 subjects, the number of appropriate- and small-for-gestationalage

(AGA and SGA) were 55 (85.9%) and 9 (14.1%), respectively. The associated

conditions were as following; sepsis with repeated transfusions (33/64, 51.6%),

prolonged metabolic acidosis (22/64, 34.4%), grade II necrotizing enterocolitis (5/64,

7.8%), hemodynamically-significant patent ductus arteriosus (12/64, 18.8%), grade

IV hyaline membrane disease (37/64, 57.8%), and feeding intolerance (37/64,

57.8%). The mean growth velocity was 17.98 g/kg/day, specifically 18.22 g/kg/day

in AGA and 16.50 g/kg/day in SGA infants, respectively. The most influencing factor

in applying nutritional protocol was prolonged metabolic acidosis (p value = 0.01).

Conclusion: The growth velocity at 28 days of very preterm and/or very low birth

weight infants after receiving standard nutritional protocol for preterm infants in

CMH was 17.98 g/kg/day. Prolonged metabolic acidosis has significant influence on

growth velocity."

"Pendahuluan: Prediksi persalinan preterm penting untuk menunda terjadinya kelahiran preterm dan merujuk ke fasilitas dengan perawatan neonatal intensif. Hal ini penting guna menurunkan mortalitas dan morbiditas neonatal. Beberapa metode untuk memprediksi persalinan preterm adalah menggunakan prediksi klinis yaitu indeks persalinan preterm atau prediksi biofisik dengan mengukur panjang servik. Tujuan: Membandingkan nilai risiko indeks persalinan preterm dan panjang servik terhadap kejadian kelahiran preterm pada kasus persalinan preterm tanpa ketuban pecah. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah case- control menggunakan data dari rekam medis, dilakukan di RS Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo sejak Agustus 2013 ? Februari 2014. Semua pasien persalinan preterm tanpa ketuban pecah pada periode tersebut ditelusuri. Dilakukan pengamatan data demografik dan klinis, setelah itu dilakukan penilaian indeks persalinan preterm dan panjang servik. Kemudian selanjutnya pasien ditentukan apakah mengalami kelahiran preterm atau tidak. Hasil: Dari bulan Agustus 2013 - Februari 2014 terdapat 127 kasus persalinan preterm tanpa ketuban pecah, tetapi hanya 57 subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Karakteristik demografik dan klinis pada kelompok indeks persalinan preterm dan panjang servik tidak berbeda bermakna saat dibandingkan. Duapuluh dari 57 subjek mengalami kelahiran preterm (35.1%). Dari hasil analisis bivariat, variabel yang bermakna mempengaruhi kejadian kelahiran pretem adalah indeks persalinan preterm dan panjang servik. Pasien dengan indeks persalinan preterm ≥ 4 memiliki kemungkinan 4 kali lipat (OR = 4,024) untuk mengalami kelahiran preterm. Sementara itu, pasien dengan panjang serviks ≤ 25 mm memiliki kemungkinan hingga 38 kali lipat (OR = 38,00) untuk mengalami kelahiran preterm. Kesimpulan: Indeks persalinan preterm dan panjang servik merupakan variabel yang baik untuk menilai risiko terjadinya kelahiran preterm pada persalinan preterm tanpa ketuban pecah.

---

Introduction: Prediction of preterm labor is important to delay the incident of preterm birth and refers to the facility with a neonatal intensive care. It is important to reduce neonatal mortality and morbidity. Several methods for predicting preterm labor are using clinical prediction : preterm labor index or biophysical prediction with measurement cervical length.

Objectives: comparing risk value of preterm labor index to cervical length on preterm birth incident in preterm labor without rupture of membrane cases.

Methods: the research was a case control study using data from medical records in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital since August 2013 ? February 2014. All preterm labor without rupture of membrane cases were traced. Demographic and clinical data were observed. After that preterm labor index and cervical length were assessed. Then patients were determined whether they had experienced preterm birth or not.

Results: From August 2013 - February 2014 there were 127 cases of preterm labor without rupture of membrane, but only 57 research subjects who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the index group of preterm labor and cervical length did not differ significantly when compared. Twenty from 57 subjects were experience preterm birth (35.1%). From the results of the bivariate analysis, the variables that significantly affect the incidence of preterm birth are preterm labor index and cervical length Patients with preterm labor index ≥ 4 has a possibility of 4-fold (OR = 4.024) to experience preterm birth. Meanwhile, patients with a cervical length ≤ 25 mm have the possibility of up to 38-fold (OR = 38.00) to experience preterm birth.

Conclusions: Preterm labor index and cervical length is a good variable for assessing the risk of preterm birth in preterm labor without rupture of membrane cases."

"Latar belakang: Menurut data WHO, sebanyak 15 juta bayi di dunia dilahirkan kurang bulan setiap tahunnya, dan Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-5 di dunia. Salah satu komplikasi pada bayi kurang bulan yang sering terjadi adalah sepsis. Sepsis Neonatorum Awitan Dini (SNAD) merupakan infeksi sistemik pada bayi pada usia kurang dari 72 jam yang seringkali disebabkan oleh transmisi patogen secara vertikal sebelum atau saat proses kelahiran. Strategi utama dalam penanggulangan kejadian SNAD bergantung pada identifikasi faktor risiko, termasuk ketuban pecah berkepanjangan. Namun, sampai saat ini masih belum ada kesepakatan terkait ambang batas waktu ketuban pecah yang meningkatkan risiko kejadian SNAD secara signifikan pada populasi bayi kurang bulan. Tujuan: (1) Mengetahui sebaran subjek penelitian berdasarkan karakteristik jenis kelamin, usia gestasi, usia ibu, berat lahir dan metode persalinan. (2) Mengetahui sebaran subjek penelitian berdasaran gejala klinis dan hasil pemeriksaan kultur. (3) Mengetahui hubungan antara waktu ketuban pecah dengan kejadian SNAD pada ambang batas waktu 24 jam, 18 jam dan 12 jam di RSCM. Metode penelitian: Sebuah studi kasus-kontrol dilakukan pada populasi bayi kurang bulan yang lahir di RSCM dari tahun 2016-2017. Subjek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok: (1) kelompok kasus yang mengalami SNAD; dan (2) kelompok kontrol yang tidak mengalami SNAD; dipilih secara simple random sampling. Jumlah total subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 154 bayi kurang bulan (77 kasus dan 77 kontrol). Pengambilan data dilakukan pada Januari-Agustus 2018 dengan melihat rekam medis subjek penelitian, dilanjutkan dengan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Squared dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian: Semua karakteristik tidak memiliki perbedaan yang bermakna, kecuali usia gestasi (p=0,012) dan berat lahir (p=0,02). Gejala klinis yang paling sering ditemukan dan memiliki hubungan yang bermakna adalah sesak napas (63,0%; p<0,001) dan instabilitas suhu (40,9%; p<0,001). Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara waktu ketuban pecah dengan kejadian SNAD pada bayi kurang bulan di RSCM pada ambang batas waktu 12 jam, 18 jam dan 24 jam. Ketuban pecah lebih dari 12, 18 dan 24 jam meningkatkan risiko SNAD pada bayi kurang bulan 2,3 kali lipat, dan ketuban pecah lebih dari  12 jam meningkatkan risiko 2,9 kali lipat setelah adjustment.

---

Introduction: According to WHO, 15 million babies are born premature annually, and  Indonesia ranks 5th worldwide. One of the most frequent complications in preterm infants is sepsis. Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is defined as the systemic infection in infants less than 72 hours old which is often caused by vertical transmission of pathogens before or during labour. With the current lack of consensus in the definition of neonatal sepsis, identification risk factors, including prolonged premature preterm rupture of membranes (ROM), becomes the main strategy. Unfortunately, there is also currently lack of worldwide agreement in the threshold of duration of ROM which significantly increases the risk of EONS in preterm infants.

Objectives: (1) To determine the distribution of subjects based on selected characteristics: gender, gestational age, maternal age, birth weight and mode of delivery. (2) To determine the distribution of subjects based on clinical symptoms and bacterial culture examination. (3) To determine the association between the duration of ROM and the incidence of EONS in preterm infants, at the thresholds of 24 hours, 18 hours and 12 hours, in RSCM.

Methods: A case-control study was done on preterm infants born in RSCM in 2016-2017. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: (1) the case group for preterm infants who had EONS; and (2) the control group for preterm infants who did not have EONS; each selected by simple random sampling. The total number of subjects in the study was 154 preterm infants (77 in the case group and 77 in the control group). Data collection from the medical records of the subjects was performed in January-August 2018, followed by bivariate analysis using Chi Square Test and  multivariate analysis using logistic regression.

Result: Characteristics had insignificant differences, except gestational age (p=0,012) and birth weight (p=0,02). The clinical symptoms which were most frequent and had significant associations with EONS were respiratory instability (63,0%, p<0,001) and temperature instability (40,9%, p<0,001).

Conclusion. There is a significant association between the duration of ROM at 12, 18 and 24 hours, and the incidence of EONS in preterm infants, especially at duration of more than 12 hours. Prolonged PPROM for 12, 18, and 24 hours increases the risk of EONS in preterm infants 2.3 times (unadjusted) and PPROM for 12 hours increases the risk of EONS in preterm infants 2.9 times after adjustment for other factors."

"Latar belakang : Jumlah kelahiran hidup bayi prematur di RSCM adalah 507 dan 112 diantaranya lahir pada usia gestasi 28-32 minggu atau disebut bayi baru lahir sangat prematur (BBLSP). Data RSCM menunjukkan bahwa BBLSP memiliki angka kesintasan 58,9%. Pemberian nutrisi yang agresif dengan diet tinggi protein pada BBLSP diperlukan untuk mempercepat kejar tumbuh. Diet tinggi protein memberikan beban metabolisme pada ginjal BBLSP yang sedang berkembang. Ginjal BBLSP memiliki jumlah nefron fungsional yang lebih sedikit dan imaturitas yang ditandai dengan rendahnya laju filtrasi glomerulus serta kemampuan pemekatan urin yang rendah. Diet tinggi protein menginduksi hipertrofi ginjal, proteinuria, dan sklerosis glomerular melalui single nephron glomerular hyperfiltration (SNGHF) sehingga menyebabkan cedera glomerulotubular yang dapat dideteksi dengan biomarka Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin urin (uNGAL). Tujuan : Mengetahui pengaruh asupan protein terhadap cedera glomerulotubular pada BBLSP. Metode : Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pada BBLSP yang dilakukan dengan desain kohort prospektif yang dilakukan di ruang rawat perinatologi Departemen Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RS Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Bunda Menteng pada periode 1 Juni 2019 hingga Mei 2020. Pengambilan sampel urin dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali yaitu usia 0-48 jam (T1), 72 jam (T2), dan usia 21 hari (T3). Dilakukan pemeriksaan rasio NGAL dan kreatinin urin (uNGAL/Cr). Cedera glomerulotubular didefinisikan sebagai uNGAL/Cr  1 SB. Data karakteristik subyek dan asupan protein diambil dari rekam medik. Rerata asupan protein enteral dicatat sejak usia 14-21 hari sesuai asupan di rekam medik. Kadar protein di ASI diukur dengan human milk analyzer. Asupan tinggi protein adalah kadar asupan protein 3 g/kg/hari. Hasil : Total subyek penelitian adalah 59 BBLSP pada saat rekruitmen dan terdapat 39 subyek menyelesaikan penelitian hingga usia 21 hari. Proporsi BBLSP yang mengalami cedera glomerulotubular pada pemberian kadar asupan tinggi protein 5/29 subyek, sedangkan pada pemberian kadar asupan rendah protein adalah 4/10 subyek. Kadar uNGAL/Cr pada BBLSP yang mendapatkan kadar asupan tinggi protein dibandingkan rendah protein adalah 3,54 (0,69-89,16) ng/mg dan 6,88 (0,32-66,64) ng/mg. Kadar uNGAL/Cr pada usia 48 jam, 72 jam, dan 21 hari tidak menunjukkan korelasi yang bermakna dengan kadar asupan protein (p=0,80; 0,58; 0,07).Simpulan : Sebanyak 5/29 subyek yang mendapatkan kadar asupan tinggi protein mengalami cedera glomerulotubular. Kadar uNGAL/Cr pada BBLSP yang mendapat asupan tinggi protein maupun rendah protein cenderung meningkat pada usia 72 jam dan menurun pada usia 21 hari. Pemberian asupan tinggi protein pada BBLSP tidak menyebabkan cedera glomerulotubular pada bayi sangat prematur.

---

Background: Absolute preterm birth rate in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (CMH) was 507 in 2018, 112 amongst were born very preterm (28-32 weeks of gestational age). The survival rate was approximately 58.9%. Early aggressive nutrition by administration of high protein intake is needed for catch up growth. High protein produces high metabolic load to the kidney. Kidney in the very preterm neonates have fewer amount of functional nephron. Furthermore, the immaturity of the kidney was shown in lower glomerular filtration rate and ability to dilute urine. High protein intake induces nephron hypertrophy,

proteinuria, and glomerular sclerosis through single nephron glomerular hyperfiltration (SNGHF) which lead to glomerulotubular injury. Urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin to creatinine ratio (uNGAL/Cr) is a biomarker used to detect glomerulotubular injury.

Aim : To analyze the correlation of high protein intake and glomerulotubular injury in very preterm neonates.

Method: A prospective cohort study was conducted in very preterm infants admitted to neonatology ward of CMH and Bunda Hospital Menteng during 1 June 2019 to May 2020. Urine sample were taken in 3 points of time: age 0-48 hours, 72 hours, and 21 days postnatal. Urine NGAL and creatinine (uNGAL/Cr) were examined. Glomerulotubular injury was defined as uNGAL/Cr level 1 SD. Subject characteristic data and protein intake were obtained from medical record. Enteral protein intake was recorded daily from medical record since age 14-21 days postnatal. Protein level in the breastmilk was measured by using human milk analyzer. High protein intake is recorded if the average intake was  3/kg/day.

Results: This study recruited 59 very preterm neonates and 39 of them survived until the end of the study. Proportion of very preterm neonates who had glomerulotubular injury after high protein intake vs low protein intake was 5/29 vs 4/10 subjects. Median of uNGAL/Cr level in high protein intake group compare to low protein intake group were 3,54 (0,69-89,16) ng/mg and 6,88 (0,32-66,64) ng/mg. Protein intake is not correlated to uNGAL/Cr level at 0-48 hours, 72 hours, and 21 days postnatal age (p=0,80; 0,58; 0,07).

Conclusion: There were 5/29 subjects experienced glomerulotubular injury in high protein intake administration. In very preterm neonates, uNGAL/Cr level was increased at the age of 72 hours and decreased in 21 days on both high and low protein intake group. High protein intake had no correlation to glomerulotubular injury in the very preterm neonates. "