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"Latar Belakang: Penggunaan adhesif universal sebagai sementasi pasak fiber dalam restorasi pasca endodontik populer digunakan karena sifatnya yang serbaguna sehingga dapat diaplikasikan dengan metode total-etch maupun self-etch. Namun, penelitian mengenai perbedaan push-out bond strength (PBS) antara kedua metode tersebut masih terbatas. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan PBS dan failure mode antara metode total-etch dan self-etch sistem adhesif universal pada sementasi pasak fiber. Metode: Tiga puluh gigi premolar rahang bawah yang baru diekstraksi disimpan di dalam air terdeionisasi yang kemudian dilakukan pemotongan mahkota sebelum dilakukan perawatan saluran akar dan preparasi ruang pasak. Pasak kemudian disementasi dengan semen resin dualcure self-adhesive dan bahan adhesif Prime&Bond Universal (PBU). Uji PBS dilakukan untuk mengukur kekuatan ikat geser masing-masing kelompok uji. Kegagalan ikatan kemudian diobservasi menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Hasil: Kelompok self-etch memiliki kekuatan ikat yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok lainnya dengan perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0.05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan kegagalan adhesif yang signifikan di antara kelompok. Kesimpulan: Metode self-etch memiliki kekuatan ikat paling baik dibandingkan dengan kelompok uji lainnya, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan failure mode pada setiap kelompok.

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Background: Universal adhesives for fiber post cementation in endodontically treated teeth have become popular in clinical dentistry as they can be applied in either total-etch or self-etch mode, due to their reduced number of application steps and versatility. However, studies regarding comparison between the two modes are limited and insufficient. Aim/Objective: The aim of the study is to analyze and compare the pushout bond strength and failure mode of the multimode universal adhesive system. Materials and Methods: Thirty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were decoronated prior to a root canal treatment (RCT) and prepared for post placement and bonded using Prime&Bond Universal (PBU). Post was then cemented using dual-cure self-adhesive resin cement. The push-out bond strength (PBS) test was performed to measure the shear bond strength using a universal testing machine (UTM). Failure mode was then observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results: One-way ANOVA followed by a post-hoc Bonferroni and Independent T-Test indicated that there is significant difference (p<0.05) between the bond strength of the total- and self-etch mode of the universal adhesive system. However, no differences in failure mode are observed between groups. Conclusion: Self-etch mode is more preferable due to its higher bond strength dominated with cohesive failure indicating its success in bonding with the root canal

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"Aplikasi sistem self adhesive pada sementasi pasak fiber sangat mudah dan penggunaanya meningkat pesat, tetapi penelitian mengenai kemampuan adhesinya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis kemampuan adhesi sistem adhesif self etch dan self adhesive pada sementasi pasak fiber apakah sama besar atau tidak dengan total etch. Penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dilakukan menggunakan 27 gigi premolar satu mandibula yang telah disetujui oleh komisi etik, dibagi secara acak menjadi 3 kelompok. Pasak fiber disementasi dengan 3 sistem adhesif berbeda. Pada setiap gigi dilakukan pemotongan setebal 5 mm dari bagian servikal ke arah medial akar gigi, seluruh spesimen disimpan selama 24 jam dalam larutan salin pada suhu kamar, lalu dilakukan push out test menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (Shimidzu AG-5000E) dengan kecepatan 0,5 mm/menit. Hasil analisis univariat dan bivariat Anova satu arah menunjukkan kemampuan adhesi sistem total etch dan self etch sama besar (p<0.05), sedangkan sistem self adhesive memiliki kemampuan adhesi yang paling rendah (p>0.05). Aplikasi yang lebih mudah pada sistem self etch mampu memberikan kemampuan adhesi yang sama dengan sistem total etch.

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Application of self adhesive system on fiber post cementation is very simple and their use increase rapidly, however study in the adhesion capability is limited and insufficient. The aim of this study was to analyze whether self etch and self adhesive system are comparable to total etch system.

The experimental laboratory study was performed using 27 mandibular premolar teeth approved by ethics committee, randomly divided into 3 groups, fibre post were cemented in 3 different adhesive system. Specimen were prepared 5 mm in thickness from cervical to medial of the root, stored for 24 hours in saline solution at room temperature, push out test was performed using Universal Testing Machine (Shimidzu AG-5000E) with crosshead speed at 0.5 mm/min.

The results of univariat and one way Anova bivariat test showed that total etch and self etch system have a comparable adhesion capability (p<0.05), and self adhesive system has the lowest adhesion capability (p>0.05). With easier application, self etch system has a comparable adhesion capability to total etch system. Key Word: adhesion capability, fiber post, push out test, total etch, self etch, self adhesive."

"Microleakage still occurs between cavity wall and resin composite restoration, although bonding agent such as Total-etch (TE) and Selfetch (SE) systems had been used. One of the causes of microleakage was associated to improper polymerization affected by curing distance.1.2 The objective of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of resin composite restoration using TE and SE adhesive systems that were polymerized at various curing distances. A total of 120 human molars were prepared for class V cavity and were divided into 4 groups with bonded resin composite restoration: Group A (TE): Filtek Z350 + Adper Single Bond 2; Group B (TE): Tetric N Ceram + Tetric N Bond; Group C (SE): Clearfil APX + SE Bond; and Group D (SE): Ceram X + Xeno III. Each group were divided into 3 parts (10 teeth each) which were restored at 0; 2 and 4 mm of curing distance respectively. After stored in aquadest at 37oC (24 hours), all specimens were immersed in 1% methylene blue solution (24 hours). Dye penetration at coronal site were observed under a stereomicroscope (Nikon SM 2800). The results showed that microleakage between 3 various curing distances of each group were not significantly different (Kruskall-Wallis test, p>0,05). Mann-Whitney U test (p<0,05) showed that microleakage between Group A-C; Group A-D and Group B-D were significantly different at 2 mm curing distance. Conclusion: microleakage of resin composite restoration with TE adhesive system were lower than SE at all curing distances."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu pelapisan bahan adhesif universal sistem self-etch yang terhadap perubahan morfologis mikrostruktur dentin. Lima gigi premolar manusia yang diekstraksi diabrasi dan dihaluskan dari arah oklusal dan medial menggunakan diamond disc grit #600 dan kertas silikon karbida grit #1000, #1500 dan #2000. Bahan adhesif Single Bond Universal diaplikasikan dalam sistem self-etch pada permukaan oklusal dentin yang terbagi menjadi tiga kelompok berdasarkan waktunya yaitu selama 20 detik (n = 3), 30 detik (n = 3) dan 40 detik (n = 3). Spesimen dipolimerisasi dengan LED curing unit, iradiansi 900mW/cm² selama 10 detik. Satu spesimen yang tidak diaplikasi bahan adhesif digunakan sebagai kontrol. Pengamatan SEM dilakukan dengan perbesaran x850, x1,600 dan x3,000. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan gambaran morfologis mikrostruktur dentin sebelum dan sesudah aplikasi bahan adhesif tetapi tidak ada perbedaan antar kelompok 20 detik, 30 detik dan 40 detik. Disimpulkan bahwa waktu pelapisan bahan adhesif tidak mempengaruhi perubahan morfologis mikrostruktur dentin.

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The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of bonding application time on dentin microstructure created by a universal adhesive in self-etch mode. Five extracted human premolars were sectioned and polished occlusally and medially using diamond disc grit #600 dan silicone carbide paper grit #1000, #1500 and #2000. One universal adhesive, Single Bond Universal was applied on to the occlusal surface of dentin and was divided into 3 groups based on the time: 20 s (n = 3), 30 s (n = 3) and 40 s (n = 3). Specimens were polimerized using LED curing unit, irradiance 900mW/cm² for 10 s, except for one that was left untreated as control. All specimens were observed using SEM at magnifications x850, x1,600 dan x3,000. The result showed that there were morfological differences in dentin microstructure between before and after application but none between specimen groups. It was concluded that bonding application time does not affect the morfological differences in dentin microstructure."

"Industri semen berkontribusi 7-8% dari total emisi CO2 (2020). Salah satu upaya meminimalisir emisi CO2 adalah dengan mengganti sebagian semen portland konvensional yaitu ordinary portland cement (OPC) dengan fly ash, baik itu pencampuran secara langsung (site mix) maupun melalui pabrik oleh klinker, yaitu semen Portland Pozzolan Cement (PPC). Penggunaan kedua jenis campuran tersebut jika dibandingkan dengan semen OPC100% berpeluang meningkatkan sifat mekanis mortar pada usia lanjut, dan juga memperbaiki sifat fisis mortar. Selain fly ash, penggunaan serat alam pada mortar kerap dilakukan untuk menjaga kelestarian lingkungan serta tercapainya suatu sifat tertentu pada mortar, yaitu sifat mekanis kuat lentur. Penelitian ini menggunakan semen OPC 100%, campuran OPC dengan fly ash 30% dan semen PPC 100% terhadap penambahan serat alam abaka dan rami sebesar 1% (berat benda uji). Secara garis besar berdasarkan hasil temua menunjukan bahwa semen OPC-FA30% dan PPC belum dapat menghasilkan performa yang lebih baik dibandingkan semen OPC. Penggunaan semen OPC memperoleh hasil yang lebih baik dari segi sifat mekanis maupun fisis, lalu diikuti oleh semen OPC-FA30% dan PPC. Disisi lain campuran menggunakan serat meningkatkan kuat lentur dibandingkan campuran tanpa serat, namun hasil sebaliknya diperoleh pada kuat tekan dan tarik belah. Di lain hal campuran dengan serat memiliki tingkat absorpsi yang lebih tinggi dan lebih mudah dipenetrasi oleh air. Terakhir diperoleh bahwa serat rami menghasilkan sifat mekanis dan fisis yang lebih baik dibandingkan serat abaka.

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The cement industry contributes 7-8% of total CO2 emissions (2020). One of the efforts to minimize CO2 emissions is to replace some of the conventional portland cement, namely ordinary portland cement (OPC) with fly ash, either through direct mixing (site mix) or through the factory by clinker, namely Portland Pozzolan Cement (PPC). The use of these two types of mixtures when compared with 100% OPC cement has the opportunity to improve the mechanical properties of mortar in old age, and also improve the physical properties of mortar. In addition, to fly ash, the use of natural fibers in mortar is often done to preserve the environment and to achieve certain properties in mortar, namely mechanical properties of flexural strength. This study used 100% OPC cement, a mixture of OPC with 30% fly ash, and 100% PPC cement for the addition of 1% abaca and ramie natural fibers (weight of the test object). Based on the findings in general shows that OPC-FA30% cement and PPC have not been able to produce better performance than OPC cement. The use of OPC cement obtained better results in terms of mechanical and physical properties, followed by OPC-FA30% and PPC cement. On the other hand, the mixture using fiber increased the flexural strength compared to the mixture without fiber, but the opposite result was obtained in the compressive and split tensile strength. On the other hand, a mixture with fiber has a higher absorption rate and is more easily penetrated by water. Finally, it was found that ramie fiber produced generally better mechanical and physical properties than abaca fiber."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan sifat fisik dan mekanik bata tanpa pembakaran dengan campuran bahan tanah dan kapur yang diperkuat serat Agave sisalana. Bata tanpa pembakaran dengan campuran bahan tanah, kapur dengan diperkuat serat Agave sisalana yang mendapatkan perlakuan khusus dan Serat Agave sisalana tanpa perlakuan khusus. Panjang potongan Serat Agave sisalana yaitu, 4 cm dengan variasi 0%, 2%, 4%, dan 6% dari massa kapur. Dalam penelitian ini akan membahas hubungan kekuatan bata terhadap waktu atau umur bata tanpa pembakaran tanpa bahan tambah Serat Agave sisalana dan bata tanpa pembakaran dengan bahan tambah serat Agave sisalana.Metode penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan beberapa tahap antara lain, persiapan bahan, pengujian sifat fisik bahan, rancang campuran, pembuatan benda uji (bata), pengujian sifat mekanik benda uji, analisis data, dan membuat kesimpulan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa batu bata tidak dibakar yang ditambah dengan serat Agave sisalana dengan atau tanpa perlakuan khusus menghasilkan nilai kekuatan yang lebihbaik dibandingkan dengan batu bata tanpa tambahan serat Agave sisalana.

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This study aims to obtain the physical and mechanical properties of unfired brick with a mixture of soil and lime reinforced with Agave sisalana fiber. Unfired brick with a mixture of soil, lime reinforced with Agave sisalana fiber Untreated and Agave sisalana fiber treated. The length of the pieces of Agave sisalana Fiber is 4 cm with a variation of 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6% of the lime mass. In this research, we will discuss the relationship

between brick strength and time or age of bricks without additional Agave sisalana fiber and brick without burning with added by Agave sisalana fiber.

This research method is carried out based on several stages, including material preparation, testing of physical properties of materials, mix design, making sample (unfired bricks), testing of mechanical properties of specimens, analyzing data, and making conclusions.

The results show that unfired bricks added with uniform untreated and treated Agave sisalana fiber resulted in better strength performances compared to those without Agave sisalana fibers."

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Industri manufacturing saat ini dituntut untuk bisa mengimplementasikan prinsip prinsip keberlanjutan baik itu dalam aktivitas operasional maupun dalam proses pengambilan keputusan. Konsep tentang sustainability saat ini didefinisikan sebagai korelasi antara tiga prinsip utama: pertumbuhan ekonomi, keadilan sosial, dan pemberdayaan lingkungan. Untuk mencapai keberlanjutan di Industri manufaktur perlu mengadopsi pendekatan yang berintegrasi yang didalamnya memasukkan indicator multi demension sehingga mangarah pada interconnection pada ekonomi, lingkungan dan aspek sosial. Untuk mengubah cara organisasi menjalankan dan menghasilkan nilai bagi berbagai pemangku kepentingan, Corporate Sustainability Performance (CSP) sangatlah penting. Kerangka kerja CSP harus menekankan kualitas yang akan mengarahkan eksekutif bisnis dan pembuat keputusan menuju pembangunan berkelanjutan. Industri Fiber Cement adalah Industri yang memproduksi material komposit bangunan dan konstruksi yang banyak digunakan di negara maju dan berkembang karena kekuatan dan daya tahannya. Analisis risiko dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengelola ancaman dan peluang yang diperlukan oleh transisi masyarakat menuju keberlanjutan Analisis ini menjadi basic dari strategi perencanaan manajemen resiko untuk menuju sustainability agar Industri bisa memprediksi proses bisnis yang dapat merugikan dan dapat meminimalisir dari segala kemungkinan yang akan merugikan bisnis.

 

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The manufacturing industry is currently required to be able to implement the principles of sustainability both in operational activities and in the decision-making process. The concept of sustainability is currently defined as the correlation between three main principles: economic growth, social justice, and environmental empowerment. To achieve sustainability in the manufacturing industry, it is necessary to adopt an integrated approach which includes multi-dimensional indicators so as to lead to interconnection in the economic, environmental and social aspects. To change the way organizations run and generate value for various stakeholders, Corporate Sustainability Performance (CSP) is essential. The CSP framework should emphasize qualities that will guide business executives and decision makers towards sustainable development. The fiber cement industry is an industry that produces building and construction composite materials that are widely used in developed and developing countries because of their strength and durability. Risk analysis can be used to identify and manage the threats and opportunities required by society's transition towards sustainability. This analysis forms the basis of a risk management planning strategy towards sustainability so that the industry can predict business processes that can be detrimental and can minimize all possibilities that will harm the business.

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"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketebalan komposit resin dan jarak penyinaran terhadap kekuatan tarik diametral komposit resin serat pendek KRSP . Empat puluh spesimen KRSP EverX PosteriorTM berbentuk lempengan dengan ketebalan 3 dan 4 mm, diameter 6 mm n=20 dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan jarak penyinaran 2 dan 4 mm n=10 . Spesimen dipolimerisasi menggunakan LED curing unit, iradiansi 800 mW/cm2 selama 20 detik. Spesimen diuji menggunakan Universal Testing Machine 250 kgf, 0,5 mm/menit untuk mendapatkan nilai kekuatan tarik diametral. Hasil uji statistik One-Way ANOVA dan post-hoc LSD, kekuatan tarik diametral menurun signifikan pada kelompok dengan ketebalan KRSP 4 mm dan jarak penyinaran 4 mm. Disimpulkan bahwa ketebalan KRSP dan jarak penyinaran dapat mempengaruhi nilai kekuatan tarik diametral.

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The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of short fiber reinforced resin composite SFRC thickness and light curing distance on diametral tensile strength. Forty disc shaped specimens of SFRC EverX PosteriorTM with 3 and 4 mm of resin composite thickness, 6 mm of diameter n 20 were divided into two different light curing distance groups 2 and 4 mm n 10 . All Specimens were polymerized using LED curing unit, irradiance 800 mW cm2 for 20 s. Specimens were tested using Universal Testing Machine 250 kgf, 0,5 mm menit to determine its diametral tensile strength. The result from One Way ANOVA and post hoc LSD statistical test, diametral tensile strength of 4 mm SFRC thickness with 4 mm light curing distance group has significantly decrease. It was concluded that both SFRC thickness and light curing distance has significant effect on the diametral tensile strength."

"High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites (HPFRCC) represent a class of cement composites whose stress-strain response in tension undergoes strain hardening behaviour accompanied by multiple cracking, leading to a high strain prior to failure. The primary objective of this International Workshop was to provide a compendium of up-to-date information on the most recent developments and research advances in the field of HPFRCC. Approximately 65 contributions from leading world experts are assembled in these proceedings and provide an authoritative perspective on the subject. Special topics include fresh and hardening state properties, self-compacting mixtures, mechanical behavior under compressive, tensile, and shear loading, structural applications, impact, earthquake and fire resistance, durability issues, ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete, and textile reinforced concrete. "