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"Studi ini menganalisis dampak investasi asing langsung dan spillover effect yang ditimbulkan terhadap tingkat entry dan exit pada industri manufaktur Indonesia tahun 2010-2015. Studi ini menggunakan data Input Output tahun 2010 dan data Industri Besar Sedang tahun 2010-2015 yang keduanya berasal dari Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. Random Effect Model keluar sebagai model terbaik untuk mengestimasi data panel dengan observasi sebanyak 2.592 industri. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa investasi asing langsung dan forward spillover memberikan kontribusi yang positif signifikan terhadap entry rate, namun backward spillover berkontribusi negatif terhadap entry rate. Backward spillover dan forward spillover juga berkontribusi terhadap exit rate, namun efeknya tidak dominan. Masuknya investasi asing langsung ke dalam industri yang memiliki tingkat konsentrasi dan tingkat impor yang tinggi masing-masing berdampak pada entry rate yang negatif dan exit rate yang positif. Selain itu, masuknya investasi asing langsung ke dalam industri yang memiliki rata-rata ukuran perusahaan yang besar dan tingkat ekspor yang tinggi masing-masing berdampak pada entry rate yang positif dan entry rate yang negatif.

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This study analyzes the impact of FDI and the spillover effect on entry and exit levels in the Indonesian manufacturing industry in 2010-2015. This study uses data for Input Output in 2010 and data for Large and Medium Industries in 2010-2015, both of which are from the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency. Random Effect Model came out as the best model for estimating panel data by observing 2,592 industries. This study concludes that FDI and forward spillover make a significant positive contribution to the entry rate, but backward spillover contributes negatively to the entry rate. Backward spillover and forward spillover also contribute to the exit rate, but the effect is not dominant. The entry of FDI into industries that have a high level of concentration and a high level of imports each have an impact on a negative entry rate and a positive exit rate. In addition, the entry of FDI into industries that have a large average company size and high export rates have an impact on positive entry rates and negative entry rates, respectively."

"Aliran masuk Foreign Direct Investment membawa efek tidak langsung (indirect effects) atau spillover (Blomström dan Kokko, 1999). Perusahaan asing penanam modal relatif efisien dan memiliki akses ke pasar luar negeri yang tidak dimiliki perusahaan swasta lokal, sehingga perusahaan asing menunjukan produktivitas yang lebih tinggi dari perusahaan swasta lokal (Aitken dan Harison, 1999). Sektor industri manufaktur merupakan sektor industri yang berkontribusi besar dalam GDP serta penyerapan tenaga kerja. Peningkatan aliran FDI melalui status kepemilikan asing atas perusahaan diharapkan dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap perusahaan swasta lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi perbedaan produktivitas antara perusahaan pemerintah, perusahaan swasta lokal dan perusahaan dengan kepemilikan asing (minoritas, mayoritas dan sepenuhnya dimiliki pihak asing) serta mengidentifikasi efek spillovers produktivitas dari kehadiran perusahaan dengan kepemilikan asing terhadap perusahaan swasta lokal pada industri manufaktur di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan data panel Statistik Industri Besar dan Sedang tahun 2003-2009, regresi random effect terhadap variabel produktivitas tenaga kerja dengan variabel intensitas modal, kualitas tenaga kerja, efek dari skala ekonomi, ukuran tingkat persaingan industri, ukuran perusahaan, umur, dan lokasi perusahaan menunjukan hasil (1) perusahaan dengan kepemilikan asing memiliki tingkat produktivitas yang lebih tinggi dari perusahaan swasta lokal dan perusahaan pemerintah pada Industri Manufaktur di Indonesia; (2) produktivitas tenaga kerja perusahaan swasta lokal tidak dipengaruhi oleh kehadiran perusahaan dengan kepemilikan asing baik dari sisi tenaga kerja maupun dari sisi aset tetap masing-masing sektor dengan perusahaan dengan kepemilikan asing. sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada perusahaan swasta lokal tidak terjadi efek spillovers dari kehadiran perusahaan asing di Industri Manufaktur Indonesia.

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Inflows of Foreign Direct Investment has been argued to create an indirect effects or spillover in term of increased productivity (Blomström and Kokko, 1999). This occurs due to the fact that foreign firms has higher efficiency, competitiveness and access to the global market and resources compare to the local firms (Aitken and Harison, 1999). Manufacturing industry considered a large contributor in term of GDP and source of employment, therefore an increase of FDI inflow would create positive impact toward local private firms, as increased competition would induce higher productivity.

This study aimed to identify spillovers effect of FDI in manufacturing industry in Indonesia, by comparing level of productivity among government enterprises, local private firms, and firms with foreign ownership (minority, majority and wholly foreign-owned), and further by identifying the spillover effect on productivity based on the presence of firms with foreign ownership among local private firms.

By using a panel data of Large and Medium Industrial Statistics in 2003-2009, random effect regression analysis was conducted to analyse variables which include: labor productivity, capital intensity, quality of labor, the effect economies of scale, level of industrial competitiveness, firm size, age, and location. The results of the correlational study shows that (1) foreign owned firms have higher productivity than local private firms and government enterprises, (2) labor productivity of local private firms is not affected by the presence of firms with foreign ownership both in terms of labor and the fixed assets of each sector with companies with foreign ownership. It can be concluded that there is no spillover effect experienced by the local private firms in relate to the presence of FDI through foreign owned firms."

"Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh keberadaan FDI terhadap performa ekspor perusahaan di industri garmen Indonesia selama periode 2002 2006 Adanya FDI di suatu negara melalui pendirian perusahaan multinasional MNCs dipercaya dapat meningkatkan produktifitas perusahaan domestik melalui superior knowledge yang dimilikinya Dengan demikian adanya perusahaan MNCs dipercaya dapat memberikan spillover effect yang dapat mempengaruhi performa ekspor perusahaan domestik yang berada disekitarnya Performa ekspor dalam penelitian ini dilihat dari peluang ekspor dan propensitas ekspor Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa FDI yang masuk ke industri garmen Indonesia melalui perusahaan MNCs terbukti meningkatkan peluang ekspor dan propensitas ekspor perusahaan garmen Hal ini dikarenakan adanya spillover effect yang terjadi melalui persaingan dengan perusahaan ekspor yang membuat peningkatan pada nilai tambah produksi perusahaan yang berada di sekitarnya Selain itu penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa industri garmen Indonesia masih mengandalkan upah buruh yang rendah dibandingkan produktifitas pekerjanya untuk dapat bersaing di pasar ekspor.

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This study examines the effect of FDI on export performance in Indonesian garment industry in a span of year 2002 2006 FDI inflows through multinational corporations are believed to have superior knowledge that can improve domestic firm's productivity Thus the presence of MNCs is believed could bring spillover effect that can affect domestic firm's export performance Export performances here are defined as a firm's export decision and export propensity

This study concludes that FDI which come through the presence of MNCs in garment industry raises the likelihood of domestic firms to enter the export market and also improves their export propensities This improvement results from the spillover through competition with export firms that can increase nearby firms's value added in production Other than this this study also finds that Indonesian garment industry still rely on low labor wages to compete in export market rather than its labor productivity "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pendapatan Domestik Bruto (PDB), ekspor industri kendaraan bermotor roda empat, jumlah tenaga kerja dan upah tenaga kerja industri kendaraan bermotor roda empat, krisis ekonomi 1998 dan pajak atas distribution right fee terhadap nilai penanaman modal asing langsung industri kendaraan bermotor roda empat di Indonesia kurun waktu 1980 sampai dengan 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif analisa data deret waktu.Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa PDB, jumlah tenaga kerja, upah tenaga kerja, dan ekspor di industri kendaraan bermotor roda empat serta krisis ekonomi 1998 dan pajak distribution right fee memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan. PDB dan ekspor industri kendaraan bermotor roda empat memiliki hubungan positif sedangkan jumlah dan upah tenaga kerja di industri kendaraan bermotor roda empat serta krisis ekonomi 1998 dan pajak distribution right fee memiliki hubungan negatif terhadap investasi asing langsung di Indonesia.

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The research was conducted to analysis the effect of distribution right fee tax and other factors, namely Gross Domestic Product (GDP), export of automobile industry products, automobile industry workers and workers wages, 1998 Indonesian economic crisis towards the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Indonesia Automobile Industry from 1980 untill 2012. The research using secondary data and quantitative method with time series data descriptive analysis.The result of this research showed that GDP and export of automobile industry product have a positive impact meanwhile automobile industry workers and workers wages, Indonesian 1998 economic crisis and distribution right fee tax have a negative impact toward FDI in Indonesia Automobile Industry."

"Tesis ini membahas tentang keunggulan komparatif dan investasi asing langsung sektor industri pengolahan di Indonesia. Investasi asing langsung berperan dalam meningkatkan keunggulan komparatif, karena kehadiran perusahaan multinasional dapat memberikan spillovers teknologi dan pengembangan kapasitas inovatif pada sektor industri dalam negeri, kedua hal inilah yang kemudian diharapkan mampu meningkatkan keunggulan komparatif suatu negara. Nantinya, peningkatan keunggulan komparatif akan mendorong masuknya investasi asing langsung yang baru di masa depan.Metode estimasi Two Stage Pooled Least Square digunakan karena diduga ada hubungan simultan antara keunggulan komparatif dan investasi asing langsung serta terlanggarnya asumsi strict exogeneity. Hasil penelitian membuktikan adanya hubungan simultan antar keduanya.

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This thesis discusses the comparative advantage and foreign direct investment in the Indonesian manufacturing industry. Foreign direct investment plays an important role in improving the comparative advantage as the presence of multinational companies may generate technology spillovers and increase innovative capacity in the industrial sector within the country which subsequently expected to increase the comparative advantage and encourage more foreign direct investment in Indonesia.

The research is conducted by using Two Stage Pooled Least Square estimation method since it is assumed that there is a simultaneous relationship between comparative advantage and foreign direct investment as well as the violation of strict exogeneity assumption. Evidently, the result shows the existence of a simultaneous relationship between the two."

"Sastra dalam pengembangan ekonomi terkait Investasi Asing Langsung (FDI) telah banyak diteliti oleh para sarjana, sebagian besar menggunakan data pemotongan lintang atau data rangkaian waktu, namun penelitian mengenai data panel yang melibatkan faktor determinan FDI terhadap sektor dan wilayah secara keseluruhan belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini menguji dampak investasi langsung asing terhadap pertumbuhan pertanian di 15 Negara Asia menggunakan metode efek tetap dan efek acak serta diuji dengan uji Hausman menggunakan data sampel dari tahun 1990 hingga 2019. Ditemukan bahwa FDI memiliki hubungan positif dan signifikan dengan nilai tambah pertanian. Namun, FDI melalui perkembangan keuangan memiliki dampak negatif dan signifikan terhadap nilai tambah pertanian. Ditemukan pula bahwa inflasi memiliki dampak negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan pertanian, sementara formasi modal bruto dan tetap memiliki dampak signifikan dan positif terhadap pertumbuhan pertanian. Di sisi lain, keterbukaan perdagangan memiliki dampak negatif namun tidak signifikan. Oleh karena itu, rekomendasi yang diberikan kepada pembuat kebijakan adalah menciptakan kebijakan yang dapat menstabilkan tingkat inflasi serta meringankan kebijakan yang dapat menghambat keterbukaan perdagangan.

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Literature in the economic development regarding FDI have been widely studied by scholars, mostly used either cross-section or time series data, a panel-data on the determinants of FDI and towards the sectoral region, on the other hand, is understudied. This study examines the impact of foreign direct investment on agriculture growth in 15 Asian Countries using a fixed effect and random effect and further tested with the Hausman test on the sample data ranging from 1990-2019. It is found that FDI has a positive relationship and significant relationship with agriculture value added. However, FDI through financial development has a negative and significant impact on agriculture value added.  It is also found that inflation has a negative and significant impact on agriculture growth while gross and fixed capital formation is found to be significant and positively impacts agriculture growth. On the other hand, trade openness has a negative but non-significant impact. Therefore, a recommendation is for policy maker to create a policy that could stabilize the inflation rate and ease the policy that could inhibit trade openness. "

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menganalisa peran penanaman modal asing (PMA) dari Korea terhadap perdagangan intra-industri (IIT) Indonesia dan Korea untuk produk manufaktur pada kurun waktu 2000-2013. Menggunakan data tahunan dari World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) pada level produk SITC Rev.3, didekomposisi IIT ke dalam 3 kelompok yaitu horizontal IIT (HIIT), upper vertical IIT (upper VIIT), dan lower vertical IIT (lower VIIT) sesuai Ito dan Okubo (2012). Memanfaatkan data agregasi terkecil, unit value dijadikan proksi pengelompokkan kualitas, hal yang sulit dilakukan dengan agregasi terbesar walaupun yang didapatkan adalah rata-rata harga tahunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan PMA Korea secara positif dan signifikan mempengaruhi indeks IIT. Terkait dengan AKFTA, terjadi peningkatan pada lower VIIT namun penurunan indeks IIT.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis aim to analyze the role of Korea?s Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia and its effect to the extent of intra-industry trade between Korea and Indonesia on manufacture products during the period 2000-2013. Using World Integrated Trade Solution data at the level of SITC Rev. 3, trade is decomposed into 3 group of quality: horizontal IIT (HIIT), upper vertical IIT (upper VIIT), and lower vertical IIT (lower VIIT) in Ito and Okubo (2012). The results in general shows inter industry trade dominates with share of more than 80% of trade. The decomposition of Grubel-Lloyd index into the three intra-industry groups support the notion that the intra-industry trade rose after ASEAN-Korea Free Trade (AKFTA) particularly for the human capital and technology intensive products. Korea?s FDI inflow to Indonesia also shows a positive impact on IIT index of manufacture sector. We agree that AKFTA may bring more imports to Indonesia leading to increase intra-industry trade in lower vertical group."

"Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara spillover R&D Internasional dari kanal perdagangan dan penanaman modal asing terhadap produktivitas (TFP) berdasarkan teori pertumbuhan endogen di Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) dalam periode 1996-2010. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa spillover R&D internasional dari kanal perdagangan dan penanaman modal asing merupakan faktor penting dalam meningkatkan TFP. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa perdagangan internasional (ekspor dan impor) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas di ASEAN. Selain itu, Human Development Index (HDI) juga siginifikan dalam mempengaruhi produktivitas di ASEAN.

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This research attempts to explain the relationship between international R&D spillover from trade channels and foreign direct investment on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) based on the endogenous growth theory in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) during the period 1996-2010. The study found that international R&D spillover from trade channels and foreign direct investment are significant factors in increasing TFP. The research also discovered that international trade (exports and imports) has a significant impact on productivity in ASEAN. Additionally, the Human Development Index (HDI) also plays a significant role in influencing productivity in ASEAN."

"Upaya pengurangan intensitas energi merupakan masalah energi yang sangat penting Indonesia. Pembangunan ekonomi regional Indonesia yang tidak merata mengarah ke kesenjangan yang terkait dengan intensitas energi regional. Namun, berbagai penelitian sebelumnya sangat sedikit yang mempertimbangkan intensitas energi Indonesia kesenjangan intensitas energi regional di Indonesia dan efek spasialnya. Penyerapan investasi asing langsung yang membawa teknologi maju ke Indonesia berdampak penting pada intensitas energi Indonesia. Analisis penelitian ini apakah investasi asing langsung dapat mengurangi intensitas energi regional, menggunakan data panel dari 33 provinsi pada periode 2008-2015. Sehubungan dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang belum dipertimbangkan Ketergantungan spasial, penelitian ini menitikberatkan pada metode statistik spasial. Berdasarkan Uji Moran menemukan bahwa provinsi dengan intensitas energi tinggi cenderung demikian cluster dengan provinsi yang juga memiliki intensitas energi tinggijika tidak. Hasil empiris dengan menggunakan model spasial Durbin menunjukkan bahwa dampak limpahan investasi asing langsung pada provinsi itu sendiri dan dampaknya limpasan spasial dari provinsi tetangga memiliki hubungan yang positif signifikan terhadap intensitas energi. Hasil ini bisa disebabkan oleh salah satunyapenanaman modal asing langsung di Indonesia yang masih didominasi oleh kegiatan ekonomi di sektor padat energi. Berdasarkan analisis, tingkatkan aliran masuk Investasi asing langsung belum menjadi cara yang efektif untuk mengurangiIntensitas energi regional Indonesia. Demikian penelitian ini menunjukkanbahwa jika kebijakan tersebut untuk meningkatkan arus masuk investasi langsung asing negara-negara di Indonesia dalam rangka mendongkrak perekonomian memang diperlukan disertai dengan pemilihan arus masuk dan pelaksanaan investasi asing langsung peraturan tentang penggunaan energi

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Efforts to reduce energy intensity are a very important energy problem for Indonesia. Indonesia's uneven regional economic development leads to gaps related to regional energy intensity. However, very few previous studies have considered Indonesia's energy intensity, regional energy intensity gaps in Indonesia and their spatial effects. The absorption of foreign direct investment that brings advanced technology to Indonesia has an important impact on Indonesia's energy intensity. This research analyzes whether foreign direct investment can reduce regional energy intensity, using panel data from 33 provinces in the 2008-2015 period. In connection with previous studies that have not considered spatial dependence, this study focuses on spatial statistical methods. Based on Moran's test, it is found that provinces with high energy intensity tend to be in a cluster with provinces that also have high energy intensity if not. The empirical results using the Durbin spatial model show that the impact of foreign direct investment spillover on the province itself and its impact on spatial runoff from neighboring provinces has a positive relationship.

significant to energy intensity. This result could be caused by one of them

foreign direct investment in Indonesia which is still dominated by economic activities in the energy-intensive sector. Based on the analysis, increasing the inflow of foreign direct investment is not yet an effective way to reduce it

Indonesia's regional energy intensity. Thus this research shows that if the policy is to increase the inflow of foreign direct investment of countries in Indonesia in order to boost the economy, it is indeed necessary, accompanied by the selection of inflows and the implementation of foreign direct investment, regulations on energy use"

"Due to the lack of internal finance, a country might need a foreign investment. It also happens to Indonesia that is not recovery from its economic problems up to now. One of the solutions to this condition is by giving Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). By FDI it is hoped that it can employ a lot of people, and it can reduce the unemployment rate in this country, as a result it can increase the welfare of society.This study will focus on the relation between the given PPh incentives and Japanese Investor behavior in investing its fund, elaborate and analyze Japanese Investor to tax incentives given, and research, formulate and make the analysis on which tax incentive is the best way in inviting Japanese direct investor.This thesis is analytical descriptive which uses qualitative method by scrutinizing data in the form of information, theory from library research, then by analyzing the data to solve the formed case, so that conclusion can be drawn and suggestions and understanding to the influence in giving incentive to foreign direct investment can be given.The references theory in this research is one instrument to invite Japanese direct investment by giving tax incentive. However, tax administration is the key on the success of tax policy.It can be concluded that PPh facility given to tax payers in Indonesia who invest in certain business and area is quite good, in the result of the decrease of netto 30% (thirty percent) as the highest, quicken reduction and amortization, longer loss compensation and given PPh to the dividend as in Article 26 to 10% (ten percent), except if the valid tariff to the tax agreement is lower. Japanese Investors accept this facility positively, but they say it is more interesting if those tax facilities are followed by administration tax which gives law assurance.Tax incentive given by tax law is quite interesting for the Japanese investors to invest in Indonesia, but the regulations do not give the law assurance, they who have the license hope that they will be given the tax incentive as stated in the law, furthermore, it is suggested that the government not only faces on tax incentive to invite foreign direct investment but also is concern on the law assurance, security, eliminating high economy cost and improving infrastructure. Arranged and good tax administration will give law assurance and security to the investors. Furthermore, the license to foreign investors and the given PPh facilities are managed by one institution under one roof."