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"Era persaingan global yang semakin kompetitif mengakibatkan perusahaan harus memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dibandingkan dengan para pesaingnya untuk dapat meningkatkan kinerja perusahannya agar terus dapat bertahan dalam pasar. Keunggulan kompetitif tersebut dapat diperoleh dengan memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi melalui kegiatan Penelitian & Pengembangan (R&D). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa pengaruh investasi R&D terhadap kinerja perusahaan yang terbagi menjadi kinerja finansial dan pasar perusahaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel dari 144 perusahaan yang bergerak dalam sektor industri Farmasi & Bioteknologi yang terdaftar dalam Global top 2500 Scoreboard selama tahun 2016-2020 dengan metode Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Hasil studi menunjukan bahwa terdapat jeda waktu dalam dampak investasi R&D terhadap kinerja perusahaan dimana dalam jangka pendek, pengeluaran R&D signifikan memengaruhi penurunan kinerja finansial perusahaan (profit dan penjualan bersih) dan tidak signifikan memengaruhi kinerja pasar perusahaan (nilai kapitalisasi pasar) sedangkan dalam jangka panjang, pengeluaran R&D signifikan memengaruhi peningkatan kinerja finansial dan pasar perusahaan.

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The increasingly competitive era of global competition has resulted in companies having to have a competitive advantage on their competitors in order to continue surviving in the market by improving their company performance. This competitive advantage can be obtained by utilizing technological advances through Research & Development (R&D) activities. This study aims analyze and estimate the effect of R&D investment on company performance, which is divided into financial and market performance of the company. This study uses panel data from 144 Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology companies listed in the Global Top 2500 Scoreboard during 2016- 2020 regressed using Fixed Effect Model (FEM) method. The results of the study show that there is a time lag in the effect of R&D investment on company performance where in the short term, R&D expenditure significantly decreases company performance (profit and net sales) and does not significantly affect the company market performance (market capitalization) while in the long term, R&D expenditure significantly affects the improvement of company’s financial and market performance."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini membahas tentang stakeholder engagement proyek konstruksi, pelaksanaan PKBL dan pelaporan CSR pada PT DEF. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan deskriptif serta metode pengumpulan data yang digunakkan wawancara dan kajian dokumen sekunder. Indikator yang digunakkan dalam menganalisis adalah AA1000SES, PERMEN BUMN PER-09/MBU/07/2015 dan GRI.Hasil dari penelitian skripsi ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan stakeholder engagement berdasarkan AA1000SES belum terlalu baik. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan tingkat efektifitas penyaluran dana PKBL PT DEF masih tergolong rendah karena adanya kebijakan perusahaan dan pelaporan CSR berdasarkan GRI masih rendah karena media yang digunakkan untuk analisa adalah annual report.

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ABSTRACT<>br>This research discusses the stakeholder engagement on the project construction, the implementation of PKBL and CSR reporting on PT DEF. The research uses is qualitative and descriptive method. Indicators used in the analysis are AA1000SES, PERMEN BUMN PER 09 MBU 07 2015 and GRI.The result of this research shows that stakeholder engagement based on AA1000SES is not too good. The result of the research also shows that the effectiveness of the distribution of PKBL funds of PT DEF is still low due to the company 39 s policy and CSR reporting based on GRI is still low because the media used for analysis is the annual report."

"Pada awal tahun 2023, perekonomian global menghadapi tantangan dengan kenaikan suku bunga dan inflasi yang meningkat. Faktor-faktor ini berpotensi mengganggu stabilitas ekonomi dan pertumbuhan secara global, yang mungkin mengakibatkan perlambatan atau stagflasi. Sebagai konsekuensinya, terjadi "tech winter" yang ditandai dengan penurunan minat investasi dan kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D) di sektor teknologi, khususnya di industri ICT (Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi).Studi ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki dan menganalisis dampak investasi R&D terhadap kinerja perusahaan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam sektor ICT. Data yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini berasal dari Komisi Uni Eropa dan terdiri dari data panel dari perusahaan yang beroperasi di sektor ICT, dengan fokus khusus pada Software and Computer Services dari EU R&D Investment Scoreboard. Selain itu, data panel dari 20 negara diperoleh dari Dataset PREDICT, dan metode Fixed Effect Model (FEM) diterapkan untuk analisisTemuan studi ini mengungkapkan bahwa investasi pengeluaran R&D secara signifikan memengaruhi kinerja perusahaan, seperti yang terlihat dari indikator laba operasional dan penjualan bersih. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa investasi R&D juga memiliki dampak yang signifikan pada nilai tambah bruto oleh negara-negara yang termasuk dalam cakupan penelitian ini

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At the beginning of 2023, the global economy is facing challenges with rising interest rates and inflation. These factors have the potential to disrupt economic stability and growth on a global scale, possibly leading to a slowdown or stagflation. As a consequence, there has been a tech winter, marked by a decline in investment interest and research and development (R&D) activities in the technology sector, particularly in the ICT (Information and Communications Technology) industry.

This study aims to investigate and analyze the impact of R&D investment on firm performance and economic growth within the ICT sector. The data used for the research is sourced from the European Union Commission and comprises panel data from companies operating in the ICT sector, with a specific focus on Software and Computer Services from the EU R&D Investment Scoreboard. Additionally, panel data from 20 countries is obtained from the PREDICT Dataset, and the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) method is applied for analysis.

The study's findings reveal that R&D expenditure investment significantly influences firm performance, as evidenced by operating profit and net sales indicators. Moreover, the research demonstrates that R&D investment also has a notable impact on the gross value added by the countries included in the scope of this investigation"

"Prompted by poor performance of most state-owned enterprises, the Indonesian government has made the partnership between state-owned and private firms as one of its `strategic' steps. However, partnership between business entities from different institutional backgrounds can cause uneasy relationship stemming from different characters and imbalanced position between partners. In the Indonesian context, partnerships between state and private firms show imbalance in which the former enjoy more prestige and power than the later. Dependency is reflected in the obligation of spending some cost by private companies, some of which become additional income or rent to the executives of state firms.

The case study looks at the joint-operation in sugar production for the milling season of 2001-2002 between the state-owned PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIV (PTPN XIV) and the privately owned PT Kalpataru Semesta (PTKS). During the course of the joint-operation, relations between two partners have demonstrated lack of transparency and growing distrust. Complexities have intensified because of a persistent competition between key actors, namely president directors of the respective firms, in an attempt to show that each was more powerful than the other.

This research tries to answer four questions. First, how is partnership between PTPN XIV and PTKS possible? Second, why are differences between both partners so wide and very difficult to reconcile? Third, how are the relationships between actors during the implementation of the partnership? Fourth, how do partners eventually agree on the termination of their joint-operation? In brief, this study attempts to reveal various processes, networks, and structures that affect the partnership. Due to his position as a member of the Monitoring Team of the joint-operation project, the researcher chooses to apply participant observation as the main method of data collection. Informal talks and interviews with other actors and informants also contribute to the process.

This study takes into consideration three theoretical perspectives, namely Exchange, Exchange-Network, and Governance theories, but all lack of comprehension in describing the overall structures and processes behind the partnership. This has led to the formulation of a combination of relevant ideas and aspects of those theories by utilizing concepts and ideas of the dramaturgical and social capital perspectives. This attempt has resulted in the emergence of a pair of exchange network models of key actors; and a matrix of all relevant actors and elements.

This research finds that in contrast to widespread practices in Indonesia, state firms are not permanently stronger than their private counterparts. The relative position between PTPN XIV and PTKS demonstrates a dynamic imbalance in the sense that either the state-owned or private firms may hold dominance over the other. In the initiation phase, the private partner gains strong position over the state-owned partner. During the implementation of the partnership, both demonstrate dominance interchangeably depending on the specific circumstances. At the final phase, the state-owned firm shows its strength and the private company has to accept that it is dependent on its state-owned counterpart.

In general, the partnership between PTPN XIV and PTKS reflects a success and a failure simultaneously. It has succeeded in salvaging the ill-fated state-owned firm, or serving public interest, but at the same time it fails in delivering satisfactory profit to private partner. In addition to its failure, the project proves that a governance arrangement fails to perform well under a distrustful relationship between partners as a result of mysterious behavior of the PTPN XIV president director. However the involvement of a state official has served two functions; first, help make partnership possible in the first place, second, create a forum through which partners meet to discuss differences.

The study recommends that state officials should . take a more active role in managing tensions and reducing unnecessary differences between partners. State-owned enterprises should be encouraged to open up their data and predictions that are highly relevant to the joint-project. This will help create trust and norm of mutual benefit between partners. Private companies, despite their strong position, should be well-prepared prior to entering into an agreement with state firms. They should obtain sufficient knowledge especially on the calculation methods of production costs and the familiarity with key actors from the other side in the partnership."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh profitabilitas, pertumbuhan perusahaan, ukuran, dan intensitas R D perusahaan terhadap intensitas inovasi perusahaan. Sampel yang digunakan adalah perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2010-2015, dengan jumlah total sampel 13 perusahaan. Uji model dilakukan dengan menggunakan model regresi berganda. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa tidak ada pengaruh antara profitabilitas, pertumbuhan, dan intensitas R D perusahaan terhadap intensitas inovasi perusahaan pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2010-2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya ukuran perusahaan yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap intensitas inovasi perusahaan. Pengaruh pertumbuhan perusahaan dan profitabilitas perusahaan terhadap intensitas inovasi perusahaan dapat berbeda-beda dari satu perusahaan dengan perusahaan lain, tergantung pada lingkungan teknologi perusahaan.

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The main purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of firm profitability, firm growth, firm size, and the intensity of firm's R D on the intensity of firm's innovation. The samples used are manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2010 2015, with a total sample of 13 companies. Model test is done by using multiple regression model. This study proves that there is no influence between the profitability, growth, and intensity of firm's R D on the intensity of firm's innovation in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2010 2015. The results showed that only the size of the company that has a significant influence on the intensity of firm's innovation. The influence of firm growth and firm profitability on the intensity of firm's innovation may vary from one company to another, depending on the company 39 s technological environment."

"ABSTRAKTesis ini menganalisis pengaruh pengeluaran untuk penelitian dan pengembangan (R&D expenditure) terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara ASEAN5. Penelitian pada tesis ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode ekonometri panel data dengan Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Hasil penelitian dari tesis ini, yaitu pengeluaran untuk penelitian dan pengembangan di negara ASEAN5 berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi negara-negara tersebut dengan time-lag satu tahun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tesis ini, maka rekomendasi kebijakan yang dihasilkan untuk negara ASEAN5 adalah kebijakan untuk meningkatkan jumlah pengeluaran untuk penelitian dan pengembangan guna mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam jangka panjang.

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ABSTRACT

This thesis analyzes the impact of research and development expenditure on economic growth in the ASEAN5. The research on this thesis is a quantitative study with econometric methods of panel data with Fixed Effect Model (FEM).

The research result of this thesis, namely R&D expenditure in the ASEAN5 has positive and significant effect on economic growth in these countries with one year time-lag. Based on the results of this thesis, the policy recommendation that will be generated for ASEAN5 is a policy to increase the amount of research and development expenditure to boost economic growth in the long term."

"Tesis ini membahas Produk Sedan Mini Compact Hatchback yang diproduksi oleh PT. Indomobil Tbk sebagai produsen Suzuki Swift. Kebijakan perusahaan untuk menggunakan rakitan lokal untuk menurunkan harga jual tidak terlalu mempengaruhi penjualan Swift dibandingkan dengan pesaingnya Honda maupun Toyota. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, kemudian dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan, untuk mengetahui awareness konsumen, kemudian untuk mengetahui atribut-atribut yang menjadi pertimbangan konsumen dalam memilih sedan tipe ini dan tingkat kepentingan masing-masing atribut. Terakhir mengumpulkan informasi mengenai persepsi konsumen terhadap Suzuki Swift. Riset pemasaran diawali dengan exploratory research, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan descriptive research Metoda pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan cara self administered survey Jumlah sampel ditetapkan sebanyak 120 responden dengan metoda Convenience Sampling. Hasil dari penelitian ini antara lain; merek Honda Jazz menjadi Top of mind awareness. Namun terdapat merek-merek yang tidak termasuk kategori sedan tipe ini Dalam pengujian aided awareness lebih dari 100% responden mengetahui merek Suzuki Swift. Atribut hemat BBM, keawetan mesin, harga, ketersediaan sparepart, layanan purna jual, harga jual kembali merupakan atribut yang sangat penting, sedang atribut bentuk atau model, peralatan keselamatan, kelegaan interior, dianggap agak penting mengarah ke penting oleh responden. Penilaian responden atas atribut-atribut Suzuki Swift yang menjadi obyek penelitian ini sebagian besar belum dapat memenuhi harapan responden.

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The focus of this study is to discuss the reduced price policy made by PT. Indomobil Tbk for Suzuki Swift Mini Compact Hatchback Sedan. Did not meet its goals, its market share still below the two competitors Honda and Toyota. In connection with the situation mentioned above, a research was conducted to understand the consumer awareness, later this research like to find which attributes are considered important. Last this research also likes to gather information about the consumer perception toward Suzuki Swift. This research begins with exploratory research, and then continues with descriptive research. A self administered survey is used to gather primary data. Sample size is fixed to 120 respondents with Convenience Sampling method. The result of this research; that Honda Jazz has the Top of mind awareness on consumer?s minds. However there are several brands that not included as Mini Compact Hatchback Sedan, such as; Nissan Grand Livina, Renault, Volvo, Mitsubishi. An aided awareness test proof that 100% respondent know Suzuki Swift brand. The economical fuel attribute, machine duration, price, spare part availability, after sales service, resale value are an important attributes, while design, safety equipment, interior space, are considered less important attributes. The appraisal on the attributes for Suzuki Swift cannot fulfill the respondent expectation."

"ASEAN dikenal sebagai kawasan yang memiliki beberapa keunggulan komparatif yang dapat menarik dan mendorong peningkatan FDI. Indonesia sebagai Chairmanship ASEAN 2023, mengangkat tema “ASEAN Matters: Epicentrum of Growth”. Namun, terdapat dua permasalahan mendasar, seperti restriksi FDI di sektor telekomunikasi dan rendahnya aktivitas R&D yang berimplikasi terhadap rendahnya kegiatan inovatif hingga menyebabkan deindustrialisasi di ASEAN. Demikian, untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut, penelitian iniakan menganalisis pengaruh FDI terhadap peluang inovasi perusahaan manufaktur dengan pendekatan model CDM. Melalui metode Heckman Selection Model dan Probit, ditemukan bahwa adanya FDI cenderung menurunkan pengeluaran R&D. Padahal, hasil dari pengeluaran R&D, memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan terhadap peluang inovasi perusahaan manufaktur. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa inovasi di ASEAN bukan dari aktivitas R&D, melainkan berasal dari R&D pihak asing yang telah dilakukan di negara asalnya.

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ASEAN is known as a region that has several comparative advantages that can attract and encourage increased FDI. Indonesia as the 2023 ASEAN Chairmanship, raised the theme "ASEAN Matters: Epicentrum of Growth". However, there are two fundamental problems, such as FDI restrictions in the telecommunications sector and low R&D activity which has implications for low innovative activity leading to deindustrialization in ASEAN. Thus, to answer this problem, this study will analyze the effect of FDI on innovation opportunities for manufacturing companies using the CDM model approach. Through the Heckman Selection Model and Probit methods, it was found that the presence of FDI tends to reduce R&D spending. In fact, the results of R&D spending have a positive and significant relationship to manufacturing company innovation opportunities. In addition, it was found that innovation in ASEAN was not from R&D activities, but came from foreign R&D that had been carried out in their home countries."