Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Penyakit metabolik yang sering ditemukan di usia kanak – kanak adalah Diabetes Melitus (DM) tipe 1 dengan defisiensi insulin yang diakibatkan oleh penghancuran sel beta pankreas sehingga meningkatkan kebutuhan metabolisme dan menyebabkan resiko anak mengalami fatigue. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi fatigue pada anak dengan DM tipe 1. Penelitian ini menggunakan cross sectional design dengan melibatkan 233 responden yang dipilih menggunakan non probabilty: consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang bermakna antara fatigue dengan usia (p value= 0,011), lama didiagnosis (p value= 0,011), gangguan tidur (p value= 0,000), kecemasan (p value= 0,000), dan depresi (p value= 0,000) serta faktor yang paling besar mempengaruhi fatigue pada anak dengan DM tipe 1 adalah gangguan tidur. Hasil penelitian dapat digunakan sebagai asuhan keperawatan khususnya dalam memberikan pendidikan kesehatan untuk menurunkan gejala fatigue.

---

Metabolic disease that often found in children is type 1 diabetes mellitus with insulin deficiency which caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells, thereby increasing metabolic needs and causing the child’s fatigue risk. This study aims to analyze the dominant factors that affect fatigue in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. This study used cross sectional design involving 233 respondents selected by non-probabilty: consecutive sampling. The results showed a meaningful relationship between fatigue and age (p value = 0.011), length of diagnosis (p value = 0.011), sleep disorders (p value = 0.000), anxiety (p value = 0.000), depression (p value = 0.000) and the factor that affects fatigue the most in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus is sleep disorders. The results of the study can be used as nursing care, especially in providing health education to reduce fatigue symptoms."

"

ABSTRAK

Latar belakang: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh minyak zaitun dan minyak bekatul  terhadap kontrol glikemik dan profil lipid pada pasien dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 2.

Metode: 10 subjek menerima 15 ml / hari minyak zaitun dan minyak bekatul. Kadar glukosa darah puasa, glukosa postprandial, kolesterol total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), dan trigliserida (TG) diukur. Subjek dicross over setelah periode wash out. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji-t berpasangan atau uji Wilcoxon yang sesuai dalam kelompok minyak bekatul dan minyak zaitun.

Hasil: perubahan glukosa darah puasa, glukosa postprandial, kolesterol total, LDL, dan TG tidak berbeda secara signifikan pada kedua kelompok. Namun, secara signifikan menurunkan kadar HDL diamati pada dua kelompok.

Kesimpulan: Minyak bekatul dan minyak zaitun tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar glukosa darah puasa dan glukosa postprandial.

 

Kata kunci: DM tipe 2; minyak bekatul; minyak zaitun; kontrol glikemik; profil lipid

---

ABSTRACT

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and rice bran oil (RBO) on glycemic control and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: 10 subjects received 15 ml/day of EVOO and RBO. Fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, total serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglyceride (TG) were measured. Subjects were cross-covered after wash out. Data were analyzed using paired t-test or Wilcoxon test as appropriate in the group RBO and EVOO.

Results: the changes of fasting blood glucose, postprandial glucose, total cholesterol, LDL, and TG were not significantly different in the two groups. However, significantly decreased the levels of HDL were observed in two groups.

Conclusion: RBO and EVOO no significant influence on the levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial glucose.

 

Keywords: type 2 DM; EVOO; RBO; glycemic control; lipid profile

 

"

"Penyakit Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipe 1 saat ini semakin banyak dialami oleh anak. Prinsip perawatan anak yang berfokus family centered care menuntut orang tua untuk aktif berperan serta dalam mengelola DM tipe 1 pada anak. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan mengeksplorasi pengalaman orang tua dalam merawat anak DM tipe 1. Desain penelitian menggunakan fenomenologi deskriptif yang melibatkan 7 orang tua sebagai partisipan.Hasil eksplorasi didapatkan 8 tema, yaitu:1) tiga fase perubahan respon orang tua,2) dua fase perubahan respon anak yang dirasakan orang tua,3) aktivitas orang tua dalam mengelola DM tipe 1 pada anak,4) penilaian orang tua terhadap pengobatan dengan insulin dan herbal,5) pola komunikasi dan ketrampilan yang ditunjukkan mempengaruhi persepsi orang tua terhadap tenaga kesehatan,6) dukungan sosial sebagai salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan dalam mengelola DM tipe 1 pada anak,7) perubahan yang dialami orang tua sebagai perawat utama anak, dan 8) harapan orang tua terhadap anak, dirinya sendiri dan tenaga kesehatan.Kesimpulan yang didapatkan yaitu kemampuan orang tua dalam berespon adaptif berpengaruh terhadap pengelolaan DM tipe 1 secara efektif pada anak. Selanjutnya perlu dilakukan eksplorasi kemampuan anak dalam beradaptasi terhadap DM tipe 1 untuk memberikan pemahaman dari segi individu yang mengalami penyakit secara langsung.

---

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is now increasingly experienced by children. The principle of family centered care requires parents to actively participate in managing diabetes in children and the factors that influence it. Research conducted with the aim to explore the experience of parents in caring for children with type 1 DM. Descriptive phenomenology used in this research design by involving seven parents as participants.The exploration resulted 8 themes, there are:1) three-phases of parent?s response,2) two-phases of children?s response perceived by parents,3) the activity of parents in managing type 1 DM in children,4) perception of parents to insulin and herbs,5) communication patterns and skills shown affected the perception of parents towards health professionals,6) social support as factor that influence the success in managing type 1 diabetes in children,7) the changes of lifestyle which experienced by parents as primary caregivers of children, and 8) the expectations of parents of children, themselves and health professionals.The conclusion is the ability of parents to respond adaptively influence the effectiveness of managing type 1 DM in children. Further exploration about children's adaption to type 1 DM is necessary to provide an understanding from the individual who experience it directly."

"[Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus tipe 1 merupakan diabetes yang paling sering ditemui pada anak dan remaja. Diabetes melitus dapat menimbulkan komplikasi makrovaskular dan mikrovaskular. Salah satu komplikasi mikrovaskular dari diabetes melitus adalah retinopati diabetik. Sampai saat ini, belum ada data mengenai prevalens dan faktor yang berhubungan dengan retinopati diabetik di Indonesia.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang menggunakan data sekunder. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian ini sebesar 68 pasien dan data subjek didapatkan melalui arsip rekam medis pasien diabetes melitus tipe 1 di Poliklinik Endokrinologi Anak RSCM. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis kelamin, usia awitan DM tipe 1, durasi DM tipe 1, riwayat ketoasidosis diabetik, regimen insulin, kontrol glikemik, indeks massa tubuh, dan pubertas, sementara variabel terikatnya adalah kejadian retinopati diabetik.Hasil: Prevalens retinopati diabetik pada pasien anak dengan DM tipe 1 di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo adalah sebesar 7,4%. Dari seluruh variabel bebas yang diteliti, hanya variabel durasi DM tipe 1 yang memiliki hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik (nilai p=0,01).Kesimpulan: Prevalens retinopati diabetik pada pasien anak dengan DM tipe 1 di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo adalah 7,4%. Faktor yang memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan kejadian retinopati diabetik adalah durasi DM tipe 1.Saran: Penelitian ini dapat menjadi pilot study untuk penelitian mengenai retinopati diabetik kedepannya. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat dilakukan secara kohort atau case control untuk memetakan faktor risiko retinopati diabetik secara jelas. Sistem pencatatan rekam medis harus terus diperbaiki untuk mendukung iklim penelitian di dunia kedokteran Indonesia, Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of childhood and adolescent diabetes. There are several macrovascular and microvascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the microvascular complications. Until now, there’s no information about prevalence and risk factor of diabetic retinopathy in Indonesia.Methods: In this secondary data cross sectional study, we collected 68 subjects from Cipto Mangunkusmo Hospital. Subjects’ medical history is collected from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital patient’s medical record. Our independent variables are sex, age of DM onset, duration of DM, diabetic ketoacidosis history, insulin regiment, glycemic control, body mass index, and puberty, while the dependent variable is diabetic retinopathy.Results: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy among children with type 1 diabetes in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is 7.4%. We found the factor associated with diabetic retinopathy in duration of DM (p=0,01).Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy affects about one tenth of type 1 DM patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Duration of DM is associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 1 DM.]"

"Latar Belakang: Diabetes Melitus tipe 1 DMT1 merupakan penyakit kronis terbanyak yang membutuhkan pindah kelola dari anak ke dewasa. Sementara itu, penyandang DMT1 yang menjalani pindah kelola menunjukkan kendali glukosa darah yang buruk dan peningkatan risiko hospitalisasi. Profil dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kendali glukosa darah penyandang DMT1 usai transisi di Indonesia belum diketahui. Tujuan: Mendapatkan profil pencapaian target HbA1c dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya pada penyandang DMT1 usia transisi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional potong lintang yang dilakukan pada 108 subyek DMT1 berusia 16-30 tahun. Data karakteristik subyek, Pemeriksaan Gula Darah Mandiri PGDM , status depresi dan ketersediaan asuransi kesehatan didapat dari anamnesis. Kadar HbA1c diperiksa dengan metode High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC . Hubungan antara faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan HbA1c dianalisis secara bivariat dengan chi square dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik menggunakan Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS versi 21.0 Hasil: Seratus delapan subyek yang direkrut dalam penelitian ini memiliki rerata usia 20,89 SB 4,87 tahun dan rerata HbA1c 9,02 SB 2,13 . Sebanyak 58,35 subjek melakukan PGDM le;60 kali/bulan, 88 subjek telah memiliki asuransi kesehatan dan 70,4 subjek mengalami depresi minimal dengan rerata skor Beck Depression Inventory BDI adalah 11,31 9,32. Proporsi penyandang DMT1 usia transisi yang mencapai target HbA1c pada adalah sebesar 20,4 . Analisis bivariat dan multivariat menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara usia p=0,639 , frekuensi PGDM p=0,170 , status depresi p=0,069 , dan asuransi kesehatan p=1,000 dengan pencapaian target HbA1C pada populasi ini. Simpulan: Proporsi pencapaian target HbA1c pada pasien DMT1 usia transisi cukup rendah. Pada penelitian ini usia, frekuensi PGDM, depresi dan cakupan asuransi kesehatan tidak berhubungan dengan tercapainya target HbA1c.

---

Backgrounds: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus T1DM is a chronic disease that requires transfer from pediatric to adult clinic. This group of population who underwent a transfer period experience poor blood glucose control and an increased risk of hospitalization, yet factors contributing to HbA1c target achievement in T1DM adolescent and young person is known.

Objective: To Obtain a profile of HbA1c target achievement and factors correlate to it in adolescent and young person with T1DM.

Methods: It is a cross sectional study including of 108 adolescent and young adults with T1DM, with ranges of age between 16 to 30 years old. Subject's characteristics, frequency of Self Monitoring Blood Glucose SMBG , depression and health insurance data are obtained from anamnesis. HbA1c level is examined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC method. The correlation between factors related to HbA1c was analysed bivariate with chi square and multivariate with logistic regression.

Results: Out of 108 subjects recruited in this study the median age is 20,89 SB 4,87 years old and HbA1C 9,02 SB 2,13 . Around 58,35 subject do the SMBG le 60 times month, 88 subject have health insurance, the mean Beck Depression Inventory BDI score is 11,31 9,32 in which 70,4 had minimal depression. HbA1c target achievement is 20,4 . Bivariate and multivariate analysis result in no significantly difference between age p 0,639 , SMBG frequency p 0,170 , depression p 0,069 , health insurance p 1,000 and HbA1c target achievement in adolescent and young person with T1DM.

Conclusions: The proportion of HbA1c target achievement in adolescent and young person with T1DM quite low. This study showed no statistically significant correlation between age, SMBG frequency, depression, health insurance and HbA1c target achievement in adolescent and young person with T1DM. "

"Pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 berisiko tinggi mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif yang dapat berkembang menjadi penyakit Alzheimer dan memperburuk manajemen mandiri pasien, termasuk manajemen pengobatan mandiri. Akan tetapi, tenaga kesehatan di pelayanan kesehatan primer tidak rutin melakukan pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif. Selain itu, belum diketahui faktor lain yang memengaruhi penurunan fungsi kognitif. Maka dari itu, diperlukan analisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi fungsi kognitif pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 agar menjadi dasar dalam pengambilan langkah tindak lanjut yang tepat. Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan untuk menilai prevalensi penurunan fungsi kognitif pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi fungsi kognitif pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu Jakarta Selatan. Sebanyak 101 subjek penelitian diperoleh menggunakan metode consecutive sampling. Data diperoleh melalui observasi rekam medis, wawancara, dan pengukuran langsung. Instrumen asesmen fungsi kognitif yang digunakan adalah The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) yang telah diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia atau MoCA-INA. Subjek penelitian dengan skor MoCA-INA di bawah 26 dinyatakan mengalami penurunan fungsi kognitif. Prevalensi tinggi (81,2%) penurunan fungsi kognitif ditemukan pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu Jakarta Selatan. Pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 memiliki penurunan subdomain fungsi eksekutif atau visuospasial, bahasa, dan memori tunda. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi fungsi kognitif pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Pasar Minggu Jakarta Selatan adalah usia (r=-0,351, p=0,001), waktu tempuh pendidikan (r=0,320, p=0,001), durasi menderita diabetes melitus (r=-0,374, p<0,001), durasi konsumsi metformin (r=-0,405, p<0,001), aktivitas fisik (p=0,005), dan diet (p=0,039).

---

Diabetes mellitus type 2 patients are at high risks of developing cognitive function impairment that can progress to Alzheimer’s disease and impair patients’ self-management, including self-medication management. However, primary care physicians do not routinely assess cognitive function. On the other hand, the other factors affecting cognitive function impairment have not been known. Therefore, analysis of factors affecting cognitive function is needed to take appropriate follow-up steps. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess prevalence of cognitive function impairment among diabetes mellitus type 2 patients at Pasar Minggu Community Health Center, South Jakarta and analyze the affecting factors. A total of 101 study subjects were selected by the consecutive sampling method. Data were obtained by medical record observation, interview, and direct assessment. The instrument used to assess cognitive function was The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) which was translated to Bahasa Indonesia or MoCA-INA. Study subjects with MoCA-INA score below 26 were stated as having cognitive function impairment. A high prevalence (81,2%) of cognitive function impairment was found in diabetes mellitus type 2 patients at Pasar Minggu Community Health Center, South Jakarta. Diabetes mellitus type 2 patients was found to have impairments in executive or visuospatial function, language, and delayed recall subdomains. Factors affecting cognitive function of diabetes mellitus type 2 patients at Pasar Minggu Community Health Center, South Jakarta were age (r=-0,351, p=0,001), years of education (r=0,320, p=0,001) duration of diabetes mellitus (r=-0,374, p<0,001), duration of metformin consumption (p<0,001), physical activity (r=-0,405, p=0,005), and diet (p=0,039)."

"Latar belakang. Pengaruh Diabetes Melitus Tipe-1 (DMT1) terhadap massa dan fungsi ventrikel kiri pada anak masih menjadi perdebatan.Tujuan. Untuk mengetahui gambaran massa dan fungsi ventrikel kiri pada anak DMT1.Metode. Dilakukan penelitian potong lintang dengan membandingkan massa, fungsi diastolik dan sistolik ventrikel kiri 30 anak DMT1 berusia 4 sampai dengan 18 tahun dengan 30 anak sehat sebagai kontrol yang bersesuaian jenis kelamin dan umur. Massa dan fungsi ventrikel kiri diperiksa dengan ekokardiografi.Hasil. Massa ventrikel kiri anak DMT1 lebih besar dari pada anak sehat, perbedaan ini bermakna. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan massa tersebut adalah lama sakit dan tekanan darah. Fungsi diastolik pada anak dengan DMT1 berbeda bermakna dibanding anak sehat. Pola perubahan parameter fungsi diastolik anak DMT1 sesuai dengan gambaran disfungsi diastolik gangguan pola relaksasi. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan perubahan fungsi diastolik pada anak DMT1 adalah lama sakit. Untuk fungsi sistolik tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna.Kesimpulan. Pada anak dengan DMT1 terdapat peningkatan massa ventrikel kiri dan gangguan diastolik pola relaksasi. Perubahan massa jantung dan gangguan fungsi diastolik tersebut berhubungan dengan lama sakit dan tekanan darah.

---

Background. The impact of Diabetes Mellitus type 1 (DMT1) on the left ventricular mass and functions in children remains controversial.

Objective: The aim of the study is to measure the left ventricular mass and function in children with DMT1.

Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the mass and diastolic-systolic function of the left ventricle of 30 children with DMT1 and normal children aged 4 to 18 years that matched in sex and age. The left ventricular mass and diastolic-systolic function was assessed by echocardiography.

Results.Ventricular mass of children with DMT1 were significantly heavier than healthy ones. Factors associated with increased mass were the duration of illness and blood pressure. Diastolic functions in children with DMT1 were significantly different compared to healthy children. The patterns of changes were appropriate with the relaxation pattern of diastolic dysfunction. The factor associated with the change of diastolic parameters is the duration of illness. Significant differences were not found in the systolic function.

Conclusion. In children with DMT1 there was an increase of left ventricular mass and also diastolic dysfunction with the relaxation pattern. Changes in cardiac mass and diastolic dysfunction are associated with duration of illness and blood pressure."

"Latar Belakang: Penyakit tidak menular diketahui menjadi penyebab 41 juta kematian di dunia setiap tahunnya. Diabetes merupakan satu dari empat jenis utama penyakit tidak menular di seluruh dunia. Pada tahun 2018, Kota Depok memiliki prevalensi diabetes melitus sebesar 2,17% dan menjadi kabupaten/kota dengan prevalensi diabetes melitus tertinggi kedua di Jawa Barat. Tujuan: Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diabetes melitus tipe 2 pada penduduk Kota Depok tahun 2023. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Sistem Informasi Penyakit Tidak Menular (SIPTM) Kota Depok tahun 2023 dan dilakukan analisis univariat serta bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Variabel independen terdiri dari faktor sosiodemografis (usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat diabetes keluarga, obesitas, obesitas sentral, dan hipertensi) serta faktor perilaku (merokok, kurang aktivitas fisik, kurang konsumsi sayur buah, konsumsi alkohol, dan konsumsi gula berlebih). Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya prevalensi diabetes melitus tipe 2 sebesar 21,9% pada penduduk Kota Depok tahun 2023. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian diabetes melitus tipe 2 adalah usia > 45 tahun (POR 1,225; 95% CI: 1,197—1,254), jenis kelamin laki-laki (POR 1,379; 95% CI: 1,347— 1,411), memiliki riwayat diabetes keluarga (POR 0,297; 95% CI: 0,267—0,330), obesitas (POR 1,524; 95% CI: 1,487—1,562), obesitas sentral (POR 0,908; 95% CI: 0,886—0,930), hipertensi (POR 0,500; 95% CI: 0,488—0,511), merokok (PR 1,289; 95% CI: 1,244—1,335), kurang aktivitas fisik (POR 1,218; 95% CI: 1,189—1,247), kurang konsumsi sayur buah (POR 0,846; 95% CI: 0,812—0,881), dan konsumsi gula berlebih (POR 1,879; 95% CI: 1,828–1,932). Sedangkan, faktor konsumsi alkohol tidak terbukti memiliki hubungan dengan kejadian diabetes melitus tipe 2. Kesimpulan: Faktor sosiodemografis dan perilaku terbukti memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan kejadian diabetes melitus tipe 2. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pertimbangan untuk pembuatan program pencegahan dan pengendalian diabetes melitus tipe 2 sehingga dapat menurunkan prevalensi diabetes di Kota Depok.

---

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are known to cause 41 million deaths globally each year. Diabetes is one of the four major types of NCDs worldwide. In 2018, the city of Depok had a diabetes mellitus prevalence of 2.17%, making it the second-highest prevalence of diabetes mellitus in West Java. Objective: To identify the factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus among the residents of Depok City in 2023. Methods: This study is a quantitative research with a cross-sectional study design. The data used are secondary data obtained from the Non-Communicable Disease Information System (SIPTM) of Depok City in 2023 and analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square test. Independent variables include sociodemographic factors (age, gender, family history of diabetes, obesity, central obesity, and hypertension) as well as behavioral factors (smoking, lack of physical activity, insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits, alcohol consumption, and excessive sugar consumption). Results: This study showed a prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus of 21.9% among the residents of Depok City in 2023. The factors associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus are age > 45 years (POR 1.225; 95% CI: 1.197—1.254), male gender (POR 1.379; 95% CI: 1.347—1.411), having a family history of diabetes (POR 0.297; 95% CI: 0.267—0.330), obesity (POR 1.524; 95% CI: 1.487—1.562), central obesity (POR 0.908; 95% CI: 0.886—0.930), hypertension (POR 0.500; 95% CI: 0.488—0.511), smoking (POR 1.289; 95% CI: 1.244—1.335), lack of physical activity (POR 1.218; 95% CI: 1.189—1.247), insufficient consumption of vegetables and fruits (PR 0.846; 95% CI: 0.812—0.881), and high sugar consumption (POR 1,879; 95% CI: 1,828–1,932. However, alcohol consumption was not proven to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Sociodemographic and behavioral factors are significantly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study is expected to serve as a consideration for the development of prevention and control programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus to reduce the prevalence of diabetes in Depok City."

"Diabates Melitus tipe 2 adalah gangguan metabolik dikarenakan menurunnya produksi insulin oleh sel ß-pankreas atau tubuh tidak lagi mampu menggunakan insulin secara efektif. Gula darah yang tinggi atau hiperglikemia dapat dikendalikan dengan manajemen diri pada penyandang Diabetes melitus Tipe 2. Manajemen diri penyandang Diabetes melitus Tipe 2 mengalami kesulitan pada masa pandemic COVID-19. Selama pandemi covid-19 penyandang diabetes melitus mengalami penurunan kemampuan dalam melakukan perawatan diri. Studi ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengarui manajemen diri penyandang DM Tipe 2 di masa pandemi COVID-19. Desain penelitian ini merupakan jenis korelasi dengan pendekatan metode cross sectional yang melibatkan 88 orang responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan responden dengan efikasi diri yang cukup pada 58 responden (92,1%) dan efikasi diri yang sangat yakin 17 responden (68,0%). Hasil uji statistik menggunakan uji Chi-Square menunnujukkan adanya hubungan yang significant antara efikasi diri (p-value (0,007), Dukungan Sosial p value (0,010) Sedangkan jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan, lama menderita DM, pengetahuan , kecemasan, tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan dengan Manajemen Diri  p-value  pengetahuan (0,692), kecemasan (1,000), usia (0,116), lama menderita DM (0,743) , pendidikan (0,530) > 0,05. Kemudian didapatkan juga faktor yang paling mempengaruhi mananjemen diri  adalah efikasi diri  dengan nilai odds rasio (OR)=0,224. Peneliti berharap dengan diketahuinya faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi manajemen diri penyandang DM Tipe 2 diharapkan pelayanan keperawatan dapat menentukan intervensi lanjut yang tepat untuk memaksimal kan manajemen diri dimasa pandemi ataupun post pandemi.

---

Diabetes Mellitus type 2 is a metabolic disorder due to decreased insulin production by pancreatic ß-cells or the body is no longer able to use insulin effectively. High blood sugar or hyperglycemia can be controlled by self-management for people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Self-management for people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus experienced difficulties during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the Covid-19 pandemic, people with diabetes mellitus experienced a decrease in their ability to carry out self-care. This study was conducted to analyze what factors influenced the self-management of people with Type 2 DM during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research design is a type of correlation with a cross sectional method approach involving 88 respondents. The results of this study showed that 58 respondents (92.1%) had sufficient self-efficacy and 17 respondents (68.0%) had very confident self-efficacy. Statistical test results using the Chi-Square test showed a significant relationship between self-efficacy (p-value (0.007), social support p-value (0.010) while gender, age, education, duration of diabetes mellitus, knowledge, anxiety, no relationship significant with self-management p-value knowledge (0.692), anxiety (1.000), age (0.116), duration of DM (0.743), education (0.530) > 0.05. Then it was also found that the factor that most influenced self-management was efficacy themselves with an odds ratio (OR) = 0.224. Researchers hope that by knowing the factors that influence self-management of people with Type 2 DM, it is hoped that nursing services can determine appropriate further interventions to maximize self-management during a pandemic or post-pandemic."

"[ABSTRAK Latar Belakang Diabetes melitus DM tipe 1 paling banyak ditemukan pada masa anak dan remaja dengan prevalens sebesar 1 500 anak Hiperglikemia kronik pada diabetes menyebabkan komplikasi pada berbagai organ Komplikasi ini berhubungan dengan kadar HbA1C sebagai faktor yang memengaruhi fungsi kognitif Pasien DM tipe 1 juga dapat mengalami komplikasi hipoglikemia berat sehingga mengakibatkan atrofi neuron di otak Identifikasi dini terhadap risiko gangguan fungsi kognitif penting untuk intervensi klinis dan psikoedukasi terhadap anak Tujuan Mengidentifikasi prevalens anak DM dengan fungsi kognitif di bawah normal di Indonesia dan menganalisis korelasi antara usia awitan DM durasi sakit DM ketoasidosis diabetikum KAD HbA1C dan hipoglikemia berat dengan fungsi kognitif anak DM tipe 1 Metode Penelitian ini merupakan studi yang mempelajari faktor risiko dengan metode potong lintang dilakukan di Jakarta pada Mei sampai dengan Juni 2015 Pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif menggunakan instrumen the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC IV Subyek pada penelitian ini adalah pasien DM tipe 1 yang berusia 5 ndash 18 tahun Analisis statistik dilakukan untuk mencari korelasi antara fungsi kognitif dengan usia awitan durasi sakit kadar HbA1C dan frekuensi kejadian KAD Analisis statistik komparasi dilakukan untuk mencari rerata perbedaan full scale intelligence quotient IQ pasien dengan riwayat hipoglikemia berat dan tidak Hasil Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 58 subyek dengan hasil rerata full scale IQ adalah 100 16 Terdapat 26 subyek dengan full scale IQ di bawah normal Korelasi bermakna secara statistik didapatkan antara fungsi kognitif dengan usia awitan r 0 285 p 0 030 kadar HbA1C r 0 270 p 0 041 dan frekuensi riwayat kejadian KAD r 0 289 p 0 028 Tidak didapatkan korelasi antara durasi sakit dengan full scale IQ dan tidak didapatkan perbedaan full scale IQ antara kelompok dengan riwayat hipoglikemia berat dan kontrol Simpulan Terdapat korelasi negatif antara full scale IQ dengan usia awitan frekuensi KAD dan kadar HbA1C Durasi sakit dan riwayat hipoglikemia berat tidak memengaruhi full scale IQ Kata kunci faktor fungsi kognitif DM tipe 1 ABSTRACT Background Type 1 diabetes is mostly found in childhood and adolescence with prevalence of 1 500 children Chronic hyperglycemia causes complications in organs especially the eyes kidneys nerves blood vessels and heart These complications are associated with HbA1C levels as one of the factors affecting cognitive ability Patients with type 1 diabetes may also experience complications caused by severe hypoglycemia resulting in atrophy of neurons in the brain Early identification to the risk of complication in cognitive ability is important for clinical interventions and psychoeducation Aim To identify the prevalence of diabetic children with under average cognitive ability in Indonesia and to determine the correlation between the age of onset of diabetes duration of illness diabetic ketoacidosis DKA HbA1C severe hypoglycemia and cognitive ability of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus Method This is a cross sectional and risk factors study held in Jakarta from May to June 2015 Assessment of cognitive ability was done with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC IV Subjects in this study were type 1 diabetic patients aged 5 18 years Statistical analysis was performed to find the correlation among cognitive ability and age of onset duration of illness HbA1C levels and frequency of DKA Comparative statistical analysis was performed to find the mean difference in full scale IQ intelligence quotient of patients who had or did not have a history of severe hypoglycemia Result This study had 58 subjects with a mean full scale IQ 100 16 Nineteen percent subjects had full scale IQ under average We found statistically significant correlations between cognitive ability and the age of onset r 0 285 p 0 030 HbA1C levels r 0 270 p 0 041 and the frequency of occurrence DKA history r 0 289 p 0 028 There was no correlation between the duration of illness and full scale IQ There was no full scale IQ difference between groups with a history of severe hypoglycemia and control Conclusion There were negative correlations between full scale IQ and age of onset frequency DKA and HbA1C levels The duration of illness and history of severe hypoglycemia did not affect the full scale IQ Keywords factors cognitive function type 1 diabetes;Background Type 1 diabetes is mostly found in childhood and adolescence with prevalence of 1 500 children Chronic hyperglycemia causes complications in organs especially the eyes kidneys nerves blood vessels and heart These complications are associated with HbA1C levels as one of the factors affecting cognitive ability Patients with type 1 diabetes may also experience complications caused by severe hypoglycemia resulting in atrophy of neurons in the brain Early identification to the risk of complication in cognitive ability is important for clinical interventions and psychoeducation Aim To identify the prevalence of diabetic children with under average cognitive ability in Indonesia and to determine the correlation between the age of onset of diabetes duration of illness diabetic ketoacidosis DKA HbA1C severe hypoglycemia and cognitive ability of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus Method This is a cross sectional and risk factors study held in Jakarta from May to June 2015 Assessment of cognitive ability was done with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC IV Subjects in this study were type 1 diabetic patients aged 5 18 years Statistical analysis was performed to find the correlation among cognitive ability and age of onset duration of illness HbA1C levels and frequency of DKA Comparative statistical analysis was performed to find the mean difference in full scale IQ intelligence quotient of patients who had or did not have a history of severe hypoglycemia Result This study had 58 subjects with a mean full scale IQ 100 16 Nineteen percent subjects had full scale IQ under average We found statistically significant correlations between cognitive ability and the age of onset r 0 285 p 0 030 HbA1C levels r 0 270 p 0 041 and the frequency of occurrence DKA history r 0 289 p 0 028 There was no correlation between the duration of illness and full scale IQ There was no full scale IQ difference between groups with a history of severe hypoglycemia and control Conclusion There were negative correlations between full scale IQ and age of onset frequency DKA and HbA1C levels The duration of illness and history of severe hypoglycemia did not affect the full scale IQ Keywords factors cognitive function type 1 diabetes, Background Type 1 diabetes is mostly found in childhood and adolescence with prevalence of 1 500 children Chronic hyperglycemia causes complications in organs especially the eyes kidneys nerves blood vessels and heart These complications are associated with HbA1C levels as one of the factors affecting cognitive ability Patients with type 1 diabetes may also experience complications caused by severe hypoglycemia resulting in atrophy of neurons in the brain Early identification to the risk of complication in cognitive ability is important for clinical interventions and psychoeducation Aim To identify the prevalence of diabetic children with under average cognitive ability in Indonesia and to determine the correlation between the age of onset of diabetes duration of illness diabetic ketoacidosis DKA HbA1C severe hypoglycemia and cognitive ability of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus Method This is a cross sectional and risk factors study held in Jakarta from May to June 2015 Assessment of cognitive ability was done with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children WISC IV Subjects in this study were type 1 diabetic patients aged 5 18 years Statistical analysis was performed to find the correlation among cognitive ability and age of onset duration of illness HbA1C levels and frequency of DKA Comparative statistical analysis was performed to find the mean difference in full scale IQ intelligence quotient of patients who had or did not have a history of severe hypoglycemia Result This study had 58 subjects with a mean full scale IQ 100 16 Nineteen percent subjects had full scale IQ under average We found statistically significant correlations between cognitive ability and the age of onset r 0 285 p 0 030 HbA1C levels r 0 270 p 0 041 and the frequency of occurrence DKA history r 0 289 p 0 028 There was no correlation between the duration of illness and full scale IQ There was no full scale IQ difference between groups with a history of severe hypoglycemia and control Conclusion There were negative correlations between full scale IQ and age of onset frequency DKA and HbA1C levels The duration of illness and history of severe hypoglycemia did not affect the full scale IQ Keywords factors cognitive function type 1 diabetes]"