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"The fast-growing last decade of strong economic growth of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has played a critical role in Asia-Pacific regionalism and global trade. This book explores the concept of ASEAN law under the normative framework of the new regional economic order. It examines the roadmap of the new ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025 by evaluating the impact of ASEAN trade agreements on domestic legislation on professional services, financial integration, investment disputes and digital trade. More importantly, it sheds light on the legal implications of ASEAN's agreements with China and India and the potential developments of mega-regional trade agreements such as the CPTPP and the RCEP. Hence, the legal analysis and case studies in the book offer a fresh view of Asia-Pacific integration and bridge the gap between academia and practice."

"ABSTRAKDisertasi ini memiliki tujuan (1) mengestimasi hambatan regulasi perdagangan sektor jasa transportasi laut dan udara di ASEAN dan ASEAN?s dialogue partners, dan (2) menganalisis dampak eliminasi hambatan regulasi perdagangan sektor jasa transportasi laut dan udara di ASEAN dan ASEAN?s Dialogue Partners terhadap ekonomi makro dan sektoral.Data panel dari impor jasa transportasi dan GDP negara ASEAN 5 dan ASEAN?s Dialogue Partners berdasarkan GTAP tahun 2005 (versi 6), tahun 2008 (versi 7) dan tahun 2012 (versi 8) digunakan sebagai analisis dalam gravity model. Data comlang_etno, comlang_off dan continent bersumber dari CEPII. GTAP versi 8 dengan asumsi IC-IRTS (model Francois, 1998) digunakan untuk menangkap manfaat yang lebih besar karena adanya eliminasi hambatan regulasi perdagangan sektor jasa transportasi ASEAN dan ASEAN?s Dialogue Partners.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata ekuivalen tarif impor sektor jasa transportasi laut dan udara negara anggota ASEAN 5 dan ASEAN?s Dialogue Partners masih relative tinggi yaitu 0 sampai dengan 20.49 persen. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan walaupun Singapura adalah Negara yang secara tradisional terbuka terhadap perdagangan, namun memiliki hambatan ekuivalen tarif impor yang tinggi untuk jasa transportasi laut dari Philipina dan Indonesia. Rata-rata ekuivalen tarif impor dalam jasa transportasi udara adalah 0 sampai dengan 11.2 persen lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan rata-rata ekuivalen tarif impor dalam jasa transportasi laut. Hal ini menunjukkan hambatan regulasi sektor jasa transportasi laut di negara ASEAN 5 dan ASEAN?s Dialogue Partner lebih tinggi dibandingkan jasa transportasi udara.Sejalan dengan teori efek pro-kompetitif dari kebijakan perdagangan, eliminasi hambatan regulasi pada sektor jasa transportasi laut dan udara pada penelitian ini menunjukkan gain from trade yang lebih besar diperoleh dalam model CGE dengan asumsi IC-IRTS dibandingkan dengan PC-CRTS kecuali Thailand, Philipina, New Zealand dan India. Dengan asumsi IC-IRTS, eliminasi hambatan regulasi sektor jasa transportasi laut dan udara menyebabkan China memperoleh peningkatan kesejahteraan dan PDB yang paling tinggi disusul Jepang dan Australia. Nilai perubahan neraca perdagangan China mengalami surplus yang sangat tinggi. Dengan asumsi IC-IRTS, negara ASEAN 5 yang tingkat kesejahteraannya menduduki posisi tertinggi karena eliminasi hambatan regulasi perdagangan jasa transportasi laut berturut-turut Indonesia, Malaysia dan Singapura. Sedangkan untuk jasa transportasi udara berturut turut Indonesia, Malaysia dan Philipina. Untuk kasus eliminasi hambatan regulasi di sektor jasa transportasi laut, Negara ASEAN yang mengalami surplus neraca perdagangan adalah Malaysia, Singapura, dan Thailand. Indonesia, Thailand serta negara lainnya mengalami defisit. Dampak eliminasi hambatan regulasi perdagangan sektor jasa transportasi laut Indonesia hanya memberikan insentif peningkatan output dan ekspor pada sektor jasa transportasi laut (sea transport); tekstil dan produk tekstil (textile and wearing apparel); perdagangan (trade); dan utility construction. Sedangkan untuk kasus jasa transportasi udara memberikan insentif peningkatan output pada sektor transportasi udara (air transport); tekstil dan produk tekstil (textile and wearing apparel), perdagangan (trade), utility construction; sektor transportasi lainnya (othertransp).Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) ekuivalen tarif impor di sektor jasa transportasi laut dan udara relative lebih tinggi, (2) dengan asumsi IC-IRTS, dampak eliminasi hambatan regulasi di perdagangan sektor jasa transportasi ASEAN dan ASEAN?s Dialogue Partners hanya menyebabkan manfaat yang lebih besar pada sektor dan negara tertentu. Hal tersebut mengimplikasikan perlunya fasilitasi perdagangan di antara negara ASEAN dan ASEAN?s Dialogue Partners. Fasilitasi perdagangan antar Negara anggota ASEAN dan ASEAN?s Dialogue Partners diperlukan untuk mengatasi eksternalitas regulasi (perbedaan regulasi) yang akan mengurangi gain from trade seperti adanya oligopoli internasional di perdagangan jasa transportasi. Salah satu bentuk fasilitasi perdagangan adalah mengoptimalkan fungsi EDI dan ASEAN National Single Windows.

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ABSTRACTThe purposes of this dissertation are (1) to estimate the regulatory barriers to trade in the sea and air transport services sector in ASEAN 5 and ASEAN's dialogue partners, and (2) to analyze the impact of the elimination of regulatory barriers to trade in the sea and air transport services sector in ASEAN 5 and ASEAN's Dialogue Partners on macro and sectoral economic.Panel data of transport services imports and the GDP of the ASEAN 5 and ASEAN's Dialogue Partners countries based on GTAP 2005 (6th version), 2008 (7th version) and 2012 (8th version) is used as an analysis in the gravity models. Comlang_etno, comlang_off and continent data are sourced from CEPII. GTAP 8th version assuming the IC-IRTS (Francois model, 1998) is used to capture greater benefits for elimination of regulatory barriers to trade in transport services sector in ASEAN and ASEAN's Dialogue Partners.The results show that the average of import tariff equivalents of the sea and air transport services sector in the member countries of ASEAN 5 and ASEAN Dialogue Partners is still relatively high at 0 until 20.49 percent. The research also indicates that while Singapore is a country that is traditionally open to trade, but it has higher import tariff equivalent barriers for sea transport services than the Philippines and Indonesia. The average of import tariff equivalent in air transport services is 0 up to 11.2 percent lower than the average of import tariff equivalent in sea transport services. This condition shows that regulatory barriers in sea transport services sector in five ASEAN countries and ASEAN's Dialogue Partners is higher than air transport services.In line with pro-competitive effect theory in trade policy, in this study the elimination of regulatory barriers in the sea and air transport services sector shows that the greater gain from trade is obtained in CGE model assuming IC-IRTS compared to PC-CRTs except Thailand, the Philippines, New Zealand and India. Assuming IC-IRTS, the elimination of regulatory barriers in the sea and air transport services sector causes China obtains highest increasing in welfare and GDP followed by Japan and Australia. Value of changes in China's trade balance has the highest surplus. Assuming IC-IRTS, ASEAN 5 countries that have higher level of welfare because of the elimination of regulatory barriers to trade in sea transport services in consecutive is Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. Whereas for ASEAN 5 countries that have higher level of welfare because of the elimination of regulatory barriers to trade in air transport services consecutive is Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines. For the case of elimination of regulatory barriers in the sea transport services sector, ASEAN countries that have trade balance surplus are Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Indonesia, Thailand and other countries have trade balance deficit. The impact of the elimination of regulatory barriers in trade of sea transport services sector of Indonesia only provides incentives for increased output and exports in the sea transport services sector; textile and wearing apparel; trade); and utility construction. Whereas the impact of the elimination of regulatory barriers in trade of air transport services sector of Indonesia only provides incentives for increased output in air transport sector; textile and wearing apparel, trade, utility construction; othertransp.The conclusions of this study indicate that (1) import tariffs equivalent in the sea and air transport services sector is relatively higher, (2) assuming the IC-IRTS, the impact of the regulatory barriers elimination in the transport services sector trade in ASEAN and ASEAN's Dialogue Partners only leads to greater benefits in certain sectors and countries. This condition implies that the need for trade facilitation between ASEAN countries and ASEAN's Dialogue Partners. Trade facilitation between ASEAN member countries and ASEAN's Dialogue Partners is needed to overcome regulatory differences which will reduce the gain from trade such as the existence of international oligopoly in transport services trade. One form of trade facilitation is optimization of EDI functions and ASEAN National Single Windows "

"Dalam upaya menjaga lingkungan, Uni Eropa memberlakukan peraturan Renewable Energy Directive 2018/2001 (RED II). Gagasan perubahan penggunaan lahan tidak langsung (ILUC), yang membatasi perdagangan minyak sawit mentah (CPO) sementara barang domestik setara lainnya bebas dari pengurangan tersebut, akan menjadi area utama di mana penulis menilai bagaimana RED II diskriminatif terhadap perdagangan Indonesia. dari CPO. Indonesia meminta WTO untuk menyelidiki apakah RED II sesuai dengan komitmen internasional yang digariskan dalam WTO setelah kebijakan ini diumumkan. Penulis akan mengkaji non-diskriminasi berdasarkan hukum WTO, terutama berdasarkan persyaratan Pasal 2.1, 2.2 Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) serta Pasal I:1 dan III:4 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994 bersama dengan kasus hukum WTO terkait. Dengan menggunakan data sekunder dan sumber pustaka, dalam penelitian ini digunakan teknik yuridis-normatif. Kesimpulan dari analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa RED II melanggar kewajiban non-diskriminasi berdasarkan GATT dan TBT karena memperlakukan item yang sebanding secara berbeda, yang menghasilkan perlakuan yang kurang menguntungkan dan kemungkinan persaingan yang tidak merata untuk CPO.

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In an effort to safeguard the environment, the European Union enacted the Renewable Energy Directive 2018/2001 (RED II) regulation. The idea of indirect land use change (ILUC), which restricts trade toward crude palm oil (CPO) while other domestically equivalent goods are free from such reduction, will be the main area in which the authors assess how RED II is discriminatory toward Indonesian trade of CPO. Indonesia asked the WTO to investigate whether RED II complies with the international commitments outlined in the WTO after this policy was announced. The author will examine non-discrimination under WTO law, especially based on the requirements of Articles 2.1, 2.2, of the Technical Barriers to Trade as well as Articles I: 1 and III:4 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994, along with pertinent WTO case law. Using secondary data and library resources, the juridical-normative technique is being used for this research. The conclusion of this analysis demonstrates that RED II does break the non-discrimination duties based on GATT and TBT since it treats comparable items differently, which results in less favorable treatment and uneven possibilities for competition for CPO."

"Terrorism law is as international as it is regionally distinct and as difficult to define as it is essential to address. Given recent pressures to harmonize terrorism laws from international organizations like the United Nations Security Council, the Financial Action Task Force, and the Council of Europe, this book presents readers with an up-to-date assessment of terrorism law across the globe. Covering twenty-two jurisdictions across six continents, the common framework used for each chapter facilitates national comparisons of a range of laws including relevant criminal, administrative, financial, secrecy, and military laws. Recognizing that similar laws may yield different outcomes when transplanted into new contexts, priority of place is given to examples of real-world application. Including a thematic introduction and conclusion, this book will help to establish comparative counter-terrorism law as an emerging discipline crossing the boundaries of domestic and international law."