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"Latar Belakang: Insidensi hiponatremia pada infeksi intrakranial sebesar 30-66%. Hiponatremia dapat memperburuk manifestasi neurologis infeksi intrakranial itu sendiri serta dikaitkan dengan peningkatan morbiditas dan mortalitas.Metode: Penelitian dengan studi potong lintang retrospektif untuk mengetahui karakteristik hiponatremia dan hubungannya dengan keluaran klinis pasien infeksi intrakranial di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) pada April 2019 s/d Oktober 2021. Data dasar diambil dari Indonesian Brain Infection Study (IBIS) kemudian dilengkapi dari rekam medis. Subjek ≥18 tahun dengan diagnosis akhir infeksi intrakranial masuk kriteria inklusi, sedangkan data tidak lengkap dan tidak rawat inap masuk kriteria eksklusi.Hasil: Terdapat 296 subjek dengan mayoritas meningoensefalitis tuberkulosis (51,4%). Hiponatremia pada 66,6% subjek, terbagi menjadi derajat ringan (54%), sedang (24%) dan berat (22%). Hiponatremia banyak terjadi pada HIV positif (59,1%), komorbid penyakit paru (44,9%) dengan keluhan terbanyak sakit kepala (58,1%). Kematian terjadi pada (24,2%) subjek hiponatremia, dimana usia >60 tahun, komorbid, penyakit paru atau ginjal, hiponatremia berat dan status hiponatremia tidak terkoreksi berhubungan dengan kematian (p<0,05).Kesimpulan: Pada infeksi intrakranial, koinfeksi HIV berhubungan dengan kejadian hiponatremia. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan bermakna karakteristik hiponatremia terhadap mortalitas, status fungsional maupun durasi perawatan. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan mortalitas adalah usia, derajat hiponatremia, komorbiditas, dan status koreksi hiponatremia.

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ackground: The incidence of hyponatremia in intracranial infection is 30-66%. Hyponatremia can exacerbate the neurological manifestations of the intracranial infection itself and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.

Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study to determine the characteristics of hyponatremia and its relationship to the clinical outcome of patients with intracranial infections in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) from April 2019 to October 2021. Base data were taken from the Indonesian Brain Infection Study (IBIS) and completed from medical records. Subjects 18 years with a final diagnosis of intracranial infection were included in the inclusion criteria, while incomplete data and no hospitalization were included in the exclusion criteria.

Results: There were 296 subjects with the majority of meningoencephalitis tuberculosis (51.4%). Hyponatremia in 66.6% of subjects was divided into mild (54%), moderate (24%), and severe (22%). Hyponatremia was common in HIV positive (59.1%), comorbid lung disease (44.9%) with headache as a common complaint (58.1%). Mortality occurred in (24.2%) hyponatremic subjects, where age >60 years, comorbidities, pulmonary or renal disease, severe hyponatremia, and uncorrected hyponatremic status were associated with mortality (p<0.05).

Conclusion: In intracranial infection, HIV coinfection is associated with the incidence of hyponatremia. There were no significant differences in the characteristics of hyponatremia on mortality, functional status, and duration of treatment. Factors associated with mortality were age, degree of hyponatremia, comorbidities, and hyponatremia correction status."

"Latar Belakang. Neurosifilis merupakan infeksi susunan saraf akibat invasi bakteri Treponema Pallidum yang dapat menyebabkan kecacatan. Selain itu gejala klinis neurosifilis beragam, tidak khas, bahkan asimtomatik sehingga dapat menyebabkan kesalahan diagnosis yang cukup tinggi. Angka kejadian sifilis di Indonesia masih tinggi bahkan masih terus meningkat. Akan tetapi hingga saat ini belum diketahui prevalensi dan deskripsi neurosifilis di Indonesia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan prevalensi neurosifilis dan perbandingan karakteristik klinis dan penunjang antara neurosifilis dan non-neurosifilis di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo.Metode. Studi potong lintang dengan data rekam medis di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo pada pasien dengan kecurigaan neurosifilis yang dikonsulkan ke neurologi sejak Januari 2019-Januari 2024. Dilakukan evaluasi karakteristik klinis dan penunjang baik profil darah berupa serum maupun cairan serebrospinal (CSS) serta pencitraan otak.Hasil. Dari 100 subjek dengan kecurigaan neurosifilis yang dikonsulkan ke neurologi, terdapat 72 kasus neurosifilis dan 28 kasus non neurosifilis. Pada kelompok neurosifilis keluhan tersering saat dikonsulkan ke neurologi adalah gangguan penglihatan (OR 7,46 [2,83-19,64], p<0,001) dan nyeri kepala (OR 4,43 [1,22-16.14], p= 0,031). Titer RPR serum (median 1:128) dan TPHA serum kelompok neurosifilis (median 1:10240) lebih tinggi dibandingkan non neurosifilis. Kelompok neurosifilis cenderung memiliki jumlah leukosit CSS lebih tinggi (median 7 [1,00-155,0], p<0,001) dan jumlah protein lebih tinggi (median 47 [5,00-612,00], p<0,001) dibandingkan non-neurosifilis. Pada 10 subjek neurosifilis dengan gambaran pencitraan otak abnormal terdapat 3 subjek dengan gambaran space occupying lesion.Kesimpulan. Prevalensi neurosifilis pada pasien sifilis yang dikonsulkan ke neurologi di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo sangat tinggi (72%). Kecurigaan neurosifilis lebih tinggi pada pasien sifilis dengan keluhan gangguan penglihatan atau nyeri kepala dan memiliki kadar limfosit darah yang rendah, dengan titer RPR serum ≥1:128 dan titer TPHA serum ≥1:10.240. Selain itu studi ini juga mendapatkan 10 subjek dengan abnormalitas pencitraan otak, sehingga pada pasien sifilis terutama dengan gejala dan tanda neurologi perlu dipertimbangkan untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan pencitraan otak MRI Kepala.

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Background. Neurosyphilis is an infection of the nervous system caused by the invasion of the bacterium Treponema pallidum, which can lead to disability. Additionally, the clinical symptoms of neurosyphilis are varied, non-specific, and can even be asymptomatic, leading to a high rate of misdiagnosis. The incidence of syphilis in Indonesia remains high and continues to increase. However, to date, the prevalence and description of neurosyphilis in Indonesia are still unknown. This study aims to determine the prevalence of neurosyphilis and to compare the clinical and supporting characteristics between neurosyphilis and non-neurosyphilis patients at the National Central General Hospital Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo.

Methods. A cross-sectional study utilizing medical records at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo will be conducted on patients suspected of having neurosyphilis who were referred to neurology from January 2019 to January 2024. The study will evaluate clinical characteristics and supportive data, including blood profiles (serum), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and brain imaging.

Result. From 100 subjects with suspected neurosyphilis referred to neurology, there were 72 cases of neurosyphilis and 28 cases of non-neurosyphilis. In the neurosyphilis group, the most common complaints at the time of consultation were visual disturbances (OR 7.46 [2.83-19.64], p<0.001) and headaches (OR 4.43 [1.22-16.14], p=0.031). Serum RPR titers (median 1:128) and TPHA titers (median 1:10240) were higher in the neurosyphilis group compared to the non-neurosyphilis group. The neurosyphilis group tended to have higher CSF leukocyte counts (median 7 [1.00-155.0], p<0.001) and higher protein levels (median 47 [5.00-612.00], p<0.001) compared to the non-neurosyphilis group. Among 10 neurosyphilis subjects with abnormal brain imaging, 3 subjects had findings suggestive of a space-occupying lesion

Conclusion. The prevalence of neurosyphilis among syphilis patients referred to neurology at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo is very high (72%). Suspicion of neurosyphilis is higher in syphilis patients presenting with visual disturbances or headaches and having low blood lymphocyte levels, with serum RPR titers ≥1:128 and serum TPHA titers ≥1:10,240. Additionally, this study also identified 10 subjects with abnormalities in brain imaging. Therefore, in syphilis patients, especially those with neurological symptoms and signs, consideration should be given to performing brain MRI imaging."

"Latar Belakang. Sejak laporan pertama ensefalitis antireseptor N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) pada 2007, prevalensi ensefalitis autoimun (EA) serupa dengan ensefalitis infeksi (EI). Sayangnya, heterogenitas klinis EA, serupanya klinis dengan EI, penyakit autoimun seperti neuropsikiatrik lupus eritematosus sistemik, atau penyakit psikiatrik menjadi tantangan deteksi awal dan tatalaksana EA. Keterlambatan berhubungan dengan perburukan luaran, sedangkan kekurang-tepatan menerapi EI sebagai EA dapat mengeksaserbasi infeksi. Studi ini bertujuan mengenali karakteristik EA, khususnya ensefalitis antireseptor NMDA definit sebagai EA tersering, di era keterbatasan ketersediaan penunjang definitif di Indonesia.Metode. Studi kohort retrospektif dengan rekam medis di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dilakukan pada curiga EA yang menjalani pemeriksaan antireseptor NMDA cairan otak sejak Januari 2015-November 2022. Karakteristik klinis dan penunjang EA, EA seropositif NMDA, dan luarannya dinilai. Analisis univariat dan bivariat dilakukan sesuai kebutuhan.Hasil. Dari 102 subjek yang melalui kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terdapat 14 EA seropositif dan 32 seronegatif NMDA. Temuan klinis EA terbanyak adalah gangguan psikiatri dan tidur (85,7%), gangguan kesadaran (78,3%), prodromal (76,1%), dan bangkitan (70,6%). Karakteristik penunjang EA adalah inflamasi sistemik (75,0%), inflamasi cairan otak (69,2%), abnormalitas MRI (57,9%) dominan inflamasi (42,2%), dan abnormalitas EEG (89,5%). Karakteristik klinis EA seropositif NMDA adalah psikosis (76,9% vs 24,1%, p=0,002), delirium (71,4% vs 40,6%, p=0,06), bangkitan (71,4% vs 46,7%, p=0,12), takikardia (55,6% vs 17,6%, p=0,08), dan gangguan otonom lainnya (55,6% vs 23,5%, p=0,19), sedangkan klinis EA seronegatif NMDA adalah somnolen (34,4% vs 7,1%, p=0,07) dan defisit neurologis fokal (31,3% vs 7,1%, p=0,13). Leukositosis dan pleositosis cairan otak dengan dominasi mononuklear secara signifikan lebih ditemukan pada EA seropositif NMDA. Sebanyak 10,9% subjek meninggal.Kesimpulan. Karakteristik klinis EA adalah gangguan psikiatri dan tidur, gangguan kesadaran, prodromal, dan bangkitan. Psikosis, delirium, bangkitan, dan disfungsi otonom cenderung lebih ditemukan pada EA seropositif NMDA. Inflamasi sistemik, cairan otak, MRI, dan abnormalitas EEG sering ditemukan pada EA, terutama seropositif NMDA. 

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Background. Since the first report of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in 2007, the prevalence of autoimmune encephalitis (AE) was similar to infectious encephalitis (IE). Unfortunately, heterogenities of EA as well as similarities in the manifestation to IE, other autoimmune diseases including neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, or psychiatric diseases compromised the early detection and management of EA. This delay correlated with worse outcome whereas the inaccuracy in treting IE as AE may exacerbate infection. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of EA, particularly definitive NMDAR encephalitis as the most common, in the era of limited availability of definitive ancillary test in Indonesia.

Methods. Retrospective study using medical records at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Center General Hospital was conducted for suspected EA cases tested for cerebrospinal fluid NMDAR autoantibody test from January 2015 to November 2022. Clinical, ancillary characteristics, and concordance between clinical diagnosis and diagnostic criteria were assessed. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were perfomed as needed.

Result. Of 102 subjects following inclusion and exclusion criteria, there were 14 seropositive and 32 seronegative NMDA subject. Clinical characterstics of AE were psychiatric and sleep disorder (85,7%), altered consciousness (78.3%), prodromal (76.1%), and seizure (70.6%). Ancillary characteristics of AE were systemic inflammation (75.0%), cerebrospinal fluid inflammation (69.2%), MRI abnormalities (57.9%) with inflammatory predominance (42.2%), and EEG abnormalities (89.5%). Seropositive NMDA characteristics were psychosis (76.9% vs 24.1%, p=0.002), delirium (71.4% vs 40.6%, p=0.06), seizure (71.4% vs 46.7%, p=0.12), tachycardia 955.6% vs 17.6%, p=-0.08), and other autonomic disorder (55.6% vs 23.5% p=0.19) whereas seronegative NMDA characteristics were somnolence (34.4% vs 7.1%, p=0.07) and focal neurologic deficit (31.3% vs 7.1%, p=0.13). Leukocytosis and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis with mononuclear predominance were significantly found in seropositive NMDA AE. The mortality rate was 10.9%.

Conclusion. Clinical characteristics of AE were psychiatric and sleep disorder, altered consciousness, prodromal, and seizure. Psychosis, delirium, seizure, and autonomic dysfunction tended to be found in seropositive NMDA AE. Inflammation in systemic, cerebrospinal fluid, and MRI findings as well as EEG abnormalities commonly occurred in AE, especially seropositive NMDA."

"Latar Belakang: Berdasarkan alat yang digunakan, pendekatan operasi kraniofaringioma terbagi menjadi endoskopik dan mikroskopik. Masing-masing pendekatan memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing sehingga akan memberikan luaran klinis, resektabilitas dan efektifitas pembiayan yang berbeda-beda. Belum diketahui luaran pasca operasi baik pendekatan mikroskopik maupun endoskopik di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo.Tujuan: Mengetahui luaran operasi pasien kraniofaringioma di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo..Metode: Kohort retroprospektif pasien kraniofaringioma yang menjalani pembedahan sejak tahun 2012 hingga tahun 2021 di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia. Pasien dengan masalah ekstrakranial, pasien endoskopi dengan kraniotomi luas dikeluarkan dari penelitian. Dilakukan pengambilan data demografis, luaran klinis dan resektabilitas tumor dan efektifitas pembiayaan. Data dikelompokkan menjadi variabel kategorik dan numerik. Analisa variabel kategorik dan kategorik diolah menggunakan uji Chi-square. Sedangkan variabel kategorik dan numerik diolah menggunakan T-Test. Pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS 25.0. Hasil: Pada 30 subjek penelitian, 22 subjek (73%) menjalani tindakan operasi mikroskopik dan 8 subjek (27%) menjalani tindakan operasi endoskopik. Perdarahan intraoperasi rata-rata pendekatan mikroskopik 445ml (50-1600), sedangkan endoskopik 57ml (20-200). Secara signifikan perdarahan intraoperasi pendekatan endoskopik lebih rendah dibandingkan pendekatan mikroskopik, p < 0,01. Durasi operasi rata-rata pendekatan mikroskopik 3 jam (2-4jam), sedangkan endoskopik 6,6jam (2,5-14jam). Secara signifikan waktu operasi pendekatan endoskopik lebih singkat dibandingkan mikroskopik, p=0,001. Kesimpulan: Pendekatan endoskopik memiliki potensi yang baik untuk dikembangkan sebagai pilihan tatalaksana bedah pasien kraniofaringioma.

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Based on the equipment used, the surgical approach to craniopharyngioma is divided into endoscopic and microscopic. Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages so that it will provide different clinical outcomes, resectability, and cost effectiveness. The postoperative outcome for both microscopic and endoscopic approaches in RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo is unknown.

Objective: Knowing the operative approach outcome of craniopharyngioma patients at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of craniopharyngioma patients undergoing surgery from 2012 to 2021 at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta, Indonesia. Patients with extracranial problems, assisted endoscopic approach were excluded from the study. Demographic data, clinical outcome, and tumor resectability and cost effectiveness were collected. The data are grouped into categorical and numeric variables. The analysis of categorical and categorical variables was processed using the Chi-square test. Meanwhile, categorical and numerical data were processed using T-Test. Data processing using SPSS 25.0.

Results: In 30 study subjects, 22 subjects (73%) underwent microscopic surgery and 8 subjects (27%) underwent endoscopic surgery. Intraoperative bleeding using microscopic approach average 445ml (50-1600), while endoscopic 55ml (20-200). Intraoperative bleeding was significantly lower in the endoscopic approach than the microscopic approach, p<0.01. The average duration of surgery for the microscopic approach is 3 hours (2-4 hours), while the endoscopic approach is 6.6 hours (2.5-14 hours). The operating time for the endoscopic approach was significantly shorter than the microscopic one, p=0.001.

Conclusion: The endoscopic approach has good potential to be developed as a surgical treatment option for craniopharyngioma patients."

"Latar BelakangKanker ginekologi dan infeksi COVID-19 memiliki tingkat insidensi dan mortalitas yang tinggi di Indonesia serta berdampak pada aspek kesehatan, sosial, dan budaya. Kanker ginekologi dan infeksi COVID-19 memicu inflamasi yang dapat mengakibatkan ganguan multi-organ. Pemeriksaan laboratorium dapat digunakan sebagai indikator keparahan untuk menilai inflamasi dan kerusakan organ. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai analisis kakteristik klinis dan hasil laboratorium pasien kanker ginekologi dengan COVID-19.MetodeMetode yang akan digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah deskritif dan analitik dengan pendekatan potong lintang retrospektif.HasilTingkat insidensi pasien kanker ginekologi dengan COVID-19 2020-2022 sebesar 154 per 100.000. Kanker serviks (54,3%) menjadi diagnosis terbanyak diikuti dengan kanker ovarium (28,7%), kanker rahim (14,9%), kanker vulva (1,1%), dan kanker vagina (1,1%). Stadium III (37,2%) menjadi yang terbanyak diikuti stadium IV (26,6%), stadium I (20,2%), stadium II (16%). Karakteristik klinis dan hasil laboratorium yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan stadium kanker adalah obesitas (OR 0,321; CI 0,125-0,826; P value 0,018), neutrofil absolut tinggi (OR 5,006; Cl 95%, 1,307 – 19,176; P value 0,019), ureum tinggi (OR 3,977; Cl 95%, 1,112 – 14,224; P value 0,034), dan platelet to leucocyte ratio (PLR) tinggi (OR 7,379; 95% CI 2,067-26,466; P value 0,002). Karakteristik klinis dan hasil laboratorium yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan derajat keparahan COVID-19 adalah sesak napas (OR 12,364; Cl 95%, 4,148 – 36,848; P value <0.001) dan PLR tinggi (OR 6,787; 95% CI 1,103 - 41,774; P value 0,039).KesimpulanKarakteristik klinis dan hasil laboratorium yang dapat dikaitkan sebagai indikator keparahan berdasarkan stadium kanker ginekologi adalah obesitas, neutrofil absolut tingg, ureum dan PLR tinggi. Karakteristik klinis dan hasil laboratorium yang dapat dikaitkan dengan indikator keparahan berdasarkan derajat keparahan COVID-19 adalah sesak napas dan PLR tinggi.

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Introduction

Gynecologic cancer and COVID-19 infection have high incidence and mortality rates in Indonesia and impact health, social and cultural aspects. Gynecological cancers and COVID-19 infections trigger inflammation that can lead to multi-organ disorders. Laboratory tests can be used as an indicator of severity to assess inflammation and organ damage. Therefore, this study will discuss the analysis of clinical characteristics and laboratory results of gynecological cancer patients with COVID-19.

Method

The method used in this study is descriptive and analytic with a retrospective cross- sectional approach.

Results

The incidence rate of gynecologic cancer patients with COVID-19 2020-2022 was 154 per 100,000. Cervical cancer (54.3%) was the most common diagnosis followed by ovarian cancer (28.7%), uterine cancer (14.9%), vulvar cancer (1.1%), and vaginal cancer (1.1%). Stage III (37.2%) was the most common followed by stage IV (26.6%), stage I (20.2%), stage II (16%). Clinical characteristics and laboratory results that had a significant association with cancer stage were obesity (OR 0,321; CI 0,125-0,826; P value 0,018), high absolute neutrophils (OR 5.006; 95% CI, 1.307-19.176; P value 0.019), high high ureum level (OR 3.977; 95% CI, 1.112-14.224; P value 0.034), and high PLR (OR 7.379; 95% CI 2.067-26.466; P value 0.002). Clinical characteristics and laboratory results that had a significant association with COVID-19 severity were shortness of breath (OR 12.364; Cl 95%, 4.148 - 36.848; P value <0.001) and high PLR (OR 6.787; 95% CI 1.103 - 41.774; P value 0.039).

Conclusion Clinical characteristics and laboratory results associated with gynecologic cancer stage were obesity, high absolute neutrophils, high ureum level, and high PLR. Clinical characteristics and laboratory results associated with COVID-19 severity were shortness of breath and high PLR."

"Latar Belakang: Angka kejadian Tuberkulosis Ekstra Paru (TBEP) lebih tinggi pada pasien dengan infeksi HIV. Pasien TBEP dengan infeksi HIV berisiko mengalami perburukan yang cepat dan angka kematian yang tinggi. Oleh karena nya perlu diketahui karakterisitik klinis setiap jenis TBEP agar dapat mendeteksi HIV dan memulai tatalaksana TBEP lebih dini. Tujuan: Mengetahui pola demografi pasien TBEP dan mengetahui karakteristik klinis TBEP pada pasien HIV positif dan HIV negatif. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari rekam medis pasien TBEP di seluruh RSCM baik rawat jalan maupun rawat inap selama tahun 2008-2012. Semua data dikumpulkan dan diseleksi. Kriteria inklusi penelitian ini adalah pasien TBEP dewasa dan memiliki data rekam medis yang lengkap serta dilakukan pemeriksaan Elisa anti HIV. Data yang terkumpul diolah secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan piranti lunak SPSS. Hasil: Penelitian ini mendapatkan 620 pasien TBEP yang terdiri dari 75,97% dengan HIV positif dan 24,03% dengan HIV negatif. Kelompok usia terbanyak 18-40 tahun. Jenis kelamin pria didapat sebesar 76,6%. Sebagian besar (57,7%) berpendidikan SMA dan sederajatnya dan 46,13% tidak bekerja. Distribusi organ terbanyak pada kelompok HIV positif adalah limfadenitis TB ( 42,59%) dan pada kelompok HIV negatif adalah meningitis TB (36,18%). Gambaran klinis sistemik terbanyak adalah penurunan berat badan, demam lama, dan lemah/lemas. Karakteristik klinis tiap jenis TBEP pada kelompok HIV positif dan HIV negatif pada umumnya serupa dan keluhan terbanyak adalah nyeri. Simpulan : Proporsi TBEP pada pasien HIV positif lebih banyak dari pada HIV negatif. Pola demografi TBEP adalah sebagian besar pria, kelompok usia 18-40 tahun, berpendidikan SMA dan sederajatnya, sudah menikah, dan tidak bekerja. Karakteristik klinis setiap jenis TBEP pada pasien HIV positif dan HIV negatif serupa.

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Background: Prevalence of Extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) increases along with an escalated number of HIV infection. Patients with EPTB with HIV infection are at risk of having rapid deterioration and higher death rate. Therefore, it is important to identify clinical characteristics of each EPTB in both HIV positive and negative patients allowing early EPTB management and thus decreasing its mortality rate.

Objectives: To recognize the demographic pattern of EPTB patients and identify clinical characteristics of EPTB in HIV positive and negative patients.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study that utilized secondary data from medical records of EPTB patients from all units in RSCM, both outpatient and inpatient during a period from 2008 - 2012. Data were gathered and selected. All EPTB patients who had complete medical record and had anti HIV ELISA examined were included in this study. Gathered data were processed descriptively by using SPSS software to be presented.

Result: This study obtained data from 620 EPTB patients consisted of 75,97% with HIV positive and 24,03% with HIV negative. Most patients were in 18 - 40 year-old age group, 70% were male, 57,7% had education at senior high school or equivalent level while 46,13% were unemployed. Distribution of organ involvement in HIV positive were lymphadenitis ( 42,59%) and in HIV negetive were meningitis (36,18%). Systemic clinical presentation were mostly weight loss, prolonged fever, and weakness/fatigue. Clinical characteristics in each EPTB both in HIV positive and negative were generally similar. The most common symptoms were pain.

Conclusion: EPTB proportion in HIV positive patients were higher than in HIV negative. Demographic pattern of EPTB were mostly male, age group 18 - 40 year-old, senior high school or equivalent level and unemployed. Clinical characteristics from each type of EPTB in HIV positive and negative were similar."

"Latar Belakang: Meskipun kontroversial, hospital readmission (HR) dapat mencerminkan keadaan pasien saat dipulangkan dan sebagai indikator untuk mengevaluasi mutu perawatan rumah sakit (RS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui insidensi dan faktor risiko HR pada pasien infeksi intrakranial.Metode Penelitian: Studi kohort retrospektif pasien infeksi intrakranial periode April 2019-November 2021, menggunakan data Indonesian Brain Infection Study dan telusur rekam medis. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square dan Mann Whitney, dilanjutkan dengan analisis multivariat regresi logistik.Hasil: Insidensi HR pasien infeksi intrakranial sebesar 28,45%. Mayoritas subjek mengalami HR sebelum 30 hari (64,7%). Penyebab HR terbanyak adalah penyakit lain yang berbeda dengan diagnosis awal (55,9%). Komorbid penyakit ginjal meningkatkan risiko HR (aOR=7,2, IK 95%=2,2-23,8,p=0,000). Gejala klinis saat perawatan awal berupa kelemahan motorik dan kejang juga meningkatkan risiko HR (aOR=2,27,IK 95%=1,28-4,01, p=0,001) dan (aOR=1,93,IK 95%=1,02-3,62, p=0,037). Sedangkan ketersediaan pelaku rawat dapat menurunkan risiko HR (aOR=0,07,IK 95%=0,03-0,45, p=0,002).Kesimpulan: Insidensi HR pada pasien infeksi intrakranial dalam waktu 6 bulan sebesar 28,45%. Penyakit ginjal, gejala klinis kelemahan motorik dan kejang pada perawatan awal merupakan faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko HR, sedangkan ketersediaan pelaku rawat merupakan faktor yang dapat menurunkan risiko HR. 

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Background: Although controversial, hospital readmission (HR) can reflect the patient's condition at discharge and as an indicator to evaluate the quality of hospital care. This study aims to determine the incidence and risk factors for HR in intracranial infections.

Method: A retrospective cohort study of intracranial infection patients, in period April 2019-November 2021, using secondary data from the Indonesian Brain Infection Study and tracing medical records. Bivariate analysis using Chi Square and Mann Whitney test, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results: The incidence of HR in patients with intracranial infections was 28.45%. The majority of subjects experienced HR before 30 days (64.7%). The most common cause of HR was other diseases that were different from the initial diagnosis (55.9%). Kidney disease comorbidity increased HR risk (aOR=7.2;95%CI=2.2-23.8;p=0.000). Clinical symptoms during initial treatment such as motor weakness and seizures also increased the risk of HR (aOR=2.27;95%CI=1.28-4.01;p=0.001) and (aOR=1.93;95%CI=1.02-3.62;p=0.037). Meanwhile, the availability of caregivers can reduce HR risk (aOR=0.07;CI 95=0.03-0.45;p=0.002).  

Conclusion: The incidence of HR in patients with intracranial infection within 6 months was 28.45%. Kidney disease, motor weakness and seizures are factors that can increase the risk of HR, while the availability of caregivers is a factor that can reduce the risk of HR."

"Latar Belakang. Virchow pada 1851 mendefinisikan kraniosinostosis sebagai penutupan prematur sutura kranialis. Pasien kraniosinostosis tidak hanya mengalami kelainan kalvaria, tetapi juga gangguan lainnya. Hingga saat ini, belum ada evaluasi baku pascaoperasi. Studi ini bertujuan mengajukan metode evaluasi pascaoperasi menggunakan volume otak dari CT Scan dan aspek tumbuh kembang. Metode. Studi bersifat retrospektif menggunakan data rekam medis dan radiologis pasien kraniosinostosis yang dilakukan operasi. Variabel independen mencakup jenis kelamin, usia saat operasi, jenis kraniosinostosis, dan sutura yang terlibat. Variabel dependen mencakup volume otak dan status perkembangan. Hasil. Terdapat delapan pasien memenuhi kriteria. Nilai median usia pasien saat menjalani operasi adalah 9,5 bulan, terdiri dari lima laki-laki (62%) dan tiga perempuan (38%). Seluruh pasien mengalami peningkatan volume otak dengan rentang 0,4% hingga 29%. Terdapat lima pasien (62%) memiliki volume otak sesuai usianya dan tiga pasien lainnya memiliki volume otak yang tidak sesuai usia pascaoperasi. Tiga pasien dengan volume otak tidak normal ditemukan mencapai volume normal pascaoperasi. Tidak ada perubahan tumbuh kembang pascaoperasi. Kesimpulan. Studi ini dapat menjadi referensi bagi studi lainnya untuk mengevaluasi volume otak dan tumbuh kembang pascaoperasi pasien kraniosinostosis. Evaluasi volume otak berdasarkan CT scan dan status tumbuh kembang pasien dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu pilihan standar dalam manajemen kraniosinostosis.

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Background. Craniosynostosis defined by Virchow as premature closure of cranial sutures. These patients not only have abnormal calvaria, but also other disorders. Until now, postoperative evaluation has not been standardized. This study aims to describe postoperative evaluation using brain volume and development aspects of the patients. Methods. This is a retrospective study using records and radiological examinations of patients who underwent surgery. The Independent variables are sex, age of operation, type of craniosynostosis and sutures involved. The dependent variables assessed are brain volume and developmental aspects. Results. This study includes 8 patiens. Age during surgery has median of 9.5 months that consists of 5 male (62%) and 3 female (38%). All patients experienced increased brain volume with changes from 0.4% to 29%. There were 5 patients (62%) with normal brain volume and 3 patients with abnormal brain volume at postoperative control. There were 3 patients that had preoperative abnormal brain volume who achieved normalization. There was no change in developmental aspects postoperatively. Conclusion. This study can be used as reference for assessing brain volume and growth in craniosynostosis. Study of brain volume evaluation based on CT scans and developmental status can be used as standard procedures in management of craniosynostosis."

"Anemia didefinisikan sebagai rendahnya kadar hemoglobin di dalam darah. Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang cukup besar di Indonesia. Dari berbagai etiologi anemia, thalassemia merupakan hemoglobinopati kuantitatif yang diturunkan yang memiliki prevalensi tinggi di negara-negara Asia Tenggara seperti Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status hemoglobin pada pasien thalassemia di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta dan hubungannya dengan usia dan jenis kelamin. Sebanyak 640 hasil pemeriksaan darah lengkap diperoleh dari pasien rawat jalan yang menderita thalassemia dari Pusat thalassemia di RSUPNCM pada bulan Mei 2012. Berdasarkan analisis statistik, ditemukan bahwa hampir seluruh pasien thalassemia yang datang mengalami anemia (638 pasien), dan mayoritas menderita anemia derajat sedang. Ditemukan pula asosiasi antara usia dan derajat anemia ketika membandingkan antara anemia sedang dengan anemia berat. (p = 0.000). Ditemukan pula korelasi negatif (Spearman rho -0.212) antara usia dan kadar hemoglobin (p = 0.000). Namun demikian, tidak ditemukan asosiasi antara jenis kelamin dengan derajat anemia maupun kadar hemoglobin (masing-masing p = 0.196; 0.557). Hasil studi ini memberikan gambaran terkini mengenai status anemia pasien thalassemia dan dapat digunakan dalam memberikan pelayanan terbaik kepada passion thalassemia.

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Anemia, defined as a low level of hemoglobin concentration in the blood, is a major public health problem. Among the many causes of anemia, thalassemia, an inherited quantitative hemoglobinopathy, is one that is highly prevalent in south-east Asian countries such as Indonesia. This study aimed to find out the hemoglobin status of thalassemia patients in RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo, Jakarta and its relationship with age and gender. As many as 640 complete blood count results from outpatients previously diagnosed with thalassemia from the hospital?s Thalassemia Center during May 2012 were obtained for analysis. From statistical analyses, we concluded almost all thalassemia patients were anemic (638 patients), most of which experience moderate anemia.

From statistical testing, there proved to be an association between age and severity of anemia when compared between moderate and severe anemia (p = 0.000). A negative correlation (Spearman?s rho -0.212) was seen between age and hemoglobin level (p = 0.000). Meanwhile, no association was found between gender and severity of anemia or hemoglobin level (p = 0.196; 0.557, respectively). The results of this study provide the most recent information on the current status of anemia among thalassemia patients and can be used in the approach towards thalassemia patients."