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"Salah satu peran sistem imunitas terhadap infeksi M.leprae adalah respons makrofag melalui interaksinya dengan vitamin D dan reseptor vitamin D (RVD). Interaksi vitamin D dengan RVD pada berbagai sel imun akan menstimulasi ekspresi katelisidin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) dan kadar plasma RVD serta hubungannya dengan IB pada pasien kusta. Penelitian ini berupa observasional-analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Sebanyak 28 subjek penelitian (SP) menjalani pemeriksaan slit-skin smear kemudian diagnosis kusta ditegakkan berdasarkan tanda kardinal kusta. Penelitian ini juga menilai kecukupan pajanan matahari menggunakan kuesioner pajanan matahari mingguan. Kadar serum 25(OH)D diperiksa dengan metode chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) dan kadar plasma RVD dilakukan dengan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median kadar serum 25(OH)D adalah 12,68 ng/ml (4,88 – 44,74). Median kadar plasma RVD adalah 1,36 ng/ml (0,26 – 8,04). Berdasarkan analisis regresi multivariat, tidak terdapat hubungan antara IB dengan kadar serum 25(OH)D dan kadar plasma RVD (R square = 0,055). Tedapat korelasi positif kuat antara kadar serum 25(OH)D dengan skor pajanan sinar matahari (r = 0,863; p < 0,001).

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One of many immunity system’s roles against M. leprae infection is macrophage response through its interaction with vitamin D and vitamin D receptor (VDR). The interaction between vitamin D and VDR in various immune cells will stimulate the expression of cathelicidin. The objective is to analyze the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D) and plasma level of VDR as well as their association with IB in leprosy patients. This observational analytic study was performed with cross-sectional design. A total of 28 subjects underwent a slit-skin smear examination and then the diagnosis of leprosy was made based on the cardinal signs. This study also assessed the patient’s sun exposure with weekly sun exposure questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D level was assessed with chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) method and RVD plasma level was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Median serum level of 25(OH)D was 12.68 ng/ml (4.88 – 44.74). Median plasma level of VDR was 1.36 ng/ml (0.26 – 8.04). Based on multivariate regression analysis, there was no significant association between BI and serum level of 25(OH)D and plasma level of VDR (R square = 0.055). There was strong positive correlation between serum level of 25(OH)D and sun exposure score (r = 0.863; p < 0.001)."

"Polimorfisme gen reseptor vitamin D (RVD) merupakan kandidat genetik yang dapat menjelaskan rentannya suatu populasi terhadap tuberkulosis. Namun, hingga kini, sejumlah penelitian yang mencoba membuktikan hal tersebut menunjukkan hasil bervariasi pada berbagai populasi. Studi ini merupakan studi kasus-kontrol yang mengikutsertakan 35 pasien pascatuberkulosis paru (14 laki-laki dan 21 perempuan, median usia 40) serta 35 kontrol serumah (14 laki-laki dan 21 perempuan, median usia 39) yang tinggal di Nusa Tenggara Timur, salah satu provinsi di Indonesia dengan prevalensi tuberkulosis paru yang tinggi. Polimorfisme genetik diperiksa melalui metode polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) dengan menggunakan enzim restriksi BsmI dari sampel darah yang diisolasi dan ditambahkan EDTA. Sebaran frekuensi genotipe BsmI RVD pada kelompok kasus adalah BB=9 (26%), Bb=24 (69%), dan bb=2 (5%) sementara pada kelompok kontrol adalah BB=5 (14%), Bb=25 (72%), dan bb=5 (14%) dengan p=0,232 (OR 2,07, IK 95% 0,62-6,98). Distribusi frekuensi alel pada kelompok kasus adalah B=42 (60%) dan b=28 (40%) sementara pada kelompok kontrol adalah B=35 (50%) dan b=35 (50%). Frekuensi alel varian (alel b) pada penelitian ini adalah 0,45. Distribusi genotipe pada penelitian ini tidak memenuhi persamaan Hardy-Weinberg. Sebagai kesimpulan, penelitian ini tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara polimorfisme gen RVD terhadap kejadian tuberkulosis paru.

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Vitamin D receptor gene (VDR) polymorphism is a genetic candidate which may explain the susceptibility of tuberculosis (TB) in a single population. However, until now, some studies which had tried to prove this showed varied results in different populations. This is a case-control study involving 35 post pulmonary tuberculosis patients (14 males and 21 females, median age 40) and 35 healthy household controls (14 males and 21 females, median age 39) who dwelled in East Nusa Tenggara, one of the provinces in Indonesia with high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis. The genetic polymorphism was examined using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method with BsmI restriction enzyme from EDTA added-isolated blood sample. The distribution of VDR BsmI genotype frequency in case group was BB=9 (26%), Bb=24 (69%), and bb=2 (5%) whereas in control group was BB=5 (14%), Bb=25 (72%), and bb=5 (14%) with p=0.232 (OR 2.07, 95% CI 0.62-6.98). Furthermore, the distribution frequency of allele in case group was B=42 (60%) and b=28 (40%) whereas in control group was B=35 (50%) and b=35 (50%). Frequency of variant allele in this study was 0.45. Genotype distribution in this study did not meet the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. As conclusion, this study did not show any association between VDR gene polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis."

"Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit metabolik yang disebabkan berkurangnya sekresi hormon insulin, menurunnya sensitivitas insulin atau kombinasi keduanya. DM tipe2 merupakan salah satu jenis diabetes melitus yang paling banyak penyandangnya. Defisiensi vitamin D sering dikaitkan dengan kejadian DM tipe 2. Vitamin D merupakan salah satu vitamin yang berpotensi untuk memperbaiki sintesis dan sekresi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai pengaruh suplementasi vitamin D 5.000 IU/hari selama 3 dan 6 bulan terhadap fungsi sel beta pankreas yang dilihat dari penanda antioksidan (SOD), inflamasi (IL-6), PDX-1, HbA1c dan resistensi insulin (HOMA-IR) serta keamanan pemberian vitamin D yang dilihat dari peningkatan kadar 25-(OH)D dan ekspresi VDR.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain double blind randomized controlled trial mengikutsertakan 94 penyandang DM tipe 2 dengan usia 35‒80 tahun di Puskesmas Kecamatan Mampang Jakarta Selatan. Hasil randomisasi terdapat 47 subjek kelompok kontrol dan 47 subjek kelompok vitamin D. Kelompok kontrol mendapatkan plasebo sedangkan kelompok vitamin D mendapatkan plasebo dan vitamin D 5.000 IU selama 6 bulan. Studi dilakukan mulai bulan Januari─Desember 2022. SOD, IL-6, PDX-1, VDR, HbA1c, glukosa darah, insulin puasa, 25-(OH)D, HOMA-IR diperiksa pada awal penelitian, pascasuplementasi 3 dan 6 bulan. Analisis statistik dengan SPSS 20 menggunakan uji ANOVA general linear repeated measurement dan Mann Whitney.Karakteristik subjek penelitian pada kelompok vitamin D dan kelompok kontrol pada awal penelitian menunjukkan kedua kelompok setara baik pada karaktersitik demografis, laboratorium, dan asupan nutrien. Pascasuplementasi vitamin D selama 3 dan 6 bulan terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar 25-(OH)D (p = 0,000), tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna HbA1c dan glukosa darah (p = 0,360 dan p = 0,296) antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok vitamin D. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar insulin pasca suplementasi 3 dan 6 bulan (p = 0,034 dan p = 0,013) serta perbedaan bermakna HOMA-IR pasca suplementasi 3 dan 6 bulan (p = 0,033 dan p = 0,031) antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok vitamin D. Kadar insulin pada kedua kelompok mengalami peningkatan tetapi peningkatan kadar insulin pada kelompok kontrol lebih tinggi. HOMA-IR pada kedua kelompok mengalami peningkatan tetapi peningkatan HOMA-IR pada kelompok kontrol lebih tinggi. Terdapatnya kadar insulin dan HOMA-IR yang lebih rendah pada kelompok vitamin D menunjukkan adanya perbaikan resistensi insulin.Untuk PDX-1 tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pasca suplementasi 3 dan 6 bulan (p = 0,464 dan p = 0,499) antara kelompok kontrol dan kelompok vitamin D. Vitamin D tidak terbukti meningkatkan SOD dan VDR serta tidak terbukti menurunkan IL-6.Simpulan: Suplementasi vitamin D 5.000 IU/hari selama 6 bulan dapat meningkatkan kadar 25-(OH)D dalam batas normal, serta dapat memperbaiki resistensi insulin melalui penurunan HOMA-IR dan penurunan sekresi insulin. Efek terhadap HbA1c, SOD, IL-6, PDX-1, dan VDR tidak terbukti.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease that is caused by reduced insulin secretion, reduced insulin sensitivity, or a combination of the two. Type 2 DM is one of the types of diabetes mellitus with the greatest number of cases. Vitamin D deficiency is frequently associated with the incidence of type 2 DM. Vitamin D is one of the vitamins with the potential to improve insulin synthesis and secretion. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation of vitamin D at 5.000 IU/day for 3 and 6 months on pancreatic beta cell function from the perspective of antioxidant (SOD) and inflammatory (IL-6) markers, PDX-1 expression, HbA1c concentration, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and the safety of vitamin D administration as shown by 25-(OH)D concentration and vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression. This study was a double blind randomized controlled trial involving 94 patients with type 2 DM aged 35‒80 years at Mampang District Public Health Center, South Jakarta. Randomization resulted in 47 subjects in the control group and 47 subjects in the vitamin D group. The control group received placebo whereas the vitamin D group received placebo and vitamin D at 5.000 IU for 6 months. The study was conducted from January‒December 2022. SOD, IL-6, PDX-1, VDR, HbA1c, blood glucose, fasting insulin, 25-(OH)D, and HOMA-IR were determined at baseline and after supplementation for 3 and 6 months. Statistical analysis by SPSS 20 used ANOVA general linear repeated measurement and Mann-Whitney tests. Characteristics of study subjects in the vitamin D and control groups at baseline showed that both groups were similar in demographic characteristics, laboratory measures, and nutrient intake. After supplementation of vitamin D for 3 and 6 months there were significant differences in 25-(OH)D concentration (p = 0.000), but no significant differences in HbA1c and blood glucose (p = 0.360 and p = 0.296) between control and vitamin D groups. There were significant differences in insulin concentration after supplementation for 3 and 6 months (p = 0.034 and p = 0.013) and significant differences in HOMA-IR after supplementation for 3 and 6 months (p = 0.033 and p = 0.031) between control and vitamin D groups. Insulin concentrations increased in both groups but the increase insulin concentrations was higher in the control group. HOMA-IR increased in both groups but the increase in HOMA-IR was higher in the control group. The lower insulin concentrations and decreased HOMA-IR in the vitamin D group indicated improve insulin resistance. With regard to PDX-1 there were no significant differences after supplementation for 3 and 6 months (p = 0.464 and p = 0.499) between control and vitamin D groups. Vitamin D was not proven to increase SOD and VDR, and was not proven to reduce IL-6.

Conclusion: Supplementation of vitamin D at 5.000 IU/day for 6 months was able to increase 25-(OH)D concentration within normal limits and was able to improve insulin resistance through reduction in HOMA-IR and decreased insulin secretion . Effects on HbA1c, SOD, IL-6, PDX-1, and VDR were not proven."

"Prevalensi penyakit kardiovaskuler (PKV) meningkat seiring dengan proses penuaan. Aterosklerosis yang menyebabkan terjadinya inflamasi dan diikuti peningkatan kadar C-reactive protein (CRP). Vitamin D merupakan vitamin yang memiliki efek antiinflamasi dan dapat menurunkan kadar hsCRP. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan desain potong lintang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara kadar vitamin D dengan kadar hsCRP pada usia lanjut (usila). Penelitian dilakukan di Pusat Santunan Keluarga (Pusaka) 12 di Tomang dan Pusaka 39 di Senen pada pertengahan bulan Desember 2012 sampai bulan Januari 2013. Pengambilan subyek dilakukan dengan cara cluster random sampling, dan didapatkan 71 orang subyek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara meliputi data usia, asupan vitamin D dengan metode Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) semikuantitatif serta total skor pajanan sinar matahari mingguan. Pengukuran antropometri untuk menilai status gizi dan pemeriksaan laboratorium yang meliputi kadar vitamin D dan hsCRP. Didapatkan median usia 69 (60-85) tahun dan 80,3% subyek adalah perempuan. Malnutrisi terdapat pada 71,8 % subyek. Asupan vitamin D menunjukkan 98,6% subyek memiliki asupan vitamin D kurang dari Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) Indonesia. Sebanyak 97,2% subyek memiliki skor pajanan sinar matahari rendah. Nilai rerata kadar vitamin D 38,02±12,94 nmol/L dan 78% subyek tergolong defisiensi vitamin D. Nilai median kadar hsCRP 1,5 (0,1-49,6) mg/L, dan 67,6% subyek tergolong risiko PKV sedang dan tinggi. Didapatkan korelasi positif tidak bermakna antara kadar vitamin D serum dengan kadar hsCRP pada usila (r=0,168, p=0,162).

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The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) increases in the elderly. Atherosclerosis is a major cause of CVD which stimulate inflammation and followed by increase production of C-reactive protein (CRP). Vitamin D is a vitamin which has anti-inflammatory effects and may reduce level of hsCRP. The aim of this cross sectional study was to find the correlation between serum vitamin D level and hsCRP in elderly. Data collection was conducted during December 2012 to January 2013 on 2 selected Pusaka, Pusaka 12 (Tomang) and Pusaka 39 (Senen). Subjects were obtained using cluster random sampling method. A total of 71 elderly subjects had met the study criteria. Data were collected through interviews including age, vitamin D intake and weekly score of sunlight exposure. Anthropometry measurements to assess the nutritional status and laboratory examination i.e blood levels of vitamin D and hsCRP. Majority of the subjects were female (80,3%), median age was 69 (60-85) years. Malnutrition was occured in 71.8% of the subjects. Intake of vitamin D showed 98.6% of the subjects were less than recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Majority of the subjects had low score of sunlight exposure (97,2%). Mean of vitamin D levels 38,02±12,94 nmol/L, while 78% the of subjects were categorized as vitamin D deficiency. Median of hsCRP levels 1,5 (0,1-49,6) mg/L, while 67,6% subjects were at moderate and high risk of CVD. No significant correlation was found between serum vitamin D levels and hsCRP levels (r=0,168, p=0,162)."

"Diabetes melitus dapat menyebabkan berbagai komplikasi yang menyebabkan hendaya, salah satunya adalah ulkus kaki diabetikum (UKD). Kadar vitamin D diketahui berhubungan dengan penyembuhan luka dan resistensi insulin. Penelitian potong lintang ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hubungan antara kadar vitamin D serum dan derajat keparahan UKD. Tiga puluh pasien UKD dengan nilai ankle brachial index normal dikelompokkan sesuai derajat keparahannya sesuai klasifikasi Wagner diikutkan dalam studi ini. Kadar vitamin D serum diperiksa menggunakan metode immunoassay. Hubungan antara kedua variabel dianalisis. Pasien terdiri dari 18 orang laki-laki (60%) dan 12 orang perempuan (40%) dengan rerata usia 57 tahun. Rerata kadar vitamin D serum adalah 10,58 ng/mL. Korelasi kuat ditemukan antara kadar vitamin D serum dan derajat keparahan UKD (p<0,001, r=0,901). Pemeriksaan penyaring kadar vitamin D serum pada pasien UKD menunjukkan hasil yang rendah dan berkorelasi kuat dengan derajat keparahan UKD

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Diabetes mellitus can cause various disabilitating complications including diabetic foot ulcer (DFU). Vitamin D levels are known to be correlated with wound healing and insulin resistance. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the correlation between serum level of vitamin D and the severity degree of DFU. Thirty DFU patients with normal ankle brachial index, grouped into degrees according to the Wagner classification, were included in this study. Their serum level of vitamin D were examined using the chemiluminescent immunoassay method. Correlation between these two variables was analyzed. Patients were 18 males (60%) and 12 females (40%) with an average age of 57 years. The average serum level of vitamin D was 10.58 ng/mL. Strong correlation was found between serum level of vitamin D and the severity of DFU (p<0.001, r=0.901). Serum level of vitamin D screening in DFU patients were low and were strongly correlated with the degree of DFU."

"Latar Belakang: Stroke iskemik merupakan penyebab kematian terbanyak kedua dan penyebab utama disabilitas di seluruh dunia. Beberapa faktor risiko yang sudah diketahui diantaranya pola hidup, penyakit komorbid, usia, jenis kelamin, dan ras. Namun, kadar serum vitamin D yang kurang ternyata juga dikaitkan dengan penyakit neurodegeneratif, serta luaran klinis yang lebih buruk. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui korelasi kadar serum vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan pada stroke iskemik yang dinilai berdasarkan NIHSS. Pada penelitian ini juga akan menilai asupan vitamin D serta pajanan sinar matahari.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang pada pasien stroke iskemik di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Universitas Indonesia. Karakteristik subjek penelitian berupa usia, jenis kelamin, faktor risiko, penyakit komorbid dengan komplikasi, asupan protein, asupan lemak, asupan vitamin D, pajanan sinar matahari, kadar serum vitamin D, serta derajat keparahan. Dilakukan analisis korelasi kadar serum vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan berdasarkan NIHSS.Hasil: Terdapat 59 subjek dengan diagnosis stroke iskemik dengan rerata usia 63 tahun dan mayoritas laki-laki (62,7%). Faktor risiko terbanyak adalah hipertensi (83,1%), berat badan lebih dan obesitas (64,4%), merokok (57,6%), dan diabetes melitus (42,4%). Penyakit komorbid dengan komplikasi tersering yang ditemukan adalah gangguan jantung (35,6%). Sebanyak 79,7% subjek penelitian memiliki asupan protein yang kurang, sedangkan asupan lemak seluruhnya tergolong cukup. Sebagian besar (52,5%) subjek penelitian memiliki status asupan vitamin D kurang, 5 orang mengonsumsi suplementasi vitamin D secara rutin, derajat pajanan sinar matahari rendah (89,8%). Sebanyak 59,3% memiliki status kadar serum vitamin D defisiensi dengan derajat keparahan terbanyak adalah skor NIHSS 5-15 (76,3%). Terdapat korelasi antara asupan vitamin D dengan derajat keparahan stroke iskemik (r -0,307, p 0,018).Kesimpulan: Kadar serum vitamin D memiliki korelasi dengan derajat keparahan stroke iskemik (r -0,469, p <0,001). Kadar serum vitamin D yang kurang berbanding terbalik dengan skor NIHSS yang didapatkan pada penderita stroke iskemik onset akut.

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Background: Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Some of the known risk factors include lifestyle, comorbid diseases, age, gender, and race. However, deficient serum vitamin D levels are also associated with neurodegenerative diseases, as well as worse clinical outcomes. This study was conducted to determine the correlation of serum vitamin D levels with severity in ischemic stroke as assessed by the NIHSS. This study will also assess vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure.

Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study on ischemic stroke patients at RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo and University of Indonesia Hospital. Characteristics of the study subjects included age, gender, risk factors, comorbid diseases with complications, protein intake, fat intake, vitamin D intake, sun exposure, serum vitamin D levels, and severity. Correlation analysis of serum vitamin D levels with severity based on NIHSS was conducted.

Results: There were 59 subjects with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke with an average age of 63 years and the majority were male (62.7%). The most common risk factors were hypertension (83.1%), overweight and obesity (64.4%), smoking (57.6%), and diabetes mellitus (42.4%). Comorbid disease with the most common complication found were cardiac disorders (35.6%). A total of 79.7% of the study subjects had insufficient protein intake, while the fat intake was entirely considered adequate. Most (52.5%) of the study subjects had deficient vitamin D intake status, 5 people took vitamin D supplementation regularly, the degree of sun exposure was low (89.8%). A total of 59.3% had vitamin D deficiency serum level status with the most severity being NIHSS score 5-15 (76.3%). There was a correlation between vitamin D intake and ischemic stroke severity (r -0,307, p 0,018).

Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels have a correlation with ischemic stroke severity (r -0,469, p <0,001). Insufficient serum vitamin D levels are inversely proportional to the NIHSS score obtained in patients with acute onset ischemic stroke."

"Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 merupakan penyakit metabolik kronik progresif dengan sebagian besar populasi berada pada usia produktif. Di Indonesia, capaian kendali glikemik yang optimal hanya didapatkan pada 20-30% pasien. Hal ini meningkatkan risiko komplikasi muskuloskeletal seperti sarkopenia yang sudah mulai terjadi sejak usia 20 tahun. Vitamin D merupakan salah satu suplementasi nutrisi yang direkomendasikan dalam tata laksana sarkopenia.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara vitamin D dengan sarkopenia pada populasi DM tipe 2 usia dewasa nongeriatri.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan populasi DM tipe 2 berusia 18-59 tahun yang berobat di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM), Jakarta, Indonesia pada bulan Januari 2021 sampai dengan April 2022. Dilakukan pengukuran massa otot dengan bioimpedance analysis (BIA), kekuatan genggam tangan, kecepatan berjalan, antropometri, serta kadar HbA1c dan vitamin D serum. Titik potong vitamin D ditentukan berdasarkan kurva receiver-operating characteristic (ROC).

Hasil: Dari 99 subjek, 38,4% mengalami sarkopenia, yang terdiri dari 94,7% possible sarcopenia dan 5,3% true sarcopenia. Kadar vitamin D di bawah 32 ng/mL didapatkan pada 78,9% kelompok sarkopenia. Berdasarkan analisis multivariat, prevalensi sarkopenia pada populasi DM tipe 2 dengan defisiensi vitamin D didapatkan 1,94 kali lebih tinggi (p=0,043) dibandingkan dengan populasi DM tipe 2 tanpa defisiensi vitamin D, setelah dilakukan penyesuaian dengan usia, jenis kelamin, HbA1c, dan obesitas.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara kadar vitamin D dengan sarkopenia pada populasi DM tipe 2 usia dewasa nongeriatri, setelah penyesuaian dengan faktor usia, jenis kelamin, HbA1c, dan obesitas.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive metabolic disease with most of the population being at productive age. In Indonesia, optimal glycemic control is only achieved in 20-30% of patients which increases the risk of musculoskeletal complications such as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia has been known to develop since the age of 20. Vitamin D is one of the recommended nutritional supplementations in the management of sarcopenia.

Aim: We aimed to determine the association between serum vitamin D and sarcopenia in nongeriatric adults with T2DM.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 18-59 years old T2DM outpatients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia between January 2021 and April 2022. We performed muscle mass measurement using bioimpedance analysis (BIA), handgrip strength, gait speed, anthropometrics, as well as serum vitamin D and HbA1c levels. The cut-off Vitamin D level was determined using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results: A total of 99 subjects were analyzed of which 38.4% had sarcopenia. The proportion of possible sarcopenia was 94.7% and true sarcopenia 5.3%. Vitamin D level below 32 ng/mL was found in 78.9% of the sarcopenia group. Based on multivariate analysis, the prevalence of sarcopenia in the T2DM population with vitamin D deficiency was found to be 1.94 times higher (p=0.043) compared to the T2DM population without vitamin D deficiency, after adjusting for age, sex, HbA1c, and obesity.

Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between vitamin D levels and sarcopenia in nongeriatric adults with T2DM, after adjusting for age, sex, HbA1c, and obesity."