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"Pemantauan pertumbuhan pada bayi usia di bawah dua tahun (baduta) tidak dapat terlaksana secara maksimal ketika adanya pandemi Covid-19. Hal ini mengakibatkan permasalahan gizi di Indonesia menjadi semakin mengkhawatirkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran status pertumbuhan anak usia 6 – 23 bulan di Jakarta Utara dan Jakarta Pusat pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pengambilan data langsung pada 237 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling dan multiple stage cluster random sampling. Kuesioner penelitian mencakup data karakteristik anak dan demografi ibu. Analisis data menggunakan uji univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 81,4% baduta memiliki berat badan normal, 89% baduta memiliki panjang badan normal, dan 75,9% baduta memiliki gizi baik. Teridentifikasi pula kejadian growth faltering sebesar 48,1%. Melalui temuan ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum baduta memiliki status gizi normal, namun hampir sebagian mengalami growth faltering. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi dasar untuk melakukan intervensi segera agar baduta growth faltering dapat mengejar periode catch-up.

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Growth monitoring in children under-two-years old is not carried out optimally during the existence of Covid-19 pandemic. This causes nutritional problems in Indonesia are increasingly worrisome. This study aims to describe the growth status of children aged 6 – 23 months in North Jakarta and Central Jakarta during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study uses a descriptive method with direct data collection on 237 respondents who were selected using consecutive sampling and multiple stage cluster random sampling techniques. The research questionnaire includes data on child characteristics and maternal demographics. Data analysis uses univariate tests. The results showed that 81,4% of children under-two-years have normal weight, 89% of children under-two-years have normal body length, and 75,9% of children under-two-years have good nutrition. It was also identified that the incidence of growth faltering was 48,1%. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that in general children under-two-years have normal nutritional status, but almost half of them experienced growth faltering. This research is expected to be the basis for immediate intervention so that growth faltering of children under-two-years can enters the catch-up period."

"Tesis ini bertujuan menjawab hipotcsis tentang makin melebamya disparitas regional karena pcrbcdaan pcncrapan kebijakan pembangunan dan cenderung bersifat Jawa sentris. lsu ini selalu mengemuka dalam diskusi tentang pcmbangunan ekonomi regional baik dalam era desentraliasasi maupun era-era sebclumnya. Tesis ini mencoba mencermati faktor-faktor yang dapat mendorong konvergensi antar propinsi sclama kumn waktu 20 tahun Iebih (1985-2006). Dengan menggunakan analisis konvergensi bersyarat B berdasarkan data panel selama 1985-2006 ditemukan bahwa telah tcrjadi konvergensi antar propinsi di Indonesia dengan kecepatan konvergensi sebesar 2,68 persen. Dengan demikian, waktu yang diperlukan untuk mencapai setengah dari kondisi sreaajz .srarc (half time) selama 26 tahun. Selama pcriode ini andil investasi, sumbangan sektor lndustri dan Pcrtanian memegang pcran panting dalam rnendorong konvergcnsi. Pengamatan kecepatan konvergcnsi untuk rentang waktu yang lebih pendck memberikan hasil kecepatan konvcrgensi yang berbeda antara periode 1985-|995 dan 1995-2006 dengan kecepatan konvergensi masing-masing 2,02 persen dan 1,96 persen. Gejala deindustrialisasi yang teljadi selama 1995-2006 diduga menjadi penycbab rendahnya kecepatan konvergensi pada periode tersebut. Perbandingan tingkat konvergensi antara masa sebclum pcmberlakuan otonomi daerah (l985-2000) dan pasca otonomi (2001-2006) menghasilkan Iaju konvergensi sebesar 3,30 persen berbanding 1,06 persen. Kedua periode pengarhatan tersebut mcmiliki sumber-sumber perturnbuhan pendapatan perkapitu yang berbeda.

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The thesis aim to examine the hypothesis that regional disparities tend to persist because there are differences of implementing regional policy in economic development. This issues has become a crucial topic in economic regional analysis both betbre decentralization implementation and atter. This thesis investigate the determinant factors of provincial convergence over 20 years (since |985 to 2006). Using [3-conditional convergence analysis based on panel data, we found that speed of income percapita convergence by 2,6 percent with halfltime to reached steady state condition by 26 years. In this period, share of investment that represented by domestic fixed capital fomtation, share of agriculture sector and manufacture industry have important role to converging intcrprovincial income percapita in Indonesia. Investigation the convergence for shorter time period present speed of convergence by 2,02 percent and l,96 percent for |985-1995 and 1995-2006 period respectively. The phenomenon of deindustrialization that happened for 1995-2006 reduce the speed of convergence. Comparing of convergence for before (l985-2000) and post decentralization (2001-2006) get the speed of convergence by 3,30 percent and 1,06 percent, respectively. There are different determinants of source of income percapita growth for those periods."

"Menurut data WHO 2018, angka kejadian stunted mencapai 21,9% yang berarti sekitar 140 juta anak di dunia mengalami kejadian stunted. Prevalensi stunted di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 mencapai 30,8%. Artinya, kejadian stunted diderita oleh sekitar 7,3 juta anak Indonesia. Pandemi Covid 19 yang terjadi sejak 2020 menyebabkan banyak perubahan pola kondisi sosial ekonomi pada masyarakat, yang tentu saja mempengaruhi kemampuan orang tua menyediakan makanan yang bergizi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan asupan nutrisi anak. Jika kecukupan zat gizi inadekuat, proses metabolisme tubuh dapat terganggu dan akan menyebabkan terhambatnya proses pembentukan sel atau jaringan dalam tubuh yang selanjutnya menjadi stunted. Salah satu nutrisi yang harus tercukupi adalah zat besi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan asupan dan status besi pada anak stunted dan non stunted pada anak usia 24 – 35 bulan pada masa pandemi Covid-19 di Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang komparatif menggunakan data sekunder dari 77 anak usia 24 – 35 bulan di Puskesmas Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur pada bulan September sampai dengan Oktober 2020. Data karakteristik subjek diambil dengan kuesioner. Data asupan zat besi, kalori dan protein didapat dengan metode semikuantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dilakukan pemeriksaan antropometri dan laboratorium untuk kadar hemoglobin, ferritin dan hs–CRP. Analisis bivariat t tidak berpasangan digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar Hb antara anak stunted dan non-stunted, dan uji Mann-Whitney untuk mengetahui perbedaan asupan besi dan kadar ferritin antara anak stunted dan non-stunted, dengan batas kemaknaan p<0,05. Didapatkan perbedaan rerata yang bermakna kadar Hb (9,91±1,93 g/dL kelompok stunted dan 12,18±1,20 g/dL kelompok non-stunted, p<0,001) dan kadar ferritin (4,9 (1,5 - 67,4) μg/L kelompok stunted dan (26,8 (1,6 - 91,1) μg/Lkelompok non-stunted, p<0,001). Asupan besi tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna di antara kedua kelompok (8,85 (1,5 -74) mg kelompok stunted dan 11,1 (1,9 - 118,6) mg kelompok non-stunted, p = 0,676). Hasil analisis menemukan Kadar Hb dan ferritin anak stunted lebih rendah dibandingkan pada anak non-stunted.

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According to WHO 2018 data, the stunted incidence rate reached 21.9%, which means that around 140 million children in the world experienced stunted events. The prevalence of stunted in Indonesia in 2018 reached 30.8%. This means that around 7.3 million Indonesian children are stunted. Since 2020, the Covid 19 pandemi has caused many changes in the pattern of socioeconomic conditions in society, which, of course, affects parents' ability to provide nutritious food to meet the nutritional needs of their children. If nutrients are insufficient, the body's metabolic processes will be disrupted, and the process of forming cells or tissues in the body will be inhibited, causing growth to be stunted. Iron is one of the nutrients that must be met. The goal of this study was to see if there were any differences in iron intake and status between stunted and non-stunted children aged 24-35 months during the Covid-19 pandemi in Jakarta. From September to October 2020, 77 children aged 24-35 months were studied in a cross-sectional comparative study using secondary data at the Kampung Melayu Health Center in East Jakarta. A questionnaire was used to collect data on the subjects' characteristics. Data on iron, calorie and protein intake were taken using the semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire method. Anthropometric and laboratory examinations were performed for hemoglobin, ferritin and hs-CRP levels. Independent sample t-test was used to determine differences in Hb levels between stunted and non-stunted children, and the Mann-Whitney test to determine differences in iron intake and ferritin levels between stunted and non-stunted children, using a significance limit of p < 0.05. There was a significant difference in Hb levels (9.91±1.93 g/dL in the stunted group and 12.18±1.20 g/dL in the non-stunted group, p<0.001) and ferritin levels (4.9 (1.5 - 67.4) μg/L in the stunted group and (26.8 (1.6 -91.1) μg/L in the non-stunted group, p<0.001) There was no significant difference in iron intake between the two groups (8.85 (1.5-74) mg in the stunted group and 11.1 (1.9 - 118.6) mg in the non-stunted group, p = 0.676. The results of the analysis found Hb and ferritin levels in stunted children were lower than in non-stunted children"

"Gangguan tidur pada bayi atau anak merupakan masalah yang sering didapatkan orang tua. Sekitar 20-30 % bayi di dunia mengalami gangguan pada tidurnya. Gangguan tidur pada anak dapat menyebabkan gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak baik dalam aspek fisik, sosial, kognitif, dan perilaku anak. Hal ini penting karena perkembangan dan pertumbuhan memegang peranan penting hingga usia lima tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari prevalensi gangguan tidur dan hubungan antara gangguan tidur dengan perkembangan dan pertumbuhan anak usia usia 6 sampai 36 bulan di Kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan April 2014 hingga Juli 2015 terhadap 62 anak usia 6-36 bulan di Kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara consecutive dan merupakan studi analitik seksi silang. Pengambilan data pada sampel dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner yang telah di uji coba dan BISQ. Hasil analisis bivariate menunjukkan P-value >0,05 yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi gangguan tidur sebanyak 17,7% dari 62 subjek terdiri dari 33 anak laki-laki dan 29 anak perempuan. Dari tingkat pendidikan ayah dan ibu sebagian besar masuk ke dalam kategori menengah dengan 63,4 % dan 59,6%. Sebanyak 59,6 % anak minum ASI pada variabel perilaku anak sebelum tidur dan 38,7 % mengaku biasa saja pada kategori kesulitan menidurkan anak. Pada status gizi dan status perkembangan, 72,7 % anak dikelompokkan ke kategori status gizi normal dan 58% anak dikelompokkan ke kategori status perkembangan sesuai. Setelah dilakukan uji hipotesis Fisher, tidak ditemukan hubungan bermakna secara statistik antara gangguan tidur dengan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan (P>0,05).

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Sleep disorder on kids is a problem that is often faced by parents. Around 20 to 30% babies have sleep disorder worldwide. Sleep disorder can cause disturbance to children?s growth and development. This issue needs to be addressed well, considering this particular age is the golden period that determines the children?s future growth and development. This research aims to seek for the relation between sleep disorder with growth and development on children aged 6 to 36 months in Kampung Melayu, East Jakarta. This research is a cross-sectional study, and the data is taken through anthropometry measurement and filling two sets of questionnaires, general questionnaires regarding growth and development and BISQ. Data is then analyzed in bivariate, which the result shows p value > 0,05. This means that there is no statistically relevant relation between sleep disorder with nutritional status and development.

This study shows that the prevalence of sleep disorder is 17,7% out of 62 subjects, which consist of 33 boys and 29 girls. The education status shows that 63,4% of fathers and 59,6% of mothers are in average category. 59,6% of children are breastfed before sleep and 59,6% of parents don?t undergo significant problems while putting their children to sleep. For the categories of nutritional status and development, 72,7% of children have normal nutritional status and 58% have appropriate development. Through Fisher test, there is no statistically relevant relation between sleep disorder and growth and development (p>0,05)."

"Latar belakang: Dampak malnutrisi seperti stunting, wasting, dan underweight pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan irreversible, namun dapat dicegah dengan makanan pendamping ASI yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan ketercapaian minimum dietary diversity (MDD) dengan status gizi anak usia 6-23 bulan di Jakarta Timur pada pandemi COVID-19 tahun 2020. Metode: Studi cross-sectional ini menggunakan data sekunder penelitian di Jakarta Timur, dengan jumlah sampel 102 subjek berusia 6-23 bulan. Data terkait MDD diperoleh melalui food recall 24 jam yang kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam kuesioner MDD. Data terkait usia, jenis kelamin, tingkat pendidikan ibu, dan pendapatan rumah tangga juga dianalisis dalam penelitian ini. Analisis data dilakukan melalui uji chi square dan regresi logistik menggunakan aplikasi SPSS Statistics versi 25. Hasil: Mayoritas subjek penelitian berusia 12-17 bulan (39,2%) dengan proporsi yang sama antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Sebanyak 52% subjek mencapai MDD pada asupan hari sebelumnya. Stunting merupakan status gizi terbanyak (20,6%) dibandingkan dengan wasting (15,7%) dan underweight (12,7%). Tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara ketercapaian MDD dan status gizi subjek, tetapi jenis kelamin dianggap berhubungan dengan stunting (p=0,003; 95% CI=1,81-19,03) dan underweight (p=0,012; 95% CI =1,54-36,73). Kesimpulan: Dalam menganalisis hubungan kualitas asupan dengan status gizi, aspek lain seperti jumlah asupan juga perlu diperhatikan.

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the 1000 first days of life are irreversible, but could be prevented by giving high quality complementary feeding practice. This study aims to examine the relationship between achievement of minimum dietary diversity (MDD) with nutritional status among children aged 6-23 months in East Jakarta during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Method: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from a research in Kampung Melayu Village, East Jakarta, with a total sampling of 102 subjects aged 6-23 months. Data related to MDD was obtained through a 24-hour food recall, which was then entered into the MDD achievement questionnaire. Data related to age, gender, mother's education level, and household income were also analyzed in this study. Data analysis was carried out through the chi square test and logistic regression using SPSS Statistics application version 25. Result: Majority of subjects in the study were 12-17 months (39.2%) and with an equal proportion between male and female. A total of 52% of subjects achieved MDD on the previous day's food intake. Stunting is the most prevalent nutritional status (20.6%) compared to wasting (15.7%) and underweight (12.7%). No significant relationship was found between the achievement of MDD and the nutritional status of the subjects, but gender was considered to be related to stunting (p=0.003; 95% CI=1.81-19.03) and underweight (p=0.012; 95% CI=1.54-36.73). Conclusion: In analyzing the relationship between the quality of intake and nutritional status, other aspects such as the amount of intake also need to be taken into account."

"Di Indonesia, defisiensi makronutrien (stunting, wasting, dan underweight) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan. Salah satu penyebab dari stunting, wasting, dan underweight adalah kurang beragamnya diet yang dikonsumsi, yang dapat diukur dengan indikator dietary diversity score. Penelitian cross- sectional ini meneliti data sekunder, yang melibatkan sebanyak 85 subjek usia 24—36 bulan di kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur. Riwayat asupan makan didata menggunakan 24-hour recall, yang akan digunakan untuk menghitung dietary diversity score. Status gizi diukur berdasarkan nilai skor Z dari height- for-age, weight-for-age, dan weight-for-height. Pada hasil, didapatkan mayoritas subjek memiliki DDS sedang (54,1%). Prevalensi subjek dengan stunting, underweight, dan wasting, secara berturut-turut adalah 36,5%, 29,4%, dan 7,1%. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara DDS dengan stunting, underweight, ataupun wasting. Melalui analisis multivariat, terdapat dua faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan stunting, yakni jenis kelamin (p=0,025) dan tingkat pendidikan ibu (p=0,047). Sebagai kesimpulan, selain keragaman pangan, terdapat beberapa faktor lain yang memengaruhi status gizi anak, seperti jenis kelamin dan tingkat pendidikan ibu. Oleh sebab itu, pemberian edukasi kepada ibu terhadap diet anak yang sehat dapat menjadi suatu bentuk tindakan pencegahan terhadap undernutrition.

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In Indonesia, macronutrient deficiency (stunting, wasting, and underweight) is still a health problem. One of the causes of stunting, wasting, and underweight is the lack of variety in the diet consumed, which can be measured by an indicator called dietary diversity score. This cross-sectional study examined a secondary data, involving 85 subjects aged 24—36 months in Kampung Melayu sub-district, East Jakarta. Food intake history was recorded using 24-hour recall, which will be used to calculate the dietary diversity score. Nutritional status was measured based on the Z score of height-for-age, weight-for-age, and weight-for- height. As a result, majority of subjects had medium DDS (54.1%). The prevalence of subjects with stunting, underweight, and wasting was 36.5%, 29.4%, and 7.1%, respectively. There is no significant relationship between DDS and stunting, underweight, or wasting. Through multivariate analysis, there were two factors that were significantly associated to stunting, which are gender (p=0.025) and mother's education level (p=0.047). In conclusion, in addition to food diversity, there are many other factors that influence the nutritional status of children, such as gender and maternal education. Therefore, providing education to mothers about a healthy child's diet can be used as a form of preventive action against undernutrition."

"Stunting merefleksikan kondisi kekurangan gizi kronis pada awal kehidupan. Kondisi tersebut dapat diikuti dampak negatif jangka panjang berupa penurunan kapasitas kognitif, rendahnya tingkat kehadiran di sekolah, hingga dapat memicu rendahnya produktivitas dan pendapatan seseorang di masa depan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara praktik pemberian kolostrum, status imunisasi dan faktor lainnya dengan kejadian stunting pada anak usia 6-23 bulan di Jakarta Utara. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2017. Penelitian ini melibatkan sampel sebanyak 210 orang anak usia 6-23 bulan di 11 posyandu terpilih di Jakarta Utara. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui pengukuran panjang badan anak dan wawancara responden. Analisis data yang dilakukan berupa analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dan analisis multivariat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 20 anak mengalami stunting, serta terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara praktik pemberian kolostrum dan status imunisasi dengan kejadian stunting. Praktik pemberian kolostrum ditemukan sebagai faktor dominan kejadian stunting pada penelitian ini. Diperlukan peningkatan frekuensi dan cakupan penyuluhan mengenai praktik gizi dan kesehatan untuk anak usia 6-23 bulan, khususnya kepada masyarakat dengan tingkat pendidikan dan pendapatan yang rendah, dan dengan jumlah anak yang banyak serta diperlukan pemantauan tinggi badan anak secara berkala.

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Stunting reflects chronic malnutrition in early childhood. This condition can be followed by long term negative impacts such as decreased cognitive capacity, low attendance rates in schools, and lead to low productivity and income in the future. The aim of this study is to determine the association between colostrum feeding, immunization status and other factors with stunting among children aged 6 23 months in North Jakarta. Cross sectional was used as the research design. Data was conducted in May 2017. This study enrolled 210 children aged 6 23 months in 11 Posyandu in North Jakarta. Research data obtained through measurement of child length and respondents interview. Data analysis included univariate analysis, bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis.

The results showed that 20 of children had stunting, and there was a significant association between colostrum feeding and immunization status with stunting. Colostrum feeding was found as the dominant factor of stunting in this study. Researcher suggests to increase the frequency and coverage area of nutrition and health practices education, especially for people with low levels of education and income, and large number of children, also to monitor of children aged 6 23 months 39 s length periodically."

"Stunting masih menjadi salah satu masalah gizi balita yang diperhatikan di Indonesia. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan wilayah Jakarta Utara dan Jakarta Pusat yang berada di peringkat kedua dan ketiga tertinggi di DKI Jakarta. Penyakit infeksi yang berulang pada baduta merupakan salah satu faktor determinan stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kejadian sakit pada anak usia 6 – 23 bulan di Jakarta Utara dan Jakarta Pusat di masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian deskriptif ini dilakukan pada 246 responden dengan pengambilan data secara langsung yang dipilih melalui teknik consecutive sampling dan multiple stage cluster random sampling. Kuesioner penelitian mencakup data karakteristik anak, karakteristik ibu, dan riwayat kejadian sakit anak. Hasil penelitian yang dianalisis dengan uji univariat menunjukkan bahwa kejadian penyakit infeksi terbanyak adalah ISPA (64,2%) dengan mayoritas status gizi yang normal. Oleh karena itu, masih diperlukan intervensi yang bertujuan untuk mencegah kejadian sakit infeksi berulang pada baduta sekaligus mencegah terjadinya stunting di Indonesia.

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Stunting is still one of the major nutritional problems of under-five-years children that is considered in Indonesia. This is indicated by the areas of North Jakarta and Central Jakarta which are ranked second and third highest in DKI Jakarta. Recurrent infectious diseases in under-two-years children are one of the determinants of stunting. This study aims to describe the incidence of illness in children aged 6 – 23 months in North Jakarta and Central Jakarta during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive study was conducted on 246 respondents with direct data collection selected through consecutive sampling and multiple stage cluster random sampling. The research questionnaire included data on the characteristics of the child, the mother’s characteristics, and the history of the child's illness. The results of this study which were analyzed by univariate test showed that the highest incidence of infectious diseases was ARI (64.2%) with majority normal nutritional status. Therefore, interventions are still needed that aim to prevent the incidence of recurrent infections in children under two as well as prevent stunting in Indonesia."

"Status gizi merupakan salah satu aspek penting kesehatan dan kesejahteraan seseorang. Sayangnya, di Indonesia, status gizi terutama pada anak masih banyak memiliki masalah. Secara umum, status gizi memiliki hubungan dengan faktor internal, misalnya usia, kondisi fisik, dan infeksi; dan faktor eksternal seperti faktor-faktor sosiodemografi. Selain faktor-faktor di atas, status gizi juga berhubungan dengan perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari hubungan status gizi dengan faktor-faktor sosiodemografi, yaitu usia, pekerjaan orang tua, pendidikan orang tua, status ekonomi, dan besar keluarga, juga dengan perkembangan anak usia 6 sampai 60 bulan di Posyandu Kelurahan Kampung Melayu, Jakarta Timur. Setelah pengambilan data berupa pengukuran status antropometri dan pengisian kuesioner, hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan p-value > 0,05 yang menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara status gizi dengan faktor-faktor sosiodemografi dan perkembangan anak.

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Nutritional status is one of the most important aspects of one?s health and welfare. Unfortunately, nutritional status especially among Indonesian children still faces many problems. In general, nutritional status is related to internal factors, such as age, physical condition, and infection; and external factors such as sociodemographic factors. Other than factors stated above, nutritional status is also closely related to children's development.

This research aims to seek for the relation between nutritional status with sociodemographic factors namely age, parents occupation, parents educational background, economic status, and family structures, also with development status on children aged 6 to 60 months old at Posyandu Kampung Melayu, East Jakarta. Data is taken through antropometry measurement and questionnaire filling, and then analyzed in bivariate which shows results of p-value > 0,05. This means that there is no statistically relevant relation between nutritional status with sociodemographic factors and children's developement."

"Secara umum studi cross sectional ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status gizi dan praktik pemberian makan yang diterima oleh anak usia 0-59 bulan yang tinggal di panti asuhan di Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga panti asuhan yang dikhususkan untuk menampung anak usia balita. Sebanyak 144 anak usia balita di panti dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan hasil studi, sebesar 21.9% anak termasuk dalam kategori gizi kurang, 35.2% pendek, dan 6,5% kurus. Hampir 90% anak yang kebutuhan protein dan vitamin A nya terpenuhi, namun lebih dari 90% anak yang kebutuhan zinc nya tidak terpenuhi. Pada kenyataannya, kandungan gizi pada makanan yang disajikan oleh panti pun tidak memenuhi kebutuhan anak untuk zinc. Penelitian ini menemukan beberapa praktik pemberian makan yang tidak tepat seperti, tipe makanan dan respond pengasuh yang tidak tepat, juga praktik pemberian makan saat anak sakit dan dalam masa pemulihan. 71,5% anak menderita ISPA dan 22,2% menderita diare, sementara 18.8% anak menderita ISPA dan diare. Penelitian ini menemukan beberapa praktik yang tidak tepat seperti dalam hal penanganan makanan, penggunaan botol makanan (bottle feeding), tidak praktik cuci tangan yang tidak dilakukan oleh anak maupun pengasuh ketika menyajikan makanan atau menyuapi anak, serta beberapa hal lain yang dapat memungkinkan terjadinya kontaminasi silang ataupun memudahkan terjadinya penyebaran penyakit menular.

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In general, this cross sectional study aims to explore nutritional status and feeding practice received by orphanage children aged 0-59 months in Jakarta. This study was conducted in three orphanages that are specifically accomodate under five children. Totally, 144 under five children in the orphanages were included in this study. This study found, 21.9% of children were underweight, 35.2% were stunting, and 6.5% were wasting. Almost 90% children had adequate protein and vitamin A, but more than 90% of them had zinc inadequacy. In fact, nutrient content in the food served by orphanage was also not fulfilled child's requirement for zinc.

This study found inappropriate feeding practice received by children, i.e in appropriate food type, inappropriate respond from caregiver during feeding and improper feeding during illness and recovery. 71.5% of children were suffered from ARI, 22.2% suffered from diarrhea and 18.8% children suffered from ARI and diarrhea. This study found some inappropriate practice of food handling such as the use of bottle feeding, hand-washing which was not practiced by children or caregivers when serve food or feeding children, as well as some other things that could allow cross-contamination, or facilitate the spread of infectious diseases."