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"Sebagai upaya penataan regulasi di Indonesia, eksistensi Peraturan Menteri seharusnya dibatasi. Hal ini disebabkan, persentuhan kewenangan pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan dan wewenang pemerintahan yang melekat pada kedudukan Menteri, merefleksikan kebebasan dan ketidakterbatasan penerbitan Peraturan Menteri. Pada muaranya, disharmonisasi dan pertentangan baik secara horizontal maupun vertikal, tidak dapat dihindari. Terlebih, realita hyper regulasi lingkup eksekutif semakin memperlihatkan bahwa Peraturan Menteri adalah yang paling berkontribusi. Sebagai upaya pembatasannya, penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, sejarah, konseptual dan kasus ini terlebih dahulu akan mengkaji kedudukan Peraturan Menteri dalam sistem peraturan perundang-undangan Indonesia, untuk selanjutnya merumuskan gagasan mengenai konsepsi pembatasannya di tengah skema persentuhan dimensi hukum administrasi negara dan sistem peraturan perundang-undangan. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran secara normatif-historis, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sekalipun Indonesia pernah menganut kedua sistem pemerintahan parlementer dan presidensiil baik dalam konstitusi maupun praktiknya, kedudukan Peraturan Menteri dalam sistem peraturan perundang-undangan tetap terlihat sebagai peraturan delegasian bukan otonom, dimana kewenangan pembentukannya tidak bersifat bebas tanpa kendali melainkan terbatas hanya berdasar perintah atau dalam rangka melaksanakan ketentuan peraturan perundangan yang lebih tinggi. Selanjutnya, sebagaimana telah dilakukan identifikasi di tengah skema persentuhan Peraturan Menteri sebagai peraturan perundang-undangan dan peraturan kebijakan, ditemukan adanya titik temu yang mana baik secara formil maupun materiil dapat dirumuskan konsepsi pembatasan dalam pembentukannya. Lebih lanjut, pembatasan eksistensi Peraturan Menteri juga dapat dilakukan dengan memahami makna keterbatasan yang tersirat dalam Pasal 8 ayat (2) UU No. 12 Th. 2011 dan merevisi konstruksi Pasal tersebut, serta melalui upaya pembatasan pendelegasiannya. Pada saat yang sama, secara ideal Presiden selaku pemimpin eksekutif dan pemimpin para menteri-menterinya seharusnya juga berperan aktif mengendalikan dan membatasi eksistensi Peraturan Menteri melalui penguatan skema executive preview dalam wujud harmonisasi rancangan Peraturan Menteri sebagai upaya penataan regulasi dan pencegahan terjadinya hyper regulasi lingkup eksekutif.

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As the regulatory arrangement effort in Indonesia, the existence of Ministerial Regulations should be limited. This is due to the involvement of regulatory authority and governmental authority attached to the position of the Minister, reflects the freedom and limitless authority to form Ministerial Regulations. In the end, disharmony and contradiction, both horizontally and vertically, cannot be avoided. Moreover, the reality of hyper-regulation in the executive scope increasingly shows that Ministerial Regulations are the most contributing. As an effort to limit it, this normative legal research with a statutory, historical, conceptual and case approach will first examine the position of the Ministerial Regulation in the Indonesian statutory system, then formulate ideas regarding the conception of its limitation in the midst of its involvement scheme of state administrative law and statutory system. Based on the results of a normative-historical search, this study finds that even though Indonesia had ever adopted both parliamentary and presidential systems of government in the constitution and in practice, the position of the Ministerial Regulation in the statutory system is still seen as a delegatory regulation not an autonomous, where the authority for its formation is not free without control but limited only by order or in the context of implementing the provisions of higher regulations. Furthermore, as has been identified in the midst of the involvement scheme of the Ministerial Regulation as a statutory regulation and policy regulation, it was found that there were common points where both formally and materially the conception of limitations could be formulated in its formation. Moreover, limiting the existence of a Ministerial Regulation can also be done by understanding the meaning of limitations implied in Article 8 paragraph (2) of Law No. 12 Th. 2011 and revising the construction of the Article, as well as through efforts to limit its delegation. At the same time, ideally the President as the chief executive and the leader of his ministers should also play an active role in controlling and limiting the existence of Ministerial Regulations through strengthening the executive preview scheme in the form of harmonization of the draft of Ministerial Regulations as the regulatory arrangement effort and the prevention of hyper-regulation in the executive scope."

"ABSTRACTRegulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) is a tool for improving the quality of new or modified government regulations. The absence of RIA can result in a regulation being unaccountable, non-transparent, or inconsistent. Moreover, the government will find it difficult to create policies that will benefit economic and social-welfare. In Indonesia's context, the use of RIA is just in the form of a pilot project and unsustainable both in the central andregional governments. Based on empirical research, this paper explored the existing conditions of RIA application by central and regional government in Indonesia. Moreover, this paper also analyzed the perception of the benefits and the challenges in utilizing it.The study found that RIA is still little and not optimally used in the preparation of various regulations in Indonesia both at the central and regional government levels although there are a number of benefits that would be obtained if it were used. This condition has arisen due to the lack of leader commitment, lack of apparatus knowledge of mindset andperception as well as limitations in budget, legal support, and socialization."

"Selama dua dekade terakhir, internet telah menjadi media dalam melakukan kegiatan transaksi ekonomi atau disebut e-commerce. Pelaku ecommerce terdiri dari dalam negeri dan asing. Pelaku e-commerce asing juga tidak terlepas dari kewajiban perpajakan di Indonesia. Keberadaan Permanent Establishment di negara sumber menjadi hal yang sangat penting dalam pemajakan penghasilan para pelaku usaha e-commerce asing. Terdapat kesulitan didalam penentuan Permanent Establishment di era digital ekonomi. Rencana Aksi 1 BEPS masih mengakui Physical Presence sebagai dasar Permanent Establishment. India telah menerapkan Equalisation Levy sebagai wujud rekomendasi Rencana Aksi 1 BEPS. Indonesia dengan melakukan pengujian dapat mengadopsi salah satu opsi model pemajakan e-commerce.

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Over the last two decades, the internet has become a medium in conducting economic transaction activities or called e-commerce. The perpetrator of ecommerce consists of domestic and foreign. Foreign e-commerce actors are also not free from taxation obligations in Indonesia. The existence of Permanent Establishment in the source country has become very important in taxing the income of foreign e-commerce business actors. There are difficulties in determining Permanent Establishment in the digital economy era. Action Plan 1 BEPS still recognizes Physical Presence as the basis of Permanent Establishment. India has applied Equalisation Levy as a form of recommendation of Action Plan 1 BEPS. Indonesia by conducting the test can adopt one of the options of the ecommerce tax model."

"ABSTRAKSejak berlakunya UU No. 12 Tahun 2011 tentang PembentukanPerundang-Undangan.yang menggantikan UU No. 10 Tahun 2004,Peraturan Desa tidak lagi disebutkan secara eksplisit dalam UU No. 12Tahun 2004.Tujuan dari penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui statusperaturan desa setelah berlakunya UU No. 12 Tahun 2011denganmenafsirkan serangkaian pasal 7 ayat (1), 7 ayat (2). 8 ayat (1) dan 8 ayat(2) dan dikombinasikan dengan masa sebelum berlakunyaUU No. 6 Tahun2014 tentang Desa dengan masa setelah berlakunyaUU No. 6 Tahun 2014tentang Desa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis normative denganmenggunakan kajian kepustakaan dan perundang-undangan, disusun secarasistematis dan komprehensif kemudian didapat kesimpulan yangmempunyai relevansi langsung dengan permasalahan terkait yang diteliti.Status Peraturan Desa setelah berlakunya UU No. 12 Tahun 2011 dan jikadikombinasikan dengan masa sebelum berlakunyaUU No. 6 Tahun 2014,maka masih termasuk dalam kategori peraturan perundang-undangan karenapengundangannya dalam Lembaran Derah/Berita Daerah. Sedangkansetelah berlakunya UU No. 6 Tahun 2014 tidak termasuk dalam kategoriperaturan perundang-undangan, karena diundangkan dalam LembaranDesa/BeritaDesa, keberadaannya diakui dan mengikat bagi masyarakat. Jikadikaji dengan teori kewenangan, pembentukan Peraturan Desa inimerupakan kewenangan subdelegasi yang diberikan oleh DPRD kepadaBPD dalam tataran pemerintahan desa. Ketentuan sub delegasi jugadijabarkan dalam pasal 13 UU No. 30 Tahun 2014 tentang AdministrasiPemerintahan.Untuk mengembalikan status peraturan desa masuk dalamkategori peraturan perundang-undangan maka diperlukan revisi pasal 69ayat 11 UU No. 6 tahun 2014 atau dengan mengeluarkan produk hukumberupa Permendagri yang menentukan bahwa PeraturanDesa diundangkandi Lembaran Daerah/Berita Daerah dan pembentukan Peraturan Desa agarlebih ditingkatkan lagi partisipasi masyarakat karena hal ini merupakan halyang sangat penting dalam perwujud dan demokrasi di pemerintahan desa

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ABSTRACTSince the enactment of Law No. 12 Year 2011 on the EstablishmentRegulations Undangan.yang replace Law No. 10 In 2004, the VillageRegulations no longer explicitly mentioned in Law No. 12, 2004. Thepurpose of this study aims to determine the status of village regulationsafter the enactment of Law No. 12 in 2011 to interpret a series of article 7paragraph (1), 7 (2). 8 paragraph (1) and 8 (2) and combined with theperiod prior to the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning the villagewith the period after the enactment of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning thevillage. This research is normative juridical using study literature and law,arranged systematically and comprehensively then be concluded that havedirect relevance to the issues related to the investigation. Regulatory StatusThe village after the enactment of Law No. 12 Year 2011 and whencombined with the period before the enactment of Law No. 6 In 2014, it wasincluded in the category of legislation for enactment in the Gazette ofRegional / Local News. Meanwhile, after the enactment of Law No. 6 Year2014 are not included in the category of legislation, as promulgated in theGazette of the Village / Village News, its existence is recognized andbinding for the community. If assessed by the authority of the theory, theformation of a Village Regulation subdelegasi authority granted byParliament to BPD at the level of village government. Conditionssubdelegasi also spelled out in article 13 of Law No. 30 Year 2014 onGovernment Administration. To restore the status of village regulations inthe category of legislation would require a revision of article 69 paragraph11 of Law No. 6 2014 or by issuing a legal product in the form ofRegulation specifies that the Village Regulations promulgated in theRegional Gazette / Regional News and the establishment of villageregulations that further enhanced community participation because it is avery important point in the realization of democracy in villageadministration."

"This book is a comprehensive economic and legal study of the theoretical and practical aspects of the problems of increasing energy efficiency; self-motivation of energy saving by business entities within the framework of their corporate responsibility; regulatory mechanisms to stimulate energy conservation in the economy; civil-law regulation of foreign trade turnover of energy resources between economic entities of the Russian Federation and companies of member states of international integration associations – the CIS, EEMP, the EU and BRICS. It argues that technological energy saving plays a key role in reducing the energy intensity and increasing the energy efficiency of the economy, and substantiates the need for institutional support – including legal support for the participation of the Russian Federation – in various forms of international cooperation. Lastly, based on an analysis of current legislation, programs and recommendations, judicial and contractual practices, customs and trade procedures, it offers proposals for the developing, improving and unifying civil law regulation of obligations in the sphere of international trade in energy resources, as well as methodological recommendations for drafting foreign trade contracts in the energy sector."

"Most of bylaws consist of penal sanction whether fine or imprisonment. It is very rarely the endeorcement of bylaws proposes administrative sanction. Although most of bylaws relate to administrative matters. Arebylaws not allowed to impose other sanctions, such as administration function."

"ABSTRAKLaporan magang ini membahas kesesuaian proses penerbitan obligasi yang dilakukan oleh DEF Sekuritas dengan proses penerbitan obligasi menurut peraturan dan analisis tentang kinerja PT ABC. Analisis kinerja dilakukan dengan menghitung rasio keuangan untuk melihat kinerja perusahaan tersebut di masa lalu dan prediksi di masa depan untuk menentukan apakah perusahaan tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai tempat yang layak untuk menanamkan investasi. Dari hasil analisis yang dilakukan terhadap PT ABC, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perusahaan ini adalah perusahaan yang layak untuk dijadikan tempat investasi.

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ABSTRACTThis internship report discusses the difference between underwriting process in DEF Sekuritas compared to underwriting process according to the regulation and also discusses PT ABC rsquo s performance. Performance analysis done by calculate financial ratios to measure company rsquo s performance in the past and prediction in the future to determine whether the company is suitable to be categorized as a decent place for invest. The result of analysis that have been done to PT ABC is that PT ABC is a decent place to invest."

"Sebagai pelaksanaan dari ketentuan Pasal 22A UUD NRI Tahun 1945 dan dalam rangka untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat akan peraturan perundang-undangan yang baik, dibentuklah Undang-Undang tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan (UU Pembentukan PUU). Dalam perkembang peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, ditemukan beberapa permasalahan yang timbul dalam pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan yang belum dapat mencerminkan nilai-nilai dari Pancasila dan UUD NRI Tahun 1945, diantaranya yaitu: 1) peraturan perundang-undangan tidak memenuhi kebutuhan dan perkembangan masyarakat, 2) peraturan perundang-undangan yang tidak berfungsi secara efektif dan efisien. Permasalahan lainnya yaitu setelah tahap pengundangan, dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 tentang Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan (UU Pembentukan PUU 2011) bagaimana keberlakuan dari undang-undang tidak diatur secara detail sehingga banyak terdapat hasil temuan produk peraturan pelaksanaan dari undang-undang tidak disusun, ataupun disusun namun bertentangan dengan undang-undangnya sendiri sehingga ketentuan delegasinya tidak sinkron dengan materi muatan yang didelegasikan. Hal ini yang menjadi awal mula dari diusulkannya tahap pemantauan dan peninjauan untuk memantau secara keseluruhan dari awal sampai akhir dan meninjau kembali materi muatan undang-undang apakah dia efektif dan efisien dalam implementasinya sehingga dapat membantu bagi lembaga pelaksana kedaulatan rakyat yaitu DPR dalam menghasilkan produk legislasi yang bisa mencapai tujuan pembangunan nasional. Hal ini yang menjadi latar belakang dimasukannya tahap pemantauan dan peninjauan undang – undang dalam UU Pembentukan PUU. Namun, saat ini pemantauan dan peninjauan UU di Indonesia bukan merupakan siklus dalam pembentukan UU. Dalam Pasal 95A dan 95B UU Pembentukan PUU 2019 tidak terdapat kewajiban bagi DPR RI untuk melakukan pemantauan dan peninjauan setelah dibentuknya sebuah UU.

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As an implementation of the provisions of Article 22A of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and in order to fulfil the needs of society for good laws and regulations, a Law on the Formation of Laws and Regulations was established. In the development of laws and regulations in Indonesia, there are several problems that arise in the formation of laws and regulations that cannot reflect the values of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, including: 1) laws and regulations do not meet the needs and developments of society, 2) laws and regulations that do not function effectively and efficiently. Another problem is that after the enactment stage, Law No. 12/2011 on the Formation of Laws and Regulations does not regulate the enactment of laws in detail so that there are many findings that the products of implementing regulations from laws are not compiled, or are compiled but contradict the laws themselves so that the delegation provisions are not in sync with the delegated content material. This is the beginning of the proposed monitoring and review stage to monitor the whole from start to finish and review the content material of the law whether it is effective and efficient in its implementation so that it can help the implementing institution of people's sovereignty, namely the DPR, in producing legislative products that can achieve national development goals. This is the background to the inclusion of the monitoring and review stage of laws in the PUU Formation Law. However, currently monitoring and reviewing laws in Indonesia is not a cycle in the formation of laws. In Articles 95A and 95B of the 2019 Law on the Formation of Public Laws, there is no obligation for the Indonesian Parliament to conduct monitoring and review after the formation of a law."

"Terdapat beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan Hindia Belanda penting yang masih diberlakukan oleh Republik Indonesia, meskipun peraturan tersebut dibentuk jauh sebelum Republik Indonesia terbentuk. Skripsi ini membahas bagaimana peraturan perundang-undangan Hindia Belanda tersebut diberlakukan, kedudukannya dalam hierarki norma hukum Republik Indonesia, serta implementasi dari keberlakuan peraturan tersebut setelah dibatasi oleh norma hukum Republik Indonesia. Dalam menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan Hindia Belanda tersebut, digunakan metode penelitian yuridis-normatif berdasarkan studi pustaka yang didasarkan pada peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku serta dengan sudut pandang sejarah serta filsafat hukum. Dengan hasil penelitian bahwa peraturan perundang-undangan Hindia Belanda berlaku secara parsial serta setara dengan undang-undang karena terjadi proses pembentukan hukum berupa resepsi dalam aturan peralihan di Undang-Undang Dasar 1945.

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ABSTRACTThere are numerous Netherlands East Indies regulations that are still in use within the Republic of Indonesia’s legal system, even though those regulations are created far before the Republic of Indonesia was born. This research analyzes how those regulations are still considered valid and implemented within the Indonesian legal system. To analyze those Netherlands East Indies regulations, a normative juridical method based on literature studies on valid regulations with legal history and jurisprudence perspectives. With results showing that Netherlands East Indies regulations are still partially used in Indonesia with the same level as parliamentary law because of the reception based law creation process in the transitional clause of Indonesia’s constitution of 1945."

"Terdapat ketidakjelasan pembagian kewenangan pengawasan pemerintah pusat terhadap pembentukan peraturan daerah (Perda) yang dilakukan melalui harmonisai, evaluasi dan/atau fasilitasi. Secara sifat dan tujuan pengawasan tersebut merupakan hal yang sama sehingga dalam pelaksanaannya dapat menyebabkan pengawasan yang dilakukan menjadi tidak efektif. Penelitian yuridis normatif ini, dilakukan dengan pendekatan penelitian terhadap taraf sinkronisasi hukum yang menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur mengenai pembentukan peraturan daerah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, terdapat dualisme rezim pengaturan mengenai pembentukan Perda serta terdapat perbedaan kekuatan mengikat dari harmonisai dengan evaluasi/fasilitasi yang menyebabkan pengawasan yang dilakukan menjadi kurang efektif dan efisien. Selain itu, permasalahan terkait sumber daya Perancang juga menyebabkan rancangan Perda yang disusun masih memiliki kualitas yang rendah. Pengawasan pemerintah pusat terhadap pembentukan Perda sebaiknya dilakukan dengan penguatan pengawassan yang bersifat preventif. Oleh karena itu, untuk mendukung hal tersebut perlu dilakukan penyempurnaan regulasi yang mengatur mengenai pembentukan Perda, khususnya terkait pembagian kewenangan pengawasan pemerintah pusat. Penegasan peran Perancang, serta peningkatan kemampuan Perancang juga menjadi hal strategis terciptanya Perda yang harmonis.

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There is vagueness in the division of authority over the central government's supervision of the regional regulation's formation through harmonization, evaluation, or facilitation. The similarity of the authority's nature and purpose causes ineffectiveness. This normative juridical research analyzes the synchronization between regulations about the formation of regional law. The study discovered that there is a dualism of the regulatory regime regarding the formation of Regional Regulations. It also has found differences in the law binding power of harmonization and evaluation/facilitation causes ineffective and inefficient supervision. Besides that, problems of Perancang's resources also causing the draft of regional regulations to still have low quality. Strengthening preventive control by the central government can create harmonious regional regulations that are in line with higher laws and regulations is the best form of supervision to be carried out for now. So there, it is necessary to refine the regulations about the formation of regional regulations, particularly related to the division of supervisory authority of the central government. The participation of legal drafter (Perancang) and an ability enhancement of legal drafter is also a strategic matter to create a harmonious regional regulation."