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"Otonomi Desa memberikan kesempatan bagi desa untuk mewujudkan pembangunan perdesaan yang lebih maju dan sejahtera. Pembangunan desa menurut beberapa literatur memerlukan pendanaan yang memadai. Di Indonesia, Dana Desa menjadi salah satu pendanaan utama bagi desa sejak tahun 2015. Selain pengaruh besaran Dana Desa, penelitian ini melakukan evaluasi penting pada peranan pimpinan desa dalam optimalisasi pengelolaan Dana Desa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara empiris pengaruh dukungan pendidikan kepala desa dalam pengelolaan Dana Desa terhadap perkembangan status desa di Indonesia. Dengan penggunaan metode regresi linear berganda yang bersifat cross section pada data antara tahun 2018 dan 2020, penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa pengelolaan Dana Desa akan lebih efektif mempengaruhi perkembangan pembangunan desa jika desa mempunyai kepala desa berpendidikan di atas SMA.

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Village Autonomy provides opportunities for villages to realize more advanced and prosperous rural development. According to some literature, village development needs sufficient funds. In Indonesia, Village Fund has become one of the essential funds for villages since 2015. Besides the effect of Village Fund amount, this study evaluates the role of village leaders in optimizing Village Fund management. This study aims to analyze the effect of village head education support in managing the Village Fund on the development of village status in Indonesia empirically. By using the multiple linear regression method that is cross-sectional in the data between 2018 and 2020, this study concludes that the management of the Village Fund will be more effective in influencing the growth of village development if the village has a village head with an education above high school."

"Berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang Desa menuntut Desa untuk lebih mandiri dalam mengelola Pemerintahan dan berbagai sumber daya yang dimiliki, termasuk Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa. Dalam rangka memperkuat kedudukan desa sebagai subjek pembangunan dan meningkatkan status desa, Pemerintah melakukan retribusi ekonomi melalui kucuran dana desa yang berjumlah fantastis. Kepala Desa mempunyai kewenangan yang luas sebagai penguasa pengelola keuangan desa, sehingga sangat rentan terjadinya penyimpangan terhadap penggunaan keuangan Desa. Oleh karena itu, Peneitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pertanggungjawaban kepala desa dalam mengelola keuangan desa khusunya dana desa dan melihat peranan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa dalam mengawasi penggunaan Dana Desa oleh Pemerintah Desa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa banyaknya laporan yang wajib disampaikan oleh kepala desa dan kurangnya pemahaman kepala desa dalam menyusun laporan pertanggungajwaban. Selain itu, peraturan pengelolaan keuangan desa masih terlalu banyak, rumit, tumpang tindih dan sering mengalami perubahan yang tidak diiringi dengan sosialisasi yang memadai. Sehingga, mengakibatkan meningkatnya kasus penyalahgunaan keuangan di tingkat Desa. Adapun peranan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa dalam mengawasi penggunaa Dana Desa di Desa Lancang Kuning belum berjalan dengan efektif dikarenakan kurangnya pembinaan dan pelatihan dari Pemerintah, tidak efektifnya jam kerja BPD, dan tidak terjalinnya komunikasi yang baik antara Pemerintah Desa, BPD dan masyarakat Desa. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normative yang mengkaji rumusan masalah dari sudut padang peraturan perundang-undangan.

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The enactment of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages requires villages to be more independent in managing the Government and various resources owned, including Village Financial Management. In order to strengthen the position of the village as the subject of development and improve the status of the village, the Government made an economic levy through the fantastic disbursement of village funds. The village head has broad authority as the manager of village financial management, making it very vulnerable to deviations from the use of village finances. Therefore, this Research aims to analyze the accountability of village heads in managing village finances especially village funds and see the role of the Village Consultative Body in overseeing the use of Village Funds by the Village Government.

The results of this study indicate that the number of reports that must be submitted by the village head and the lack of understanding of the village head in preparing accountability reports. In addition, village financial management regulations are still too numerous, complicated, overlapping and often undergo changes that are not accompanied by adequate socialization. Thus, resulting in increased cases of financial abuse at the village level. The role of the Village Consultative Body in overseeing the use of Village Funds in Lancang Kuning Village has not been effective because of the lack of guidance and training from the Government, ineffective BPD working hours, and no good communication between the Village Government, BPD and the village community. The method in this study is normative juridical which examines the formulation of the problem from the point of view of the legislation."

"Pemerintah desa memiliki peran yang sangat vital dalam proses pembangunan nasional karena dari lingkup desa pembangunan dapat dimulai. Untuk mendukung pembangunan desa, maka desa diberikan kewenangan untuk mendirikan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes). BUMDes sebagai badan usaha dilingkungan desa diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perekonomian desa dan mensejahterakan masyarakat desa. Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa (UU Desa) tidak menyebutkan secara tegas bentuk badan usaha dari BUMDes sehingga menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan mengenai bentuk badan usaha dan pendirian BUMDes di desa-desa tak terkecuali dialami oleh BUMDes Cipayung yang didirikan oleh Pemerintah Desa Cipayung. Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja (UU Cipta Kerja) merubah beberapa pasal dalam UU Desa diantaranya mengenai BUMDes. Dalam UU Cipta Kerja disebutkan secata tegas BUMDes sebagai badan hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status keuangan BUMDes berdasarkan hukum keuangan publik dan mengetahui status BUMDes Cipayung berdasarkan UU Desa serta implikasi atas berlakunya UU Cipta Kerja. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Berdasarkan data yang di peroleh dan di analisa dapat disimpulkan status keuangan BUMDes termasuk ke dalam hukum keuangan publik yang terpisah dari keuangan pemerintah desa dan dengan berlakunya UU Cipta Kerja maka BUMDes sebagai badan hukum telah diakui secara resmi oleh peraturan perundang-undangan.

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The village government has a very vital role in the national development process because, from the scope of the village, development can be started. To support village development, villages are given the authority to establish Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). BUMDes as a business entity in the village environment is expected to improve the village economy and prosper the village community. Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages (Village Law) that does not explicitly state the form of business entity from BUMDes causing various problems regarding the form of business entities and the establishment of BUMDes in villages, including the Cipayung BUMDes which was established by the Village Government of Cipayung. Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation (Job Creation Law) changes several articles in the Village Law, including those regarding BUMDes. In the Job Creation Law, it is clearly stated that BUMDes is a legal entity. This study aims to determine the financial status of BUMDes based on public finance law and determine the status of Cipayung BUMDes based on the Village Law and the implications of the enactment of the Job Creation Law. The research method used is a normative juridical method using secondary data. Based on the data obtained and analyzed, it can be concluded that the financial status of BUMDes is included in public finances that is separate from village government finances, and with the enactment of the Job Creation Law, BUMDes as a legal entity has been officially recognized by rules of laws."

"Seluruh kelompok masyarakat, tanpa terkecuali, seharusnya dilibatkan di dalam proses perencanaan dan pembangunan di desa. Hal ini disebabkan pelibatan seluruh lapisan masyarakat di dalam proses perencanaan dan pembangunan merupakan suatu bentuk atau ciri dari tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik. Di Desa Salamrejo, ada kelompok penghayat kepercayaan Persatuan Eklasing Budhi Murka (PEBM) yang sudah mengalami eksklusi bertahun-tahun sehingga tidak memiliki akses di dalam proses perencanaan dan pembangunan desa. Desa sebagai unit terkecil di dalam administrasi pemerintahan, seharusnya dapat menjaring dan mendorong partisipasi masyarakat secara langsung. Penelitian tesis dengan metode yuridis normatif ini berkesimpulan bahwa peraturan di Indonesia mengakomodasi pembentukan lembaga kemasyarakatan baru sesuai kebutuhan. Lembaga kemasyarakatan yang dibentuk oleh penghayat kepercayaan PEBM di Desa Salamrejo menjadi perwujudan atas hal tersebut dan menjadi wadah inklusivitas pada tingkat horizontal. Meskipun lembaga kemasyarakatan tersebut masih bersifat informal, pemerintah Desa Salamrejo memberikan dukungan atas keberadaan kelembagaan tersebut. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, keberadaan lembaga kemasyarakatan yang mendukung inklusivitas dan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat perlu mendapatkan legalitas dari Desa Salamrejo. Hal ini disebabkan bahwa selain mendorong partisipasi masyarakat, hal ini turut pula mendorong tata kelolapemerintahan desa menjadi lebih baik.

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All group in society, without exception, should be involved in the planning and development process in the village. This is because the involvement of all levels of society in the planning and development process is one of characteristics of good governance. In Salamrejo Village, there is a group of Persatuan Eklasing Budhi Murka (PEBM) local believers which has been excluded for years so they do not have access to the village planning and development process. The village as the smallest unit in government administration should be able to entice and encourage direct participation of the society. This normative juridical method thesis research concludes that Indonesian regulations accommodate the formation of new social institutions as needed. The social institution formed by the PEBM believers in Salamrejo Village embodies this and becomes a forum for inclusiveness at the horizontal level. Even though these social institutions are still informal, the Salamrejo Village government provides support for the existence of these institutions. Based on this, the existence of social institutions that support inclusivity and benefit the community needs to obtain legality from Salamrejo Village. This is because in addition to encouraging community participation, this

also encourages better village governance."

"Desa Caringin merupakan salah satu desa yang terletak di Kabupaten Sukabumi, yang dalam pembangunan desanya masih mengalami permasalahan. Permasalahan tersebut terjadi karena adanya permasalahan pada saat proses perencanaan pembangunan desa, yaitu pada saat penyusunan rancangan program atau kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan. Perencanaan pembangunan yang berkualitas akan terwujud apabila setiap aktor yang ada di desa ikut terlibat. Namun, di desa Caringin keterlibatan Badan Permusyawaratan Desa (BPD) masih menjadi permasalahan. Permasalahan tersebut mendorong dilakukannya penelitian ini, yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterlibatan BPD Caringin pada saat proses penyusunan Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Desa (RPJM Desa) Caringin tahun 2019-2025 dan Rencana Kerja Pemerintah Desa (RKP Desa) Caringin tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif, dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa adanya permasalahan keterlibatan BPD Caringin, pada saat proses penyusunan RPJM Desa Caringin tahun 2019-2025. Pemerintah Desa Caringin dalam hal ini tidak melibatkan BPD Caringin pada saat proses penyusunan RPJM Desa tersebut, dengan tidak melakukan musyawarah dusun dan musyawarah desa yang di dalamnya melibatkan BPD Caringin dan juga unsur masyarakat. Pada proses penyusunan RKP Desa Caringin tahun 2020 BPD Caringin sudah terlibat aktif, namun yang menjadi permasalahan adalah ketika menentukan skala prioritas dari rancangan program atau kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan.

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Caringin village is one of the villages located in Sukabumi regency, which in its village development is still experiencing problems. These problems occur because there was problems during the village development planning process, when compiling the design of programs or activities to be carried out. Quality development planning will be realized if every actor in the village are involved. However, in Caringin village the involvement of the Village Deliberation Agency is still a problem. These problems led to this research, which aims to analyze the involvement of the Caringin Village Deliberation Agency during the preparation of Caringin Village Medium Term Development Plan in 2019-2025 and Caringin Village Government Work Plan in 2020. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews and literature studies. The results showed that there were problems about Caringin Village Deliberation Agency involving, during the preparation process of Caringin Village Medium Term Development Plan in 2019-2025. Caringin Village Government in this case did not involve Caringin Village Deliberation Agency during that Village Medium Term Development Plan preparation process, by not conducting village deliberations which involved Caringin Village Deliberation Agency and also community elements. In the process of preparing the Caringin Village Government Work Plan in 2020, Caringin Village Deliberation Agency has been actively involved, but the problem is when determining the priority scale of the design of the program or activity to be carried out."

"ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan akuntabilitas pembangunan desa di Desa Jangkar Asam Tahun Anggaran 2015 dan 2016. Dengan mengetahui hal ini memungkinkan Pemerintah Desa Jangkar Asam dan pemangku kepentingan untuk menyadari pentingnya akuntabilitas sebagai nilai dalam proses perubahan sosial. Penelitian ini merupakan penafsiran deskriptif kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam. Peneliti menyarankan agar semua pihak membangunkomitmen bersama dalam bentuk perjanjian tertulis untuk mengidentifikasikan sasaranprogram, merumuskan dan melaksanakan tindakan dalam mencapai sasaran program danmengevaluasi sasaran program. Mereka juga perlu meningkatkan kompetensi mereka melalui kegiatan pendidikan dan pelatihan, bimbingan teknis maupun lokakarya.Terakhir, Pemerintah Kabupaten Belitung Timur dapat melakukan konsultasi dengan Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan Republik Indonesia mengenai pendekatan lainnya yang dapat diadopsi untuk meningkatkan akuntabilitas pembangunan desa di Desa Jangkar Asam.

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ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to describe the village development accountability in Jangkar Asam Village in fiscal year 2015 and 2016. Knowing this, will allow the Jangkar Asam Village Government and stakeholders realizing the importance of accountability as a value in social changes process. This research is qualitative descriptive interpretive. The data were collected by means of deep interview. The researcher suggests all parties make the joint commitment in the form of written agreements for identifying the program objectives, formulating and implementing the actions to accomplish the program objectives and evaluating the program objectives. They also need to improve their competences by educational and training activities, technical guidances and workshops. The last suggestions, The Belitung Timur Local Government may have the consultation with Indonesian Development and Finance Supervisory Board on other approach that can be adopted to improve village development accountability in Jangkar Asam Village."

"Sejak terbitnya Undang-undang tentang Desa pada tahun 2014, desa sebagai pemerintah daerah pada tingkat terendah di Indonesia, memiliki hak otonomi untuk mengatur anggarannya. Salah satu mandat dari undang-undang ini adalah lahirnya program Dana Desa. Seperti yang dinyatakan di dalam undang-undang tersebut, tujuan dari program Dana Desa adalah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kesetaraan pembangunan desa. Penelitian ini menganalisa pengaruh Dana Desa terhadap pembangunan desa di Kabupaten Simalungun, Provinsi Sumatera Utara, yang memiliki potensi ekonomi yang cukup baik. Desain empiris pada penelitian ini adalah pendekatan difference-in-difference seta panel data untuk 386 desa dari tahun 2014 sampai 2018. Indeks Pembangunan Desa (IPD) digunakan untuk menggambarkan pembangunan desa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Dana desa secara parsial mempengaruhi status pembangunan desa dengan meningkatkan kualitas infrastruktur dan administrasi pemerintahan desa.

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Since the establishment of Indonesia’s Village Law in 2014, the village, as the lowest tier of regional government in Indonesia, has the autonomy to regulate its budget. A mandate of the Village Law is implementing the Village Fund program. As stated in the law, the objective of the Village Fund program is to improve the welfare and equity of village development. This research paper analyses the impact of the Village Fund on rural development in Simalungun District, in North Sumatera Province, which has significant economic potential. This empirical design relies on a difference-in-difference approach and panel data for 386 villages from 2014 to 2018. The Village Development index reflects rural development. The result indicates that Village Fund partially impacted the village development status by improving the quality of infrastructure and enhancing village government administration."

"The research has aim to nalyze the effectiveness of allocation, management and using of village-fund-allocation (ADD) in "X" Regency and analyze the impact of ADD toward the improvement of public infrastructure, manpower absorption as well as the empowerment of people and village institutions. The research was performed in 18 sub-districts, in which on every sub-district two villages are chosen, that is one village classified as 'urban village' that located near the sub-district capital and other village classified as 'rural village' that is a village categorized as isolated. Meanwhile as respondents of research on every village are boards of village institutions: board of village representatives board (BPD), board of village community devense board (LKMD), board of neighbourhood organization (RT), board of family welfare empowerment (PKK), board of youth organization (Karang Taruna), and board of civil defense taskforce (Satgas Hansip) - each of them represented by one person. Thus, totally for entire research field ('X' Regency) there are 216 respondents. Collection of secondary and primary data performed through survey on site using questionnaire. Result of research shows that many regulation regarding ADD are not well implemented according to the existing laws. A large part of people more prefer to ADD with different amount for each village considering some factors such as the number of people, village accessibility, potential owned by each village, etc. However, the majority of people consider that ADD has positive impact and multiplier affect significantly for them such as the improvement of public infrastructure, improvement of people's knowledge, the increasing of people participation in village development and manpower absorption."

"Saat pandemi Covid-19 hadir di Indonesia, ruang gerak masyarakat menjadi terbatas dan mengubah banyak aspek kehidupan. Sektor perekonomian serta sektor kesehatan menjadi sektor yang paling terdampak akibat adanya pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Adanya pembatasan sosial berkontribusi pada melemahnya perekonomian, baik dari tingkat nasional, bahkan hingga ke individu masyarakat. Hal tersebut tentu juga berimbas pada Kabupaten Kebumen. Terlebih, selama beberapa tahun berturut-turut Kebumen ditetapkan sebagai kota termiskin di Jawa Tengah. Namun di tengah kondisi perekonomian yang sedang melemah, salah satu desa di Kebumen, kabupaten termiskin di Jawa Tengah, Desa Karangsari mampu mendapatkan gelar pelopor Kampung Tangguh Nusantara Candi, sebuah penghargaan yang diberikan oleh Polisi Daerah (Polda) Jawa Tengah kepada desa yang mampu menjaga kestabilan pangan, keamanan, dan kesehatan dalam kondisi Covid-19 serta memiliki penanganan Covid-19 terbaik. Dana desa digunakan untuk menjaga kesehatan sampai ke tingkat desa. Dalam mengatasi kondisi pandemi Covid-19, pemerintah merilis kebijakan refocusing dana desa dalam rangka percepatan penanganan kasus Covid-19. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat gambaran implementasi kebijakan pemanfaatan dana desa untuk penanganan Covid-19 di Desa Karangsari pada tahun 2020-2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah stakeholder di tingkat Pemerintah Kabupaten hingga Pemerintah Desa yang dipilih berdasarkan kesesuaian informasi yang dibutuhkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemanfaatan dana desa untuk penanganan Covid-19 baik dari sisi komunikasi, struktur birokrasi, disposisi, sumber daya, serta kondisi sosial politik di Desa Karangsari yang sudah berjalan cukup baik walau masih ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperbaiki. Walaupun masih belum memenuhi target pemanfaatan dana desa yang sebesar 7 persen dari target 8 persen, peran dan dukungan pelaksana kebijakan di sektor kesehatan memberikan kontribusi yang baik sehingga Desa Karangsari mendapatkan penghargaan Kampung Tangguh Nusantara Candi.

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When the Covid-19 pandemic arrived in Indonesia, people's space for movement became limited and changed many aspects of life. The economic sector and the health sector are the sectors most affected by the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The existence of social restrictions contributed to a weakening of the economy, both at the national level and even down to the individual community. This of course also has an impact on Kebumen Regency. Moreover, for several years in a row Kebumen has been designated as the poorest city in Central Java. However, in the midst of a weakening economic condition, one of the villages in Kebumen, the poorest district in Central Java, Karangsari Village was able to get the title of pioneer of Kampung Tangguh Nusantara Candi, an award given by the Central Java Regional Police (Polda) to villages that are able to maintain stability. food, safety and health in Covid-19 conditions and has the best handling of Covid-19. Village funds are used to maintain health down to the village level. In overcoming the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic, the government released a policy of refocusing village funds in order to accelerate the handling of the Covid-19 case. The purpose of this research is to see an overview of the implementation of the policy of utilizing village funds for handling Covid-19 in Karangsari Village in 2020-2021. This research is a case study research with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were stakeholders at the District Government to Village Government levels who were selected based on the appropriateness of the information needed. The results of the study show that the use of village funds for handling Covid-19 both in terms of communication, bureaucratic structure, disposition, resources, and socio-political conditions in Karangsari Village has been going quite well although there are still some things that need to be improved. Although it still has not met the village fund utilization target of 7 percent of the 8 percent target, the role and support of policy implementers in the health sector made a good contribution so that Karangsari Village won the Kampung Tangguh Nusantara Candi award."