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"Ikan nilem (Osteochilus vittatus Valenciennes 1842) merupakan ikan air tawar yang berdistribusi di perairan Asia Tenggara khususnya Indonesia. Permintaan konsumsi ikan nilem yang meningkat dan eksploitasi yang berlebihan mengakibatkan berkurangnya populasi ikan nilem. Permasalahan ini dapat diatasi dengan pelestarian ikan nilem menggunakan metode preservasi spermatozoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian berbagai konsentrasi sari kurma terhadap persentase fertilisasi dan penetasan telur ikan nilem 24 jam pascapreservasi pada suhu 4 – 5ºC. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan dan lima pengulangan. Lima perlakuan terdiri atas sari kurma 0% + fish Ringer (SK 0%), sari kurma 0,5% + fish Ringer (SK 0,5%), sari kurma 1% + fish Ringer (SK 1%), sari kurma 1,5% + fish Ringer (SK 1,5%), dan sari kurma 2% + fish Ringer (SK 2%). Data penelitian yang diperoleh diuji menggunakan uji Analisis Variansi (ANAVA) satu faktor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata (P < 0,05) pada nilai rata-rata persentase penetasan telur dan tidak ada perbedaan nyata (P > 0,05) pada nilai rata-rata persentase fertilisasi. Walaupun tidak ada perbedaan nyata, namun terdapat kecenderungan yang menunjukkan bahwa penambahan sari kurma 1% memberikan pengaruh yang efisien terhadap fertilisasi ikan nilem dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol (SK 0%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase fertilisasi dan penetasan telur tertinggi terdapat pada penambahan konsentrasi 1% sari kurma dalam ekstender fish Ringer. Persentase fertilisasi spermatozoa ikan nilem 24 jam pascapreservasi menggunakan 1% sari kurma sebesar 98,57 ± 1,80% dan persentase penetasan telur sebesar 96,87 ± 1,23%.

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Nilem fish (Osteochilus vittatus Valenciennes 1842) is a freshwater fish distributed in the water of Southeast Asia, especially Indonesia. Increased demand for nilem fish consumption and excessive exploitation resulted in a decrease in nilem fish populations. This problem can be solved by preserving nilem fish using spermatozoa preservation method. This study aims to determine the effect of giving various concentrations of date palm juice to the percentage of fertilization and hatching rate 24 hours post preservation at a temperature of 4 - 5ºC. This study used a complete randomized design (RAL) with five treatments and five repetitions. Five treatments consist of date palm juice 0% + fish Ringer (SK 0%), date juice 0.5% + fish Ringer (SK 0.5%), date juice 1% + fish Ringer (SK 1%), date juice 1.5% + fish Ringer (SK 1.5%), and date juice 2% + fish Ringer (SK 2%). The research data obtained was tested using a single-factor Variance Analysis (ANAVA) test. The results showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the average percentage of hatching rates and no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the average value of the percentage of fertilization. Although there is no real difference, there is a tendency that the addition of 1% date juice has an influence on the fertilization of nilem fish compared to the control treatment (SK 0%). The results showed that the highest percentage of fertilization and hatching rates were found in the addition 1% of date palm juice in fish Ringer extenders. The highest percentage of spermatozoa fertilization of nilem fish 24 hours post-preserve using 1% date palm juice is 98.57 ± 1.80% and the percentage of hatching rates is 96.87 ± 1.23%."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa konsentrasi kuning telursebagai krioprotektan alami yang efektif untuk kriopreservasi dan menganalisis kualitasspermatozoa serta mengitung nilai persentase fertilitas sel telur dengan spermatozoa ikan lukas (Puntius bramoides Val) 48 jam pascakriopreservasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 9 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan. Konsentrasi kuning telur yang digunakan sebagai krioprotektan adalah 0% (kontrol negatif), 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13%, 15%, 17%, dan penggunaan Carboxymethyl Cellulose(CMC) 1% sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaanbeberapa konsentrasi kuning telur sebagai krioprotektan ekstraseluler alami mampumempengaruhi nyata (P< 0,005) terhadap kualitas spermatozoa ikan lukas 48 jam pascakriopreservasi. Penggunaan kuning telur dengan konsentrasi 9% merupakan konsentrasi optimum dalam mempertahankan persentase motilitas (80,45 ± 0,93%) dan persentase viabilitas (80,75 ± 1,55%) spermatozoa ikan lukas. Kuning telur dengan konsentrasi 9% juga optimum dalam menurunkan persentase abnormalitas spermatozoa ikan lukas (26,13 ± 1,49%). Penelitian mengenai nilai persentase fertilitas sel telur oleh spermatozoa ikan lukas menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kuning telur sebagai krioprotektan ekstraseluler alami tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (P> 0,005) terhadap nilai fertilitas ikan lukas 48 jam pascakriopreservasi. Persentae fertilitas seltelur oleh spermatozoa pascakriopreservasi dengan konsentrasi kuning telur 9% memiliki nilai tertinggi (59,38 ± 9,44%), sedangkan tanpa kuning telur (0%) memiliki nilai terendah (41,25 ± 5,2%). Hal tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan persentase fertilitas ikan lukas pascakriopreservasi dari persentase 81,25% (sperma segar) menjadi 41--59%.

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The objective of study was to evaluated the effect egg yolk at concentration of 0%

(negative control), 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13%, 15%, and 17%, respectively combined with 10% of methanol on percentage of sperm motility, viability, and abnormality 48 hours after freezing. There were significant different (P< 0,005) among treatment groups and control based on one way ANOVA test. In edition 9% of egg yolk was theoptimum consentration which shown the highest percentage of sperm motility (80.45 ±0.93%) and percentage of sperm viability (80.75 ± 1.55%), and also shown the lowest

percentage of sperm abnormality (26.13 ±1.49%). Research on the percentage of fertility after fertilization of lukas egg using 48 hours post-cryopreserved sperm protected by variation consentration egg yolk and 10% methanol showed that there were not significant different (P> 0,05) among treatment groups and control. However, the highest percentage of fertility was shown by 9% of egg yolk (59,38 ± 9,44%). Further, the percentage of fertility decreased from 81,25% (egg who fertilized by fresh sperm) to 59,38% (egg fertilized by cryopreserved sperm)."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian kriopreservasi spermatozoa ikan lukas memiliki tujuan mengetahui pengaruhberbagai konsentrasi susu skim (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%) terbaik terhadapmotilitas, viabilitas dan abnormalitas serta kemampuan fertilisasi spermatozoa ikanlukas pascakriopreservasi. Larutan pengencer yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalahlarutan Fish Ringer, dengan rasio pengenceran yang digunakan adalah 1:9.Kriopreservasi dilakukan pada deep freezer dengan suhu -34°C, dengan lamapenyimpanan selama 48 jam. Spermatozoa hasil kriopreservasi selama 48 jamdigunakan untuk membuahi sel telur ikan lukas. Hasil fertilisasi digunakan untukmengukur parameter kualitas spermatozoa yang baik. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANAVAsatu arah menunjukkan pemberian berbagai konsentrasi susu skim memiliki nilai rataratapersentase motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa ikan lukas 48 jampascakriopreservasi yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Hasil terbaik ditunjukkan padakonsentrasi susu skim 20% dengan nilai persentase motilitas, viabilitas danabnormalitas secara berurutan sebesar 81,70 ± 0,70%; 80,37 ± 2,72%; dan 25,87 ±1,7%. Hasil analisis pada fertilisasi pascakriopreservasi menyatakan bahwa nilai rataratapersentase fertilisasi tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan, namun pada konsentrasisusu skim 20% kemampuan fertilisasi mampu dipertahankan dengan baik terlihatdengan nilai rata-rata fertilisasi tertinggi yaitu 65 ± 6,45%.

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ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to discover the effect of skim milk from variousconcentration (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) which give the best effect towardsmotility, viability, abnormality and fertilization capability of Puntiusbramoides spermatozoa two days after freezing. We used Fish Ringer to dilute thespermatozoa at 1:9 ratio. Based on the ANOVA analysis, the treatment groups showedsignificant difference in average motility, viability and spermatozoa abnormalitypercentage with the control (P<0.05). Tukey test showed best result are obtained from20% skim milk with average motility (81.70 ± 0.70%), sperm viability (80.37 ± 2.72%),and sperm abrnormality (25.87 ± 1.7%). The analysis from postcryopreservationfertilization showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in average motility percentagebetween treatment groups and control. However, the highest concentration percentageof fertility (65 ± 6,45%) was shown by the combination of 20% skim milk and 10%methanol."

"Preservasi sperma ikan mata merah (Systomus orphoides Valenciennes, 1842) perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi keterbatasan stock yang diakibakan waktu pemijahan yang berbeda antara induk jantan dan betina. Keberhasilan preservasi sperma sangat ditentukan oleh penggunaan krioprotektan yang tepat. Penelitian ini menggunakan krioprotektan intra dan ekstraseluler untuk melindungi sel sperma dari dalam maupun dari luar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi potensi metanol 10% dengan berbagai konsentrasi susu skim sebagai krioprotektan alami terhadap motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas sperma ikan mata merah 48 jam pascapreservasi. Konsentrasi larutan susu skim yang digunakan yaitu 5%; 10%; 15%; dan 20%. Sperma disimpan dalam kulkas pada suhu 4℃ selama 48 jam. Sperma segar dievaluasi secara makroskopik (warna, volume sperma, dan pH), dan secara mikroskopik (motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan metanol 10% dan berbagai konsentrasi susu skim berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap motiitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas sperma ikan mata merah 48 jam pascapreservasi. Penggabungan metanol 10% dan susu skim 10% memiliki pengaruh paling optimum yaitu motilitas 97,62 ± 1,09%, viabilitas 85,80 ± 1,92%, dan abnormalitas 10,00 ± 1,14%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu potensi susu skim terbaik untuk preservasi sperma ikan mata merah pada konsentrasi 10%.

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Sperm preservation of javaean barb fish (Systomus orphoides Valenciennes, 1842) needs to be done to reduce stock limitiations caused by different spawning times between male and female broodstock. The success of sperm preservation is also supported, one of which is the use of cryoprotectants. This study uses extracellular cryoprotectants to protect sperm cells from inside and outside. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 10% methanol with various concentrations of skim milk as a natural cryoprotectant on motility, viability, and sperm abnormalities of javaean barb fish 48 hours after preservation. The concentration of skim milk solution used was 5%; 10%; 15%; and 20%. Sperm were store in the refrigator at 4℃ for 48 hours. Fresh sperm were evaluated macroscopically (color, sperm volume, and pH) and microscopically (motility, viability, and abnormalities). The results showed that the uses of 10% methanol and various concentraions of skim milk had a significant effect (P<0,05) on motility, viability, and sperm abnormalities of javaean barb fish 48 hours after preservation. The combination of 10% methanol and 10% skim milk had the most optimum effect, the value of motility is 97.62 ± 1,09%, viability 85.80 ± 1.92%, and abnormality 10.00 ± 1.14%. The conclusion of this study is that the best potential of skim milk for sperm preservation of javaean barb fish at a concentration of 10%."

"ABSTRAKIkan kancra merupakan salah satu spesies air tawar di Indonesia yang populasinya terus terancam. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk melestarikan material genetik hewan yang terancam punah yaitu kriopreservasi spermatozoa. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan kriopreservasi adalah krioprotektan. Salah satu krioprotektan alami potensial yaitu kuning telur puyuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengevaluasi konsentrasi optimal dari berbagai konsentrasi kuning telur puyuh (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%) terhadap motilitas, viabilitas, abnormalitas dan kemampuan fertilisasi spermatozoa ikan kancra 48 jam pascakriopreservasi. Rasio antara semen dan larutan pengencer yang digunakan yaitu 1:10. Analisis data menggunakan uji ANAVA satu arah dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Berdasarkan hasil uji ANAVA, pemberian berbagai konsentrasi kuning telur puyuh yang dikombinasikan dengan metanol 10% menghasilkan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap persentase motilitas, viabilitas, abnormalitas, dan fertilitas spermatozoa pascakriopreservasi. Kuning telur 10% merupakan konsentrasi optimal yang dapat mempertahankan persentase motilitas, viabilitas, dan fertilitas tertinggi yaitu masing-masing 85,10 ± 1,51%, 84,75 ± 1,71% dan 95,00 ± 1,83% serta menghasilkan nilai persentase abnormalitas terendah yaitu 20,25 ± 1,71%.

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ABSTRACTKancra fish is one of the freshwater species in Indonesia, whose population is continues to be threatened. The efforts that can be done to preserve the endangered animal's genetic material are cryopreservation of spermatozoa. One of the factors that determines the success of cryopreservation is cryoprotectant. One of the potential natural cryoprotectants is quail egg yolks. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the optimal concentration of various concentrations of quail egg yolks (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) on motility, viability, abnormality and fertilization ability of kancra fish spermatozoa 48 hours post-cryopreservation. The ratio between semen and diluent solution used was 1:10. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA test and continued with the Tukey test. Based on the results of the one-way ANOVA test, it was found that cryoprotectant of quail egg yolk combined with 10% methanol had significant effect (P <0.05) on motility, viability, abnormality, and fertility of spermatozoa post-cryopreservation. The 10% of quail egg yolk concentration was the optimal concentration that could maintain the highest percentage of motility, viability and fertility, respectively 85.10 ± 1.51%, 84.75 ± 1.71%, 95.00 ± 1.83% and produced the lowest percentage value of abnormality 20.25 ± 1.71%."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian kombinasi konsentrasi kuning telur sebagai krioprotektan belum pernahdilakukan pada ikan Botia (Chromobotia macrachanthus). Penelitian menggunakankonsentrasi kuning telur sebagai krioprotektan ekstraseluler dan metanol 10% sebagaikrioprotektan intraseluler. Konsentrasi kuning telur (0%, 5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13%, 15%,17%) dan penggunaan Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) 1% terhadap motilitas,viabilitas dan abnormalitas spermatozoa ikan botia 24 jam pascakriopreservasi.Preservasi dilakukan pada tabung nitrogen cair dengan suhu -196°C. Berdasarkan hasiluji ANAVA satu arah menunjukkan pemberian berbagai konsentrasi kuning telurberpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap persentase motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitasspermatozoa ikan Botia 24 jam pascakriopreservasi. Konsentrasi kuning telur optimumialah 15%, dengan nilai persentase motilitas (96,43 ± 1,49%), nilai persentase viabilitas(84,25 ± 1,26%) serta nilai persentase abnormalitas terendah (11,50 ± 1,29%). UjiTukey persentase nilai fertilitas telur 24 jam pascakriopreservasi tertinggi padakonsentrasi kuning telur 15% (50,64 ± 4,37%).

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ABSTRACTThe combination effect of egg yolk and 10% methanol on Botia fish spermatozoaquality and has not been performed, yet. Accordingly, the objrctive of study was: first,to evaluate the motility rate, viability rate, and abnormality of Botia fish spermatozoa 1day after cryopreservation. Second, to evaluate the fertility rate of Botia fish egg afterfertilized by cryopreserved sperm. The various concentration of egg yolk used were,5%, 7%, 9%, 11%, 13%, 15%, and 17% whereas the negative control (0%) used 10%methanol only without egg yolk. While, the positive of control used 1% of CMC. Botiasperm and egg were collected by hand stripping method. Physical and chemical ofbotia sperm had been observed by visual observation whereas the otility rate, vuiabilityrate, abnormality rate and fertility rate determined by light microscope. Botia fishsperm were mixed with cryoprotectand and extender before freezing at -196℃ (in LN).cryopreservation of botia fish sperm were conducted for one day. Based on one-wayANOVA test, gave the significant different between treatment group and control.Furthermore, according to Tuket test, they were gave the significant different (P<0.05)also among treatment group. Fifteen percent of egg yolk was optimum concentreationthat gave the highest motility rate, (96.43 ± 1.49%), and the highest viability (84.25 ±1.26%) and showed the lowest percentage of abnormality (11.50 ± 1.29%), and also thehighest fertility rate of Botia fish egg that (50,64 ± 4,37%) with protected by 15% ofegg yolk."

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Upaya budi daya T. soro mengalami kesulitan akibat matang gonad jantan dan gonad betina terjadi tidak secara bersamaan. Kriopreservasi sperma T. soro dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Salah satu faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan proses kriopreservasi adalah penggunaan krioprotektan. Peneliti menggunakan krioprotektan metanol 10% dan krioprotektan berbahan dasar alami sari kurma dengan konsentrasi 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi efek sari kurma sebagai krioprotektan alami dengan kombinasi metanol 10% terhadap kualitas sperma (motilitas spermatozoa, viabilitas spermatozoa, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa) serta persentase fertilitas T. soro 48 jam pascakriopreservasi. Rasio pengenceran yang digunakan adalah 1:10. Penyimpanan dilakukan pada freezer dengan suhu -10 °C selama 48 jam. Hasil uji ANAVA satu arah menunjukkan bahwa pemberian berbagai konsentrasi sari kurma dengan kombinasi metanol 10% berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap viabilitas spermatozoa, abnormalitas spermatozoa, dan kemampuan fertilisasi spermatozoa 48 jam pascakriopreservasi. Metanol 10% dan sari kurma 10% merupakan kombinasi krioprotektan dengan konsentrasi optimum yang mampu mempertahankan persentase motilitas tertinggi 81.29 ± 1.01%, persentase viabilitas tertinggi 80.75 ± 1.19%, persentase abnormalitas terendah 21.5 ± 1.29%, serta persentase fertilitas tertinggi 88,50 ± 1,73% spermatozoa T. soro 48 jam pascakriopreservasi. 

 

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Tor soro cultivation has several obstacles including gonad synchronization. Tor soro cryopreservation of sperm can be used as an alternative to solve the problem. One of the success factors of cryopreservation is cryoprotectant. Researchers used a 10% methanol and date palm juice (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%) as cryoprotectant. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of date palm juice as a natural cryoprotectant with a combination of 10% methanol on sperm quality (spermatozoa motility, viability, and abnormality) and the percentage of fertility of T. soro 48 hours post-cryopreservation. The dilution ratio used was 1:10. Storage was carried out in the freezer at a temperature of -10 °C for 48 hours. The results of the one-way ANOVA test showed that various concentrations of date palm juice in combination with methanol 10% had a significant effect (P<0.05) on percentage of spermatozoa viability, spermatozoa abnormality, and spermatozoa fertility of 48 hours post-cryopreservation. The combination of 10% methanol and 10% date palm juice was the optimum concentration that was able to maintain the highest motility percentage 81.29 ± 1.01%, the highest viability percentage 80.75%  ± 1.19%, the lowest abnormality percentage 21.5 ± 1.29%, and the highest fertility percentage 88.50 ± 1.73%.

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"ABSTRAKIkan kancra (Tor soro) merupakan salah satu spesies dari Genus Tor yang mengalami penurunan populasi karena kegiatan eksploitasi dan kendala pematangan gonad. Kriopreservasi dapat dijadikan sebagai cara untuk mengatasi penurunan populasi dan menjaga kelestarian dari T. soro. Keberhasilan dari kriopreservasi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya krioprotektan. Krioprotektan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu sari kedelai dan metanol. Sari kedelai memiliki lesitin yang mampu melindungi bagian luar sel, sedangkan metanol memiliki berat molekul yang kecil sehingga mampu menembus membran sel dan melindungi bagian dalam sel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh krioprotektan sari kedelai dengan berbagai konsentrasi (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%) terhadap motilitas, viabilitas, abnormalitas, dan fertilitas spermatozoa T. soro 48 jam pascakriopreservasi pada suhu -10 oC. Analisis data menggunakan uji ANAVA satu arah dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan sari kedelai berbagai konsentrasi dan metanol 10% memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap persentase motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa T. soro 48 jam pascakriopreservasi (P<0,05). Sari kedelai 5% dan metanol 10% merupakan kombinasi krioprotektan dengan konsentrasi optimum dalam mempertahankan persentase motilitas (84,37 ± 1,54%), viabilitas (78,00 ± 2,37%), dan fertilitas (97,50 ± 1,91%), serta menghasilkan persentase abnormalitasterendah (23,00 ± 2,58%) pada spermatozoa T. soro 48 jam pascakriopreservasi.

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ABSTRACTKancra fish (Tor soro) is a species of the Genus Tor that has decreased population due to exploitation activities and gonad maturation problems. Cryopreservation is a way to overcome population decline and preserve T. soro resources. The success of cryopreservation is influenced by several factors, one of which is cryoprotectant. Cryoprotectants used in this study were soybean milk and methanol. Soybean milk has lecithin which can protect the outside part of cells, while methanol has a small molecular weight so that it can penetrate the cell membranes and protect the inner part of cells. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of soybean milk cryoprotectants in various concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) on motility, viability,abnormality, and fertility of T. soro spermatozoa 48 hours post-cryopreservation at -10oC. Data analysis used a one-way ANOVA test and followed by the Tukey test. The results showed that the addition of soybean milk in various concentrations and 10% methanol had a significant effect on the motility and viability percentage of T. sorospermatozoa 48 hours post-cryopreservation (P<0.05). The 5% soybean milk and 10% methanol were cryoprotectant combination with optimum concentrations in maintaining the motility percentage (84.37 ± 1.54%), viability percentage (78.00 ± 2.37%), fertility percentage (97.50 ± 1.91%), and produced the lowest abnormality percentage (23.00 ±2.58%) of T. soro spermatozoa 48 hours post-cryopreservation."

"The research conducted to see the influence of the sperm preserve to confront with fertilization of degree and hatch capacity of jambal siam fish. The research conducted in BBI Rambah Village from June until August 2002...."

"Latar Belakang: Kasus infeksi HIV-1 terus meningkat di dunia dan di Indonesia setiap tahunnya. Diperkirakan 5,8 juta orang hidup dengan HIV dan 640.000 di antaranya tinggal di Indonesia. Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, HIV telah dikendalikan karena terapi antiretroviral (ART) seumur hidup yang efektif. Oleh karena itu, ada peningkatan dalam keinginan untuk memiliki anak kandung terutama pada pasien yang berada pada usia reproduksi yang prima. HIV-1 dan ART telah dikaitkan dengan infertilitas terutama akibat stress oksidatif yang dapat menganggu pematangan kromatin sperma. Pematangan kromatin sperma merupakan proses penting dimana protein histon yang berkaitan dengan DNA sperma digantikan oleh protamin dan membuatnya jauh lebih padat dibandingkan sel somatik, untuk memastikan bahwa informasi genetik ayah diturunkan dengan aman dari generasi ke generasi. Abnormalitas dalam proses ini telah dikaitkan dengan infertilitas, aborsi berulang, peningkatan risiko kelainan kongenital, perkembangan dan pembentukan embrio yang buruk serta kelahiran anak yang tidak sehat. Oleh karena itu, pematangan kromatin sperma dapat digunakan sebagai parameter untuk menilai infertilitas pada laki-laki. Penggunaan pematangan kromatin sperma untuk mempredisi hasil fertilitas pada laki-laki HIV-1 positif di Indonesia masih kurang, meskipun dapat menjadi alat diagnostic yang baik untuk menilai kesuburan dan memberikan informasi yang tidak dapat diperoleh dengan analisis sperma sederhana (konsentrasi, motilitas dan morfologi). Metode: Sampel sperma akan diperoleh dari 36 subjek, dengan 18 subjek positif HIV dan 18 subjek kontrol dengan HIV seronegative. Sampel kemudian diapuskan pada kaca objek dan dilakukan pewarnaan sesuai petunjuk dari SpermFunc® Histone kit for determination of the maturity of spermatozoan nucleoprotein (Aniline Blue Staining Method). Slide kemudian akan diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya dan jumlah inti sperma yang diwarnai biru (belum matang) dan diwarnai merah-ungu (matang) akan dihitung dalam 100 sperma. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan statistik yang signifikan antara kelompok HIV dan Non-HIV (p<0,05). Kelompok subjek HIV memiliki proporsi/persentase pematangan sperma yang tergolong buruk (AB<87%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan: Terjadi penurunan pematangan kromatin sperma pada kelompok subjek HIV dibandingkan dengan kontrol yang mungkin disebabkan oleh stres oksidatif, hal ini dapat mempengaruhi kesuburan pada laki-laki HIV-1 positif.

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Introduction: HIV-1 infection cases continue to rise globally and in Indonesia each year. It is estimated that 5.8 million people are living with HIV and of those, 640,000 are living in Indonesia. However, HIV have been declared manageable in the past few decades due to the effective lifelong highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Hence, there is an increased desire to have biological children especially in patients who are at a prime reproductive age. HIV-1 and the use of antiretroviral therapy have been linked to infertility mainly as a result of oxidative stress which can disrupt sperm chromatin maturation. Sperm chromatin maturation is a process wherein histone proteins which coils with sperm DNA are replaced by protamine and make it much more compact than somatic cells to ensure that paternal genetic information is safely transferred through generations. Abnormality in this process have been linked to infertility, recurrent abortion, increased risk for congenital abnormalities, poor development and sustenance of embryo as well as the birth of an unhealthy offspring. Hence, sperm chromatin maturation can be used as a parameter to asses male infertility. The use of sperm chromatin maturation to predict fertility outcomes in HIV-1 positive men in Indonesia have been lacking, even though it can be an imperative tool to assess fertility and sperm viability which cannot be obtained from a simple semen analysis (concentration, motility and morphology). Method: Semen samples were taken from 36 subjects, with 18 subjects positive for HIV and 18 subjects as control with seronegative HIV. These samples are then smeared on object glass and stained according to the instructions of the SpermFunc® Histone kit for determination of the maturity of spermatozoan nucleoprotein (Aniline Blue Staining Method). These stained slides will then be observed under the light microscope and number of red-purple stained (mature) and dark blue stained (immature) sperm nuclei will be calculated from 100 sperm. Results: There was a significant statistical difference between HIV and Non-HIV/control group (p<0.05). HIV subject group had a higher proportion of sperm maturation percentage which was classified as poor (AB<87%) in comparison to control group. Conclusion: There is a decreased sperm chromatin maturation in HIV subject group in comparison to control which may be caused by oxidative stress and this may affect fertility in HIV-1 positive men. "