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"Di Provinsi Riau, bencana kebakaran hutan merupakan bencana yang sering terjadi, berdasarkan data BPS lebih dari 65% bencana di Riau adalah kebakaran hutan. Dampak dari bencana kebakaran hutan adalah asap yang menyebar dengan cepat ke daerah berpenduduk. Asap ini berdampak buruk pada kesehatan. Pemerintah Provinsi Riau menetapkan untuk membuat posko kesehatan sampai tingkat kelurahan agar dapat menolong penduduk. Posko kesehatan dapat dibuat secara fleksibel sehingga dapat dibangun pada bangunan yang layak. Posko kesehatan akan menerima pasokan peralatan medis dari BPBD terdekat dan penduduk dapat berobat ke posko kesehatan terdekat secara gratis. Diperlukannya penentuan lokasi posko kesehatan yang dapat menjangkau semua penduduk dengan merata, berjarak dekat, dan penggunaan anggaran yang efisien. Maka dilakukan optimasi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut. Pada optimasi tahap 1 tujuannya adalah menentukan lokasi posko kesehatan yang dapat menjangkau semua penduduk dengan biaya minimum. Kemudian, dibuat juga skenario kelonggaran anggaran dari hasil optimasi tahap 1. Skenario sebesar +5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% dilakukan agar dapat menambah posko kesehatan yang dekat dengan titik api karena semakin dekat maka kualitas udara semakin buruk. Kemudian dilakukan optimasi tahap 2 yaitu untuk meminimalkan jarak dari penduduk ke posko kesehatan dengan memperhatikan titik api dan populasi. Hasil dari optimasi tahap 1 dan tahap 2 adalah lokasi posko kesehatan yang terpilih. Model optimasi dibuat menggunakan python dan Gurobi. Namun, masih terdapat berbagai kekurangan yang dapat diperbaiki pada penelitian selanjutnya.

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In Riau Province, wildfire is a frequent disaster, based on BPS data, more than 65% of disasters in Riau are wildfire. The impact of the wildfire disaster is the smoke that spreads quickly to populated areas. This smoke is bad for health. The Riau Provincial Government decided to establish a relief shelter up to the sub-district level in order to help the wildfire victims. Relief shelter can be made flexibly so that they can be built in appropriate buildings. The relief shelter will receive supplies of medical equipment from the nearest BPBD and residents can seek treatment at the nearest relief shelter for free. It is necessary to determine the location of relief shelter that can reach all population evenly, closely spaced, and use the money efficiently. So, optimization is done to solve the problem. In optimization phase 1, the goal is to determine the location of relief shelter that can reach all population with minimum costs. Then, a budget slack scenario is also made from the optimization results of stage 1. Scenarios of +5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% are carried out in order to increase relief shelter close to wildfire hotspots because the closer they are, the worse the air quality. Then the second stage of optimization is carried out, namely to minimize the distance from population to the relief shelter by paying attention to wildfire hotspots and population. The result of optimization stage 1 and stage 2 is the location of the selected relief shelter. The optimization model was created using python and Gurobi. However, there are still various weaknesses that can be corrected in further research."

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Bencana alam merupakan kejadian yang sering melanda Indonesia. DKI Jakarta, Ibukota Indonesia, juga tidak terhindar dari terjadinya bencana alam. Namun secara sisi anggaran, DKI Jakarta masih memiliki prioritas lain di luar kegiatan penanggulangan bencana. Salah satu dampak yang terjadi karena bencana alam adalah banyaknya korban yang membutuhkan pelayanan kesehatan berupa respon lapangan. Pelayanan kesehatan ini seringkali tidak memadai. Hal tersebut menimbulkan butuhnya posko kesehatan yang ditempatkan di lokasi yang dapat diakses serta memadai kebutuhan korban dengan batasan anggaran. Facility Location Problem merupakan model optimasi yang dapat digunakan untuk memilih lokasi posko kesehatan. Model optimasi dibuat menggunakan Gurobi untuk Python, dan mendapatkan hasil berupa titik-titik lokasi posko kesehatan yang optimal. Penelitian ini juga menemukan beberapa kekurangan yang dapat dikembangkan dalam penelitian selajutnya.

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Indonesia is a country that is often hit by natural disasters. DKI Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital doesn’t stray from this trend. In terms of budgeting, DKI Jakarta has other priorities besides disaster relief. One of the impacts of natural disasters are the emergence of victims that need accessible health services. Often times, these health services are inadequate. These two points, budget and inadequacy, increase the demand for accessible relief shelters that can be deployed within a certain budget. Gurobi for Python is used to model a Facility Location Problem that meets these criteria. An optimal solution is found using said model. However, there are some shortcomings of the current model that can be improved in a future research.

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"[;;;, ABSTRAKKebakaran hutan dan lahan (karhutla) di Riau mulai marak seiring denganmeningkatnya laju penebangan hutan, pembersihan lahan dan iklim kering. Karhutlamenyebabkan pencemaran udara bahkan hingga ke Singapura sehinggamempengaruhi ketegangan politik diantara kedua negara. Karhutla kerap terjadi tiaptahunnya, padahal sudah banyak regulasi dan institusi yang menangani pencegahankarhutla serta pengendalian bencana asap. Ketika proses pembakaran biomassaterjadi, pencemar aerosol terlepas ke udara. Tingginya konsentrasi aerosolmenurunkan kualitas udara setempat dan mengurangi jarak pandang. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menganalisis kaitan karhutla di Provinsi Riau pada Juni 2013 denganpencemaran udara di Riau dan Singapura, karakteristik aerosol di Singapura pada saatperiode karhutla di Riau dan menganalisis implementasi kebijakan pencegahan danpengendalian bencana asap akibat karhutla. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalahcampuran kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan data sekunder dan primer yang berasaldari wawancara. Berdasarkan penelitian diketahui bahwa kebakaran di Riau pada Juni2013 mengakibatkan kenaikan ISPU hingga 1084 (berbahaya) di Riau, kenaikankonsentrasi PM 2,5, dan menurunkan visibilitas di Singapura. Hasil karakterisasimelalui parameter aerosol optical depth (AOD), parameter Ångstrom, dan distribusiukuran partikel menunjukkan keberadaan aerosol berukuran kecil dengan jumlahlebih banyak di Singapura yang merupakan ciri aerosol dari karhutla.Lemahnya kepemimpinan dan penegakan hukum, kurangnya koordinasi antar institusi di tingkat pemerinrah daerah, dan belum optimalnya pemanfaatan informasi peringatan dini adalah sejumlah faktor penghambat implementasi kebijakan pengendalian bencanaasap akibat karhutla.

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ABSTRACTForest and land fire in Riau increase along with the rapid deforestation, land clearing, and fueled by dry climate. Forest and land fire causes trans-boundary air pollution up to Singapore and creates tensions among neighboring countries. Fires in Riau routinely occur every year, although there are a lot of regulations and institutions dealing with fire prevention and smoke haze management. When biomass burns, certain aerosol pollutant is emitted to the atmosphere. High concentration of aerosol could degrade the local air quality and reduce visibility. This study aimed to analyze the relation of forest and land fire in Riau in June 2013 with the air pollution in Riau and Singapore, the characteristics of aerosol in Singapore during the fire period in Riau and the implementation of fire prevention and smoke haze management policies.Research method that being used are a mixture of quantitative and qualitative with secondary and primary data from interview. The research found that Riau fires in June 2013 resulted the increase of Pollutant Standard Index (PSI) until 1084 (hazardous) in Riau, increase the concentration of PM 2,5, and reduce visibility in Singapore. Aerosol characterization through aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångstrom parameter and particle size distribution indicates the existence of a small-sized aerosol in a great number in Singapore which is characteristic of aerosol from forest and land fire. Weak leadership and law enforcement, lack of coordination among institutions in local level as well as low utilization of early warning information are a number of factors inhibiting the implementation of smoke haze management policies.]"

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana implementasi kebijakan pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan serta menganalisis apa saja faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Dalam melaksanakan upaya dalam pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Provinsi Riau, bukan hanya dilakukan dengan sosialisasi dan kegiatan lainnya yang hanya menyasar permukaan dari penyebab permasalahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Tetapi juga menyasar bagaimana pengelolaan tata ruang khususnya pada kawasan gambut. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif pendekatan post positivis dengan studi literatur yang terkait dengan implementasi kebijakan dan pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Sebagai bahan pendukung, peneliti melakukan tinjauan literatur. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bagaimana implementasi kebijakan pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Provinsi Riau dan faktor-faktor yang mempegaruhinya masih terdapat beberapa kekurangan, namun upaya-upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah dapat dioptimalkan. Arah kebijakan Pemerintah Provinsi Riau dalam menetapkan RTRW yang tepat dan akurat untuk mendukung pencegahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan terutama dalam pengelolaan gambut telah menunjukkan komitmen yang tinggi dengan hadirnya kebijakan RPPEG dan Riau Hijau.

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This study aims to analyze how policies are implemented to prevent forest and land fires and analyze the factors that influence them. In carrying out efforts to prevent forest and land fires in Riau Province, it is not only carried out with socialization and other activities that only target the surface of the causes of forest and land fire problems. But it also targets spatial management, especially in peat areas. The research uses a qualitative post-positivist approach with literature studies related to policy implementation and prevention of forest and land fires. As a supporting material, the researcher conducted a literature review. The results of the analysis show how the implementation of forest and land fire prevention policies in Riau Province and the factors that influence them still have some deficiencies, but the efforts made by the government can be optimized. The policy direction of the Riau Provincial Government in establishing a precise and accurate RTRW to support the prevention of forest and land fires, especially in peat management, has shown high commitment with the presence of the RPPEG and Riau Hijau policies."

"Karhutla di Provinsi Riau selalu menjadi sorotan karena ulah manusia yang menyebabkan kerusakan ekosistem hingga kestabilan politik dengan negara tetangga. Untuk menyikapinya, Presiden memprioritaskan upaya pencegahan melalui kolaborasi multisektor antara pemerintah, swasta, hingga masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dalam kolaborasi pencegahan karhutla dengan model collaborative governance. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses collaborative governance secara keseluruhan sudah diterapkan meskipun diperlukan penyempurnaan pada proses dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kolaborasi. Intensitas dialog tatap muka masih rendah dan agenda pembahasan para aktor masih umum terhadap pengendalian kerhutla. Hasil sementara kolaborasi pencegahan belum terukur dengan baik sehingga egosektoral terlihat melalui berbagai program para aktor yang sifatnya mirip. Faktor-faktor yang menghambat kolaborasi adalah desain kelembagaan belum mengalokasi tugas pencegahan para aktor dengan jelas yang beresiko pada tumpang tindih kegiatan dan menurunnya transparansi kolaborasi. Anggaran pencegahan belum memadai karena Provinsi Riau belum memiliki dana alokasi khusus untuk pencegahan dan hanya bergantung pada anggaran aktor yang terlibat.

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Karhutla in Riau Province has always been in the spotlight because of human activities that have caused damage to the ecosystem and political stability with neighboring countries. The President prioritizes prevention efforts through multi-sector collaboration between government, private sector, and community. This study aims to analyze the process and the factors that influence collaboration in preventing ‘karhutla’ with the collaborative governance model. The study indicates that collaborative governance process as a whole has been implemented although improvements are needed in the process and the factors that affect collaboration. Intensity of face-to-face dialogue is still low and the discussion is still on controlling ‘karhutla’. The interim results of prevention collaboration haven’t been well measured so that ego sector can be seen through various programs of actors that are similar in nature. The factors that hinder collaboration are the institutional design hasn’t allocated the task of preventing clearly so it’s risky to overlapping activities and decreasing collaboration transparency. The budget of prevention is not sufficient because Riau Province doesn’t have yet a special allocation fund for prevention and depends on the budget of the actors involved."

"Berbagai usaha pencegahan kejahatan telah dilakukan untuk mencegah kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang disengaja atau karena ulah manusia, mulai dari menggunakan pendekatan Situational Crime Prevention, Community Crime Prevention dan juga Social Crime Prevention. Namun berbagai kendala masih ditemukan sehingga diperlukannya suatu model pencegahan kejahatan lingkungan yang integratif dan sinergis agar lebih efektif.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ulang dan menentukan berbagai batasan mengenai strategi pencegahan kejahatan lingkungan dalam kasus kebakaran hutan dan lahan serta mengidentifikasi kebijakan-kebijakan umum yang mungkin diperlukan untuk mencegah permasalahan itu terjadi. Selain itu, memberikan bahan masukan pencegahan kejahatan yang spesifik bagi kejahatan lingkungan dengan model pencegahan kejahatan integratif. Pada akhirnya menciptakan pemahaman mengenai bagaimana suatu pencegahan kejahatan diciptakan secara terpadu oleh lembaga otoritas Negara.Penelitian ini menghasikan temuan bahwa dari lima narasumber pakar dalam Metode Delphi yang penulis wawancara, masih memilki pemahaman yang berbeda-beda mengenai konsep kejahatan lingkungan dalam kasus kebakaran hutan dan lahan sehingga melahirkan kebijakan pencegahan kejahatan lingkungan yang berbeda-beda pula. Oleh karena itu Negara melalui perangkatnya harus mampu bersinergi mengambil tindakan dan kebijakan yang selaras dalam menanggulangi kebakaran hutan dan lahan dengan model peradilan lingkungan secara khusus guna mempermudah koordinasi dan pengawasan vertikal dan horisontal antar institusi negara. Bentuk integrasi tersebut penulis gambarkan dengan Teori Kemitraan oleh Shuck dan Rosenbaum yang mencakup empat premis yakni jangkauan pengaruh, mekanisme kausal, target intervensi dan juga kemitraan bagi pelayanan masyarakat dalam pencegahan kejahatan. Pada akhirnya, penelitian ini memiliki kesimpulan bahwa perlu adanya model integrasi dari lembaga pemerintah maupun non pemerintahan terutama dalam aspek pencegahan kejahatan lingkungan. Model integrasi ini akan menekan ego sektoral masing-masing entitas-entitas terkait serta mewujudkan tujuan yang sama yakni mencegah terjadinya kejahatan lingkungan dalam kasus kebakaran hutan dan lahan.

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There were a lot of crime prevention had been done to prevent land and forest fire caused by human behaviour, ranging from situational crime prevention, community crime prevention and social crime prevention. However there were still many obstacles so it need an integratif and synergistic environmental crime prevention model to be more effective

This study attempts to review and determine various restrictions on the strategy of environmental crime prevention in the case of forest and land fire and identify the strategy that may be needed to prevent the issue happened . In addition, to give advice about crime prevention specifically for the environmental crime by using integratif prevention model . by the end to create the understanding of how can a crime prevention is created integrally by the state institutions .

This research finds that from five experts in the methods of delphi who were interviewed by the writers, still have different understanding about the concept of environmental crime of land and forest fire cases so that they created different crime prevention policies. Because of that, countries through its officials must be able to synergize to take action and policy in reducing land and forest fire with a specific environmental judicial model to ease coordination and supervision vertically and horizontally between the state institutions. It described with the theory of partnership by shuck and rosenbaum which includes four premise, namely the range of influence, causal mechanism, the intervention target and also partnership for community service in crime prevention. In the end , this research having a conclusion that requires model integration of government and non government agencies especially in aspect of environmental crime prevention. This integrative model will reduce sectoral ego in each related entities to realize that they are having the same purposes to prevent environmental crime in the case of land and forest fire."

"Kebakaran hutan dan lahan, baik disengaja maupun tidak, sering terjadi di Provinsi Riau, Indonesia, terutama saat musim kemarau. Riau memiliki lahan gambut seluas sekitar 4.811.865 ha. Pada akhir 2023, terdapat 163 hotspot kebakaran di Riau, dengan Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu memiliki hotspot terbanyak, yakni 69 titik, terutama di Kecamatan Rengat Barat, Rengat, dan Kuala Cenaku. Selain kondisi fisik lahan gambut, aktivitas manusia seperti kepadatan permukiman dan kerapatan parit juga berperan sebagai penyebab utama kebakaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) dan overlay serta super-imposed untuk mengolah distribusi hotspot, dengan tujuan mengetahui hubungan distribusi spasial potensi bahaya kebakaran hutan dan lahan dengan faktor kedalaman lahan gambut, kepadatan permukiman, dan kerapatan parit berdasarkan wilayah administrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi potensi bahaya kebakaran cenderung mengelompok di area tertentu, seperti Kelurahan Sekip Hilir (Kecamatan Rengat), Kelurahan Sungai Dawu (Kecamatan Rengat Barat), dan Kelurahan Rawa Asri (Kecamatan Kuala Cenaku). Distribusi spasial potensi bahaya kebakaran memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan kedalaman lahan gambut dan kerapatan parit. Kepadatan permukiman yang dekat dengan jaringan jalan cenderung berpotensi rendah terhadap kebakaran, sementara kerapatan parit yang lebih dekat justru berpotensi lebih tinggi karena parit berfungsi sebagai drainase air gambut yang tidak terkendali.

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Forest and land fires in Indonesia's Riau Province are common, particularly during the dry season. Riau's peatlands span about 4,811,865 hectares. By the end of 2023, the province had 163 hotspots, with Indragiri Hulu Regency having the highest number at 69. The numerous hotspots and extensive peatlands in Indragiri Hulu, especially in West Rengat, Rengat, and Kuala Cenaku sub-districts, make these areas particularly vulnerable to fires. Human activities, such as settlement density and drainage density, also contribute significantly to fire occurrences. This study uses Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) and overlay methods to analyze the spatial distribution of fire hazards, focusing on peatland depth, settlement density, and drainage density across administrative areas. The results indicate that fire hazards tend to cluster in specific areas: Sekip Hilir Village (Rengat Sub-district), Sungai Dawu Village (West Rengat Sub-district), and Rawa Asri Village (Kuala Cenaku Sub-district). The spatial distribution of fire hazards is significantly related to peatland depth and drainage density. Areas with high settlement density and close proximity to road networks tend to have lower fire potential. Conversely, areas with higher drainage density have increased fire potential due to uncontrolled peat water drainage systems."

"[ABSTRAKKebakaran lahan dan hutan merupakan ancaman terhadap lingkungan hidup.Kebakaran lahan dan hutan dipengaruhi oleh pola penggunaan lahan untukbudidaya. Karakteristik wilayah rawan kebakaran di Kabupaten Pelalawan adalahwilayah yang memiliki kawasan hutan dengan fungsi hutan produksi konversi danhutan produksi terbatas; memiliki tutupan lahan dengan jenis hutan lahan keringsekunder, semak belukar, semak belukar rawa dan tanah terbuka; serta memilikijenis tanah dan sistem lahan berupa endapan aluvial dan tanah mineral perbukitanrendah, serta jenis tanah gambut dengan kedalaman rendah sampai sedang.Kemunculan hotspot sebagai indikator kebakaran lahan dan hutan memilikihubungan dengan pola curah hujan rendah yang terjadi dua kali selama setahun diPelalawan, yaitu antara Januari─Februari dan yang paling ekstrim padaJuli─Agustus. Langkah mitigasi kebakaran yang dilakukan pemerintah belumdiikuti dengan alternatif solusi budidaya tanam tanpa api. Perubahan budidayajenis tanaman semusim ke tanaman keras adalah bentuk adaptasi yang dilakukanmasyarakat. Laju pertumbuhan penduduk berpengaruh nyata terhadap peluangterjadinya kebakaran lahan dan hutan. Tekanan terhadap penguasaan ruangsebagai dampak dari pembangunan mempengaruhi kearifan lokal penggunaan apidalam pengelolaan lahan. Terbatasnya akses terhadap modal perekonomianmenjadi salah satu faktor penghambat trasformasi sosial ekonomi dan budaya daripertanian subsisten menjadi agraris, sehingga penggunaan api masih menjadibagian dari budaya pengelolaan lahan.

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ABSTRACTLand and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.;Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.;Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.;Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.;Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.;Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.;Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture., Land and forest fires threatening the environment. The occuring of fires influenceby land use for cultivation system. Characteristics of fires vulnerable zone inPelalawan district Riau province indicated by the present of forest area withfunction for convertion and limited production; land cover type from secondarydryland forest, scrub, swampy scrub and open area; and alluvial to plain hillymineral soil and land system, and shallow to moderate depth of peat swamp. Thepresent of hotspots as indicator of fires occuring in land or forest area correspondwith the lowest amount of rainfall which happend twice per annum within thestudy area, it is happend between January to February and extremly happend inJuly to August. The mitigation action proposed by government poorly associatewith alternative solution for zero firest cultivation. The shifting from short periodto parennials agriculture commodity was the adaptation effort taken by thecommunity. The growth of population influence the opportunity of fires mayoccur. The present of land tenure management due to development impact hasinfluencing the local wisdom in using fires for land management. The limitedacces to capital of economic being a barrier to the succes of social culturaltransformation from subsisten to agrarian cultivation, thus the use of fires stillbeing part of land development culture.]"

"Pneumonia merupakan salah satu penyakit yang menyebabkan kematian tertinggi pada balita. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan kejadian pneumonia akibat kebakaran hutan di Provinsi Riau Tahun 2014?2015 dengan Analisis Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional dengan populasi target adalah semua kabupaten/kota di provinsi Riau. Penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariable dengan analisis GWR. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor ISPU dan penggunaan bahan bakar rumah tangga yang tidak aman memiliki hubungan dengan pneumonia (p < 0,05). Sementara hasil analisis multivariable menunjukkan bahwa koefisien B ISPU sebesar 0,001 yang berarti proporsi pneumonia balita akan meningkat sebesar 0,001 apabila nilai ISPU meningkat.

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Pneumonia is a disease that causes high mortality in infants. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the incidence of pneumonia due to forest fires in Riau Province on 2014-2015 with Geographically Weighted Regression ( GWR ) analysis.

This study uses a cross sectional study design with the target population was all districts / cities in Riau Province. This study carried out by univariate, bivariate and multivariable analysis with GWR.

The Results of bivariate analysis showed that the factors ISPU and household fuel has relationship with pneumonia ( p < 0.05 ). While the results of multivariable analysis showed that coefficient B of ISPU is 0.001, which means the proportion of pneumonia toddlers will be increased by 0,001 when the value of ISPU increased."