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"Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat peran cognitive flexibility dan pengalaman mengajar terhadap kesiapan pengajaran daring pada guru kelas rendah sekolah dasar yang mengajar membaca pada situasi pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner online yang disebarkan pada berbagai media sosial untuk mengumpulkan data dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik multiple regression. Kesiapan pengajaran daring diukur menggunakan Readiness for Online Learning Questionnaire (ROLQ) yang dikembangkan oleh McVay (2000, 2001) dan cognitive flexibility diukur menggunakan Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) yang dikembangkan oleh Dennis dan Vander Wal (2009). Pengalaman mengajar pada penelitian ini dilihat dari masa kerja dan dikategorikan menjadi dua kategori, yaitu pemula dan berpengalaman. Total partisipan penelitian berjumlah 155 guru sekolah dasar kelas 1 dan 2 yang mengajar membaca. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa cognitive flexibility dan pengalaman mengajar secara simultan memiliki peran terhadap kesiapan pengajaran membaca secara daring dengan peran cognitive flexibility yang lebih dominan. Ketika dilakukan analisis parsial, cognitive flexibility berperan secara signifikan terhadap kesiapan pengajaran membaca secara daring, namun pengalaman mengajar menunjukkan hasil yang tidak signifikan.

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This study was conducted to examine the role of cognitive flexibility and teaching experience to teaching readiness in lower grade elementary school teachers who teach reading during online learning due to COVID-19 pandemic. Online questionnaires were administered on various social media to collect the data and the data were analyzed using multiple regression techniques. Readiness for online teaching was measured by using Readiness for Online Learning Questionnaire (ROLQ) which was developed by McVay (2000,2001) and cognitive flexibility was measured by using Cognitive flexibility Inventory (CFI) which was developed by Dennis and Vander Wal (2009). The research participants are 155 first and second grade elementary school teachers who teach reading in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that cognitive flexibility and teaching experience simultaneously have a role in online literacy teaching readiness with a more dominant role on cognitive flexibility. When partial analysis is performed, the result shows that cognitive flexibility significantly has a role in online literacy teaching readiness and teaching experience shows insignificant results."

"Pendidikan literasi penting untuk diterapkan demi majunya pendidikan, terutama pada masa pembelajaran daring saat ini, pendidikan literasi tidak mudah dilakukan, khususnya bagi para guru Sekolah Dasar (SD) kelas rendah. Kesiapan pun diperlukan untuk membantu para guru dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran teacher efficacy dan fleksibilitas berpikir terhadap kesiapan pembelajaran literasi secara daring pada guru kelas rendah SD di Indonesia dengan jumlah subjek (N= 136). Alat pengumpulan data berupa kuesioner mengenai teacher efficacy menggunakan Teacher’s Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) dari Tschannen-Moran dan Hoy (2001), fleksibilitas berpikir menggunakan Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) dari Dennis dan Vander Wal (2010) dan kuesioner kesiapan pembelajaran daring menggunakan Readiness for Online Learning Questionnaire (ROLQ) dari McVay (2000). Teknik analisis data menggunakan regresi linear berganda dan diperoleh hasil bahwa secara simultan terdapat peran yang signifikan antara teacher efficacy dan fleksibilitas berpikir terhadap kesiapan guru dalam pembelajaran literasi secara daring dengan sebesar 0,37, yang artinya 37% varians teacher efficacy dan fleksibilitas berpikir keduanya mampu memprediksi kesiapan pembelajaran literasi secara daring. Sedangkan secara parsial, hasil menunjukkan bahwa fleksibilitas berpikir tidak mampu memprediksi kesiapan guru dalam pembelajaran literasi secara daring.

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Literacy education is important to apply for the advancement of education, especially during the current era of online learning, literacy education is not easy to do, especially for low grade elementary school teachers. Readiness is also needed to assist teachers in carrying out learning well. This study aims to examine the role of teacher efficacy and cognitive flexibility on online literacy learning readiness for elementary school teachers in Indonesia with a number of subjects (N = 136). Data collection tools in the form of a questionnaire on teacher efficacy using the Teacher's Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) from Tschannen-Moran and Hoy (2001), cognitive flexibility using the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (CFI) from Dennis and Vander Wal (2010) and online learning readiness questionnaire using Readiness for Online Learning Questionnaire (ROLQ) from McVay (2000). The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression and it was found that simultaneously there is a significant role between teacher efficacy and flexibility of thinking on teacher readiness in online literacy learning with a of 0.37, which means 37% of the variance of teacher efficacy and cognitive flexibility are both able to predict readiness for online literacy learning. While partially, the results show that cognitive flexibility is not able to predict teacher readiness in online literacy learning."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah dukungan sosial dan home literacy environment (HLE) memiliki kontribusi terhadap kesiapan orang tua mengajar literasi anak kelas satu hingga tiga SD saat PJJ. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non-eksperimental dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 320 orang tua berjenis kelamin perempuan dan laki-laki, berdomisili di JABODETABEK. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara online melalui Google Form, mengunggah poster ke media sosial, menghubungi beberapa sekolah di JABODETABEK, menitipkan kuesioner kepada dosen pembimbing dan beberapa guru. Dukungan sosial diukur melalui Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL), HLE diukur melalui Literacy Environment Questionnaire (HLEQ) dan kesiapan orang tua diukur melalui HBL Teacher Readiness. Hasil uji multiple regression menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial dan HLE berkontribusi terhadap kesiapan orang tua mengajar literasi anak kelas satu hingga tiga SD selama PJJ. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa untuk mengajar literasi, orang tua tidak hanya membutuhkan HLE melainkan juga bantuan dari pihak lain berupa dukungan sosial agar dapat meningkatkan kesiapan orang tua dalam mengajar literasi anak SD selama PJJ.

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This study aims to see whether social support and home literacy environment (HLE) have a contribution to the readiness of parents to teach literacy for children in grades one to three of an elementary school during online learning. This research is non-experimental research with a quantitative approach. The participants of this study were 320 parents, male and female, domiciled in JABODETABEK. Data collection was carried out online via Google Form, uploading posters to social media, contacting several schools in JABODETABEK, entrusting questionnaires to supervisors and several teachers. Social support was measured through the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL), HLE was measured through the Literacy Environment Questionnaire (HLEQ) and parental readiness was measured through the HBL Teacher Readiness. The results of the multiple regression test show that social support and HLE contribute to the readiness of parents to teach literacy for children in grades one to three of an elementary school during online learning. This shows that to teach literacy, parents need not only HLE but also assistance from other parties in the form of social support in order to increase the readiness of parents in teaching literacy to elementary school children during online learning."

"Pembelajaran daring akibat pandemi Covid-19 menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi mahasiswa untuk dapat merasakan pengalaman belajar yang optimal atau flow experience. Penelitian korelasional ini hendak melihat hubungan mindfulness dan flow experience pada mahasiswa yang menjalani pembelajaran daring, serta peran mediasi dari fleksibilitas kognitif terhadap hubungan tersebut. Hasil penelitian pada mahasiswa (N=407) menggunakan alat ukur EduFlow-2, CFI, dan MAAS menunjukkan bahwa mindfulness berhubungan positif dengan flow experience (β = 0,14, SE = 0,04, t = 3,43, p<0.01, CI = [0,06-0,22) dan fleksibilitas kognitif memediasi hubungan keduanya secara parsial (β = 0,05, SE = 0,02, p<0.01, CI = [0,02-0,09]). Temuan ini membuktikan bahwa fleksibilitas kognitif memediasi hubungan mindfulness dan flow experience, namun hubungan tersebut dapat dipertahankan tanpa peran dari fleksibilitas kognitif

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Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, learning is carried out online, and it challenges students to be able to experience an optimal learning experience or flow experience. This correlational study aims to identify the relationship between mindfulness and flow experience in students undergoing online learning and the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in this relationship. Involved a total of 407 college students, this study used the EduFlow-2, CFI, and MAAS measuring instruments showing that mindfulness is positively related to flow experience (β = 0.14, SE = 0.04, t = 3.43, p<0.01, CI = [0.06-0.22) and cognitive flexibility partially mediates the relationship between the two (β = 0.05, SE = 0.02, p<0.01, CI = [0.02-0.09]). These findings prove that cognitive flexibility mediates the relationship between mindfulness and flow experience, but the relationship can be maintained without the role of cognitive flexibility."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara teacher efficacy dan strategi pengajaran guru yang ditinjau dari pengalaman mengajar, pada guru sekolah dasar inklusif Negeri di lingkungan kota Depok, Bogor, dan Jakarta dengan jumlah responden 78 guru. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Teacher Sense's of Efficacy Scale (TSES) dan Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire (BCSQ). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara teacher efficacy dengan strategi pengajaran pada guru sekolah dasar inklusif Negeri dengan nilai (r(78)= 0.37, p<0.01). Hasil ini menunjukan semakin tinggi keyakinan yang dimiliki, semakin bervariasi strategi pengajaran yang digunakan pada guru sekolah inklusif Negeri. Pada guru yang mengajar 1-3 tahun tidak ditemukan hubungan yang siginifikan dengan nilai (r(29)=0.11, p>0.05), pada guru yang mengajar 4-5 tahun dan 7-18 tahun ditemukan hubungan yang signifikan dengan nilai (r(26)= 0.59, p<0.01) dan (r(23)= 0.42, p<0.05). Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa pengalaman mengajar yang dimiliki guru berpengaruh terhadap hubungan antara keyakinan yang dimiliki dengan variasi strategi pengajaran yang digunakan. Hasil dari penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa pengalaman mengajar yang dimiliki tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap teacher efficacy yang dimiliki, tetapi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variasi strategi pengajaran yang digunakan pada guru sekolah dasar inklusif Negeri.

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This study aims to determine the relationship between teacher efficacy and teaching strategies teachers in terms of teaching experience of the National elementary inclusive school teachers in the city of Depok, Bogor and Jakarta with the number of respondents 78 teachers. Measuring instrument used in this study is Teacher's Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) and Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire (BCSQ). The results of this study showed positive and significant relationship between teacher efficacy with teaching strategies of National elementary inclusive school teachers by value (r(78) = 0.37, p<0.01).

This result suggests that the higher the confidence, the more varied teaching strategies used by the National elementary inclusive school teachers. Teachers who teach 1-3 year was not found significant relationship with value (r(29) = 0.11, p>0.05), there was a significant correlation with the value (r( 26) = 0:59, p<0:01) and (r(23) = 0:42, p<0.05) for the teachers who teach 4-5 years and 7-18 years. These results indicate that the teachers experience teaching affect the relationship between teacher efficacy they have with the variation of teaching strategies used. Results from this study also shows that teaching experience possessed no significant influence on teacher efficacy, but significantly influence the variation of teaching strategies used on National elementary inclusive school teachers."

"Keberhasilan pendidikan inklusif di Indonesia tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh sikap melainkan juga oleh strategi pengajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru. Penelitian korelasional ini menggunakan alat ukur sikap MATIES (Multidimensional Attitude Toward Inclusive Education Scale) yang mengukur sikap berdasarkan komponennya yaitu kognitif, afektif, dan konatif serta alat ukur strategi pengajaran yaitu BCSQ (Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire) yang memiliki tiga macam strategi pengajaran yaitu total score, strategi pengajaran individual, dan strategi pengajaran kognitif. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 140 orang guru sekolah dasar inklusif di daerah Jabodetabek. Guru dikelompokan berdasarkan lama mengajarnya yaitu kelompok guru senior dan kelompok guru junior. Analisis hasil dilakukan dengan Pearson correlation untuk melihat korelasi yang signifikan dan independent sample t-test untuk melihat perbedaan masing-masing variabel. Hasil korelasi yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa, pada kelompok guru senior, tidak semua komponen sikap berkorelasi dengan strategi pengajaran. Di sisi lain, pada kelompok guru junior, semua komponen sikap ditemukan berkorelasi dengan semua strategi pengajaran. Hasil korelasi yang didapat berarti semakin positif suatu komponen sikap maka guru semakin sering menggunakan variasi strategi pengajaran. Terkait perbedaan sikap antara kedua kelompok, komponen sikap yang ditemukan berbeda adalah komponen kognitif. Untuk strategi pengajaran, perbedaan antara kedua kelompok terjadi pada strategi pengajaran kognitif. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan adanya kebutuhan pelatihan bagi guru untuk meningkatkan sikap dan strategi pengajaran mereka.

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The success of inclusive education in Indonesia not only affected with teachers' attitudes toward inclusive education but also with teachers teaching strategy. This correlational research is using MATIES (Multidimensional Attitudes Toward Inclusive Education Scale) which measure attitude based on cognitive, affective, and connative components. For teaching strategies, the instrument that has been used is BCSQ (Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire) which has three kinds of teaching strategies: total score, individual instruction, and cognitive strategy instruction. This study is conducted on 140 inclusive primary school teachers in the Jabodetabek area. Teachers were grouped based on the years of teaching experiences, senior teachers group and junior teachers group. Pearson correlation is used to examine the significant correlations and independent sample t-test is used to see the difference of each variable.

The results show that in the group of senior teachers, not all of attitudes component were correlated with teaching strategies whereas, in the group of junior teachers, all components were found to be correlated with all of teaching strategies. This correlation means teachers with more positive attitudes will have a more frequent teaching strategy. For different attitudes between the two groups, cognitive component is found to be different in both groups of participants. In addition, cognitive teaching strategy is also found to be different component between two groups. This research indicate that there is a need for teacher training in both groups to encourage their attitudes and their teaching strategies."

"Pendidikan inklusif merupakan sistem pendidikan yang dewasa ini diimplementasikan untuk meningkatkan partisipasi anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) di sekolah umum. Pada konteks Indonesia, penerapan pendidikan inklusif memiliki beberapa hambatan, termasuk didalamnya adalah peran guru dalam memberikan strategi pengajaran inklusif yang belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat peran mediasi teacher efficacy terhadap hubungan antara dukungan sekolah dan strategi pengajaran inklusif di Sekolah Dasar Inklusif. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah BCSQ (Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire), PSSIE (Perceived School Support for Inclusive Education), dan TEIP (Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice). Partisipan dalam penelitian ini adalah 324 guru SD inklusif dari 15 provinsi. Hasil analisis mediasi menunjukkan bahwa teacher efficacy memiliki peran mediasi total terhadap hubungan antara dukungan sekolah dan strategi pengajaran inklusif, yaitu dengan direct effect yang tidak signifikan (β=0,1128, p=0,051) dan indirect effect yang signifikan (β=0,2636, [0,1882, 0,3570]). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dukungan dari sekolah untuk mengimplementasikan pendidikan inklusif akan mempengaruhi efikasi guru dalam mengajar, sehingga akan memunculkan strategi pengajaran inklusif. Saran bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat melakukan observasi langsung terhadap strategi pengajaran. Hasil dari penelitian ini memiliki implikasi yang kuat untuk meningkatkan praktik pendidikan inklusif di Indonesia, terutama dalam pemberdayaan guru dalam pengajaran inklusif.

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Inclusive education has become the world’s recent strategy to increase student with special needs’ (SEN) participation in mainstream school. In Indonesia, inclusive education has several obstacles, including the role of teachers in giving inclusive teaching strategies that were not optimum. This study investigated the mediation of teacher efficacy towards the relationship between school support and teaching strategies in an inclusive primary school in Indonesia. The measurement used in this study were BCSQ (Bender Classroom Structure Questionnaire), PSSIE (Perceived School Support for Inclusive Education), and TEIP (Teacher Efficacy for Inclusive Practice). The participants were 324 inclusive primary school teachers from 15 provinces. Process Mediation Model analysis revealed that teacher efficacy has a total mediation role in the relationship between school support and inclusive teaching strategies, which shown by significant direct effect (β=0,1128, p=0,051) and insignificant indirect effect (β=0,2636, [0,1882, 0,3570]). This reflects a notion that the supports from school will lead to teacher efficacy in teaching SEN, then effective inclusive teaching strategys will emerge. Further research could consider direct observation of inclusive teaching. The results have strong implications to enhance inclusive education practice in Indonesia, especially for teacher empowerment in terms of inclusive teaching."

"Sejak COVID-19 menimpa Indonesia, pemerintah mengimbau seluruh siswa untukmelakukan pembelajaran jarak jauh (PJJ), yaitu sebuah kondisi dimana pengajardan peserta didik tidak berada di tempat yang sama. Perubahan sistem pembelajaran ini tentunya mempengaruhi berbagai kondisi peserta didik, termasuk bagaimana ia mempersepsikan pengalaman belajar yang dimiliki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat apakah kesiapan belajar online dapat memprediksi persepsi mahasiswa terhadap belajar. Partisipan pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa yang melaksanakan PJJ selama masa pandemi (N=540). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan belajar online mempengaruhi persepsi terhadap belajar baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung melalui motivasi akademik. Regulasi diri dan sikap terhadap e-learning yang dimiliki mahasiswa memperkuat kaitan antaramotivasi akademik dan persepsi terhadap belajar yang dimiliki. Namun, hubungantidak langsung antara kesiapan belajar online dan persepsi terhadap belajar tidakbergantung pada regulasi diri dan sikap terhadap e-learning yang dimiliki. Hal ini menandakan bahwa siswa yang sudah siap untuk menjalani PJJ serta memiliki motivasi yang tinggi, dapat mempersepsikan pengalaman belajarnya dengan baik.

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Since COVID-19 reached Indonesia, the government notify all students to conduct

distance learning: a condition in which lecturers and students are not in the same

place. The change over this learning system certainly affects students’

psychological conditions, including how they perceive their learning experiences.

This study investigated whether online learning readiness can predict perceived

learning. Participants in this study were undergraduate students who undergo

distance learning during pandemic (N = 540). The results showed that online

learning readiness predicts perceived learning both directly and indirectly through

academic motivation. However, self-regulated learning and attitudes toward elearning

could strengthen the link between academic motivation and perceived

learning. The indirect relationship between online learning readiness and perceived

learning was not conditional on the students’ self-regulated learning and attitudes

toward e-learning. This indicates that students who are ready for online learning

and highly motivated are more likely to perceive their learning better."

"Mahasiswa baru menghadapi banyak tantangan saat memasuki perguruan tinggi. Namun, tantangan yang dihadapi mahasiswa baru angkatan 2020 bertambah dengan adanya perkuliahan daring akibat pandemi COVID-19. Adapun pandemi COVID-19 merupakan peristiwa traumatis yang dapat meningkatkan traumatic event stress mahasiswa baru. Ditemukan adanya hubungan yang negatif antara kesiapan belajar daring dan optimisme dengan traumatic event stress. Kesiapan belajar dan optimisme menjadi penting untuk diteliti guna mengetahui besaran pengaruhnya terhadap tingkat stres mahasiswa baru. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian regresi sederhana yang bertujuan untuk melihat besaran kontribusi kesiapan belajar daring dan optimisme terhadap traumatic event stress mahasiswa baru. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa baru yang berjumlah 327 orang (88 laki-laki dan 238 perempuan; rata-rata usia = 18,10). Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa optimisme dan kesiapan belajar daring tidak signifikan dalam berkontribusi terhadap traumatic event stress (p>0,05, p=0,48, p=0,65, secara berurutan). Besaran kontribusi optimisme dan kesiapan daring terhadap traumatic event stress sangatlah minim (R2=0,02%, R2=0,01%, secara berurutan). Seluruh hipotesis dalam penelitian ini ditolak dan adapun diskusi serta saran mengenai hasil penelitian ini akan dijelaskan lebih lanjut

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First year students face many challenges when entering university. However, the challenges faced by first year students of the 2020 are increased by online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is sugested as traumatic event that can increase students traumatic event stress. It was found that there was a negative relationship between readiness to online learning and optimism with level of traumatic event stress. Readiness to online learning and optimism are important to be researched in order to see the magnitude of their effect on students level of stress. This research is a simple regression research which aims to see the contribution of readiness to online learning and optimism on students level of traumatic event stress. The participants of this study were 327 of first year students (88 male and 238 female; mean age = 18.10). The results of the regression analysis showed that optimism and readiness to online learning were not significant in contributing on traumatic event stress levels (p> 0.05, p=0.48, p=0.65, respectively). The contribution of optimism and readiness to online learning on traumatic event stress levels is minimal (R2 = 0.02%, R2 = 0.01%, respectively). All hypotheses in this study are rejected and implications this study are discussed."