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"Indonesian women representation in parliament is indeed a dilemma that has lasted a long time. The number of members elected legislature since the 1995 election until the 2009 election has not even produce a legislative member of the women in large numbers."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami bagaimana khalayak dewasa muda non-heteroseksual mengidentifikasi dan memaknai ikon non-heteroseksual di media arus utama. Representasi komunitas non-heteroseksual semakin berkembang di media seiring perkembangan industri budaya populer (Levina et al., 2000; Milone, 2016). Peneliti menggunakan teori representasi dan simbol Stuart Hall (1997) untuk memahami bagaimana khalayak khalayak dewasa muda non-heteroseksual mengidentifikasi representasi non-heteroseksual di media Hollywood. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga mengeksplorasi bagaimana mereka memaknai ikon representasi. Peneliti mewawancarai secara mendalam lima non-heteroseksual dalam rentang usia awal 20an (20-24 tahun), atau dewasa muda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa khalayak dewasa muda non-heteroseksual mengidentifikasi representasi non-heteroseksual sebagai anggota komunitas non-heteroseksual. Mereka menyeleksi representasi Hollywood berdasarkan penilaian mereka terhadap akurasi dan kredibilitas dari penggambaran komunitas non-heteroseksual yang ada di media. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah khalayak dewasa muda non-heteroseksual mengapresiasi adanya representasi non-heteroseksual di media Hollywood, karena meningkatkan inklusivitas representasi anggota komunitas non-heteroseksual. Namun, khalayak dewasa muda non-heteroseksual menganggap Hollywood masih perlu menyediakan gambaran sosok non-heteroseksual yang lebih positif, menyeluruh, beragam, dan tidak unidimensional. Untuk melakukannya, maka Hollywood perlu melakukan heterogenisasi representasi non-heteroseksual.

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This study aims to understand how non-heterosexual young adults identify and interpret non-heterosexual icons in mainstream media. The representation of the non-heterosexual community is growing in the media along with the development of the popular culture industry (Levina et al., 2000; Milone, 2016). The researcher uses Stuart Hall's (1997) representation and symbol theory to understand how non-heterosexual young adult audiences identify non-heterosexual representations in Hollywood media. In addition, this study also explores how they interpret the icon representation. Researchers interviewed in-depth five non-heterosexuals in their early 20s (20-24 years old), or young adults. The results of this study indicate that non-heterosexual young adults identify non-heterosexual representations as members of the non-heterosexual community. They select Hollywood representations based on their assessment of the accuracy and credibility of the portrayal of the non-heterosexual community in the media. The conclusion of this study is that non-heterosexual young adults appreciate the existence of non-heterosexual representation in Hollywood media, because it increases the inclusiveness of representation of members of the non-heterosexual community. However, the non-heterosexual young adult audience believes that Hollywood still needs to provide a more positive, holistic, diverse, and non-unidimensional picture of non-heterosexual figures. To do so, Hollywood needs to heterogenize non-heterosexual representation."

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Lonjakan pengungsi yang kemudian disebut sebagai ‘vluchtelingencrisis’ turut memicu perdebatan masyarakat di Belanda. Berbagai media massa, mulai dari berita, karya sastra hingga film turut menyoroti situasi dan respon Belanda terhadap masalah pengungsi. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji bagaimana film pendek Valt een Man uit de Lucht (2018) merepresentasikan perbedaan respon masyarakat Belanda terhadap arus kedatangan pengungsi ke Belanda pasca terjadinya lonjakan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan. Dalam menganalisis masalah penelitian menggunakan pendekatan semiotika Roland Barthes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam film pengungsi digambarkan sebagai orang lemah, tidak berdaya, terluka, dan membutuhkan pertolongan. Pada analisis tokoh, ditemukan dua respon berbeda yaitu negatif dan positif. Tokoh Ton merepresentasikan respon negatif. Sedangkan respon positif direpresentasikan oleh tokoh Ineke. Kedua tokoh ini merupakan representasi dari masyarakat Belanda. Secara konteks, terdapat kemiripan sifat tokoh Ton dengan interpretasi lukisan Landschap met de val van Icarus (c. 1555) karya Pieter Bruegel de Oude.

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The surge in refugees, later referred to as the 'refugee crisis', also sparked a public debate in the Netherlands. Various mass media, ranging from news, literature, to films, also highlighted the situation and the Dutch respone to the refugee problem. This research will examine how the short film Valt een Man uit de Lucht (2018) represents the difference in the respone of the Dutch community to the flow of refugee arrivals to the Netherlands after the surge. This research is qualitative research using the literature study method and using the semiotic approach of Roland Barthes in analyzing research problems. The results showed that refugees are depicted as weak, helpless, injured, and in need of help in the films. In the character analysis, two different respones were found, namely negative and positive. The character Ton represented a negative respone. Meanwhile, the positive respone is represented by the character Ineke. Both of these figures is a representation of Dutch society. In context, there are similarities between Ton's character with the interpretation of Pieter Bruegel de Oude's painting Landschap met de val van Icarus (c. 1555).

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"Tesis ini merupakan hasil penelitian tentang rekonstruksi representasi perempuan Arab di tahun 1980-an dalam novel remaja yang berjudul Faten karya Fatima Sharafeddine. Landasan teori yang digunakan adalah teori ginokritik Elaine Showalter yang menekankan pada tulisan perempuan yang berbicara tentang perempuan. Permasalahan yang diangkat di dalam penelitian ini adalah representasi perempuan Arab di tengah kultur masyarakat Arab yang patriarkal yang menempatkan perempuan Arab pada posisi yang tidak menguntungkan. Para perempuan, baik remaja maupun dewasa dituntut secara budaya untuk tunduk pada kekuasaan laki-laki. Hal ini yang dipotret oleh Fatima Sharafeddine dalam novelnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat rekonstruksi representasi perempuan yang diwakili oleh para tokoh remaja perempuan di dalam novel. Remaja perempuan sanggup memenangkan cita-cita dan keinginannya yang bertentangan dengan konstruksi budaya patriarkal melalui berbagai strategi. Di samping itu, berdasarkan penelitian ini, remaja perempuan di dalam novel juga mampu menjadi diri mereka (self) dan menemukan dunia mereka sendiri.

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This thesis is a research about the reconstruction of Arabic women representation in young adult literature that the titled Faten by Fatima Sharafeddine. The researcher will apply gynocritic theory by Elaine Showalter that focus on women?s writing that speak about women. The problem in this research is about Arabic women representation in the pathriarchal culture. Almost all of Arabic women still in the marginal position.

From this study, the researcher find the reconstruction of women representation that showed by adolescent in this novel. Women adolescent can reach their dreams which are contrary to the construction of pathriarchal culture by any strategy. Moreover, based on the research, woman adolescents in this novel can be themselves & find their own world in their lives."

"ABSTRAKSalah satu kriteria dalam standar kecantikan adalah kulit. Di Jerman, perempuan berkulit cokelat dianggap lebih menarik, sehingga berbagai produk pencokelat kulit banyak ditemui di pasaran. Untuk memasarkan berbagai produk tersebut, media memiliki peranan yang sangat besar melalui pemasangan iklan. Sebagai salah satu produk media yang paling efektif dalam memengaruhi pola pikir masyarakat, iklan penting untuk dianalisis. Penelitian ini menganalisis iklan Nivea Sun Protect and Bronze, sebuah produk pencokelat kulit, untuk melihat bagaimana penggambaran dalam iklan menegaskan mitos kecantikan dalam masyarakat. Dengan melakukan analisis tekstual terhadap iklan tersebut, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kriteria cantik dalam masyarakat Jerman dibentuk dengan menampilkan gambaran perempuan langsing dan berkulit cokelat sebagai perempuan ideal.

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ABSTRACTGlowing, younger looking and healthy skin is one of the criteria in beauty myth. In Germany, tanned skin is perceived as more attractive. Therefore, a variety of indoor tanning products can be easily found in the market. Media plays a significant role to sell those products through advertising, which at the same time plays a crucial role in influencing people. Thus it is important to analyze advertising in order to investigate the ideology that lies beneath the surface of the text. This research focuses on analyzing an ad, namely Nivea Sun Protect and Bronze, to see how the depiction in advertising confirms the beauty myth in society. By conducting textual analysis of the ad, the study finds that the beauty myth in German society is formed by displaying an idealized tanned female body."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas representasi perempuan dalam film Tsuda Umeko: Osatsu ni Natta Ryuugakusei serta menganalisis masalah yang dihadapi oleh Tsuda Umeko dalam film tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua teori sebagai kerangka analisis, yaitu feminisme liberal oleh Rosemarie Tong (2006, 2007) dan teori kode televisi John Fiske (2001) yang terdiri dari tiga tingkat, yaitu realitas, representasi, dan ideologi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis teks dan analisis visual. Dalam analisis tersebut, data yang ditemukan dibagi menjadi dua kategori, yaitu representasi perempuan tradisional yang mengikuti nilai budaya patriarki dan konsep ryousai kenbo, serta representasi perempuan baru yang dipengaruhi oleh feminisme. Ditemukan tujuh data yang menggambarkan representasi perempuan tradisional dan dua belas data yang menggambarkan representasi perempuan baru. Representasi perempuan tradisional menunjukkan perempuan yang bersikap pasif, patuh, tidak berbicara dengan tegas, dan bergantung pada pernikahannya. Sementara itu, representasi perempuan baru menampilkan sikap yang lebih gigih, berani mengutarakan pendapat, dan mengutamakan pendidikan dan karir. Temuan ini, bersama dengan masalah yang dihadapi oleh Tsuda Umeko dalam film, menunjukkan adanya dua ideologi yang bertentangan. Meskipun terdapat nilai-nilai yang sesuai dengan feminisme liberal, dominasi patriarki dalam masyarakat Jepang pada era Meiji masih sangat kuat. Budaya patriarki telah terinternalisasi baik pada laki-laki maupun perempuan, sehingga sulit untuk melakukan perubahan yang bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai tersebut.

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This study aims to discuss the representation of women in the film Tsuda Umeko: Osatsu ni Natta Ryuugakusei and analyze the problems faced by Tsuda Umeko in the film. This research uses two theories as an analytical framework, namely liberal feminism by Rosemarie Tong (2006, 2007) and John Fiske's television code theory (2001) that consists of three levels, which is reality, representation, and ideology. The research method used is text analysis and visual analysis. In the analysis, the data found were divided into two categories, the representation of traditional women who follow patriarchal cultural values and the concept of ryousai kenbo, and the representation of new women who are influenced by feminism. Seven data were found describing the representation of traditional women and twelve data describing the representation of new women. The traditional female representation shows a woman who is passive, obedient, does not speak assertively, and is dependent on her marriage. Meanwhile, new female representations show a more persistent attitude, daring to express opinions, and prioritizing education and careers. These findings, along with the problems faced by Tsuda Umeko in the movie, suggest the existence of two conflicting ideologies. Although there are values that are in line with liberal feminism, the dominance of patriarchy in Japanese society during the Meiji era was still very strong. Patriarchal culture has been internalized in both men and women, making it difficult to make changes that contradict these values."

"Film (色，戒) Sè, Jiè karya Ang Lee dirilis pada tahun 2007 , mengisahkan tentang perjalanan seorang wanita bernama Wang Jiazhi yang bekerja sebagai mata-mata. Film ini diangkat dari novela dengan judul yang sama karya penulis wanita ternama di Cina, Eileen Chang. Berlatarkan Hongkong di tahun 1938 dan Shanghai di tahun 1942 pada saat perang Sino-Jepang kedua. Film ini mengisahkan bagaimana sosok Wang Jiazhi, seorang mahasiswi tahun pertama Universitas Lingnan, menjadi seorang mata-mata yang menargetkan kolabolator Jepang bernama Yi Mocheng. Melalui analisis tokoh Wang Jiazhi, pada makalah ini penulis ingin membahas apa saja strategi yang dilakukan selama ia menjadi mata-mata, dan apakah tokoh Wang Jiazhi mampu merepresentasikan narasi mata-mata penggoda atau seductress spy yang berkembang pada masa Republik Tiongkok (1911-1949).

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Sè, Jiè (色，戒) is a movie directed by Ang Lee and was released in 2007. The movie tells about a long journey of a young woman named Wang Jiazhi that works as a spy. This movie made based on a same-titled novella written by the most famous female writer in China, Eileen Chang. The story is set in Hong Kong in 1938 and Shanghai in 1942, during the Sino-Japanese war. It depicts how a Lingnan University freshman, Wang Jiazhi, became a spy and targeted a Japanese collaborator named Yi Mocheng. Through the character analysis of Wang Jiazhi, this paper will discuss what kind of strategy that Jiazhi use to get into Yi Mocheng and did the character of Wang Jiazhi represented the narration of seductress-spy that is familiar during the Republic of China period (1911-1949)."

"Objektifikasi perempuan dalam berbagai media massa masih menjadi topik yang menarik hingga saat ini, misalnya representasi gender dalam film. Pada tahun 2022, Netflix merilis serial berjudul Die Kaiserin yang mengangkat isu serupa. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, dalam penelitian ini dianalisis bagaimana dialog-dialog tokoh yang menjadi korpus dalam serial ini data dapat merepresentasikan praktik objektifikasi perempuan melalui analisis pemaknaan dialog secara semantik maupun pragmatik berdasarkan teori Blanke (1973) dan Cruse (2013). Secara semantik, analisis dilakukan dengan pemaknaan referensial yang didukung dengan pemaknaan situasi ujarannya dalam menemukan tindakan objektifikasi dalam dialog tersebut. Sementara itu, dari hasil analisis pragmatik, ditemukan penggunaan deiksis persona, waktu, dan wacana yang disertai tindak tutur lokusi, ilokusi dan perlokusi dalam merujuk tindakan objektifikasi pada tokoh utama Elizabeth. Dari hasil analisis pemaknaan dialog tersebut ditemukan lima bentuk representasi yang mengandung ciri tindakan objektifikasi berdasarkan teori Nussbaum (1995), yaitu penyangkalan subjektivitas perempuan, perempuan dipandang sebagai objek kecantikan, perempuan sebagai objek seksualitas, perempuan sebagai alat untuk melanjutkan keturunan, dan perempuan dipandang sebagai properti yang dapat dimiliki laki-laki.

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The objectification of women in various mass media is still an interesting topic today, for example, gender representation in films. In 2022, Netflix released a series entitled Die Kaiserin which raised a similar issue. Using qualitative descriptive methods, this research analyzes how the dialogues of the characters in this series which form the data corpus can represent the practice of objectifying women by analyzing the meaning of dialogue semantically and pragmatically based on the theories of Blanke (1973) and Cruse (2013). Semantically, the analysis is carried out with referential meaning which is supported by the meaning of the situation in finding acts of objectification in the dialogue. Meanwhile, from the results of the pragmatic analysis, it was found that the use of persona, time, and discourse deixis was accompanied by locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary speech acts in referring to the act of objectification of the main character Elizabeth. From the results of the analysis of the meaning of the dialogue, five forms of representation were found that contain the characteristics of objectification based on Nussbaum's theory (1995), namely the denial of women's subjectivity, women are seen as objects of beauty, women are seen as objects of sexuality, women are a tool to continue their offspring, and women are seen as property that men can have"

"ABSTRAKThis study examined factors that determine immigrant womens service usage, using Gelberg-Andersens Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations as a conceptual framework. Considering that the degree to which female marriage migrants take advantage of support services varies considerably within the group, special analytic attention was given to possible differences in service utilization patterns depending on their employment status. The study utilized National Survey on Multicultural Family data set from 2009. Among the total 154,333 individuals, the study used a sub-sample of 53,155 female marriage migrants. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine possible differences in service utilization in relations to employment status. The relationship between the two support services (adjustment assistance services and family care services) was examined. In addition, the three domains of factors that jointly explain the use of services among female marriage migrants were explored. The study found that female marriage migrants have different needs depending on their employment status. In terms of adjustment assistance service use determinants, the strongest predictor was having Joseonjok (Korean-Chinese) ethnicity for both the employed and unemployed group. When predicting the family care service use, number of children turned out to be the strongest predictor for the employed group, whereas perceived needs turned out as the strongest predictor for the unemployed group. Findings from the study may provide useful implications for the development of social work services and/or service delivery systems that are tailored to the different needs of immigrant women based on their positions within the labor market."