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"Konvergensi IFRS 16 pada PSAK 73 menerapkan model akuntansi tunggal sehingga memilki dampak yang signifikan. Penelitian ini memuat analisis implikasi pajak yang timbul atas berlaku efektifnya PSAK 73 pada 1 Januari 2020 dengan penyajian studi kasus PT. X, sebagai pihak Lessee. Penerapan PSAK 73 pada PT. X ialah secara retrospektif dengan dampak kumulatif. Penelitian ini disusun dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data studi lapangan melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Yang kemudian dianalisis dengan teknis analisis metode kualitatif. Pada metode analisis data digunakan metode studi lapangan dan studi literatur. PT. X memilih untuk penerapan retrospektif dengan dampak kumulatif pada awal penerapannya yaitu, 1 Januari 2020. Akibatnya pada saldo laba ditahan awal tahun 2020, tidak terjadi penyesuaian atas sewa. Temuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, terdapat penyesuaian atas penerapan PSAK 73, sebagai akibat dari perbedaan aturan akuntansi dan pajak terkait pembayaran Sewa Guna Usaha (SGU) dan penyusutan atas aset sewa guna sebelum Lessee menggunakan hak opsi untuk membeli. Selain itu, aset Lease PT. X menjadi meningkat karena dituntut untuk mengakui aset hak guna serta liabilitasnya. Dengan penerapan PSAK 73, selisih nilai laporan keuangan komersial dan laporan keuangan. fiskal yang dimiliki Lessee semakin besar sehingga membutuhkan koreksi fiskal dalam menghitung pajak penghasilan terutang.

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The convergence of IFRS 16 in PSAK 73 applies a single accounting model so that it has a significant impact. This study contains an analysis of tax implications arising from the effectiveness of PSAK 73 on January 1, 2020 with the presentation of case studies, PT. X as the Lessee. Implementation of PSAK 73 in PT. X is retrospectively with cumulative effect. This research was prepared with qualitative approach. Technical analysis in data collection is using descriptive methods. In data analysis method used field study method and literature study. Pt. X opted for retrospective implementation with cumulative impact at the beginning of its implementation, namely, January 1, 2020. As a result of retained earnings balances beginning in 2020, there is no adjustment to the lease. The findings in this study are that there are adjustments to the application of PSAK 73, as a result of differences in accounting and tax rules related to payment of Leases (SGU) and depreciation of Lease assets before the Lessee uses the right option to buy. In addition, PT. X Lease assets is increasing because it is required to recognize its right of use assets and its liabilities. With the implementation of PSAK 73, the difference in the value of commercial Financial statements and fiscal Financial statements owned by the Lessee bigger, requires a fiscal correction in calculating the income tax owed."

"Perbedaan kepentingan antara Wajib Pajak dengan Pemerintah dalam hal pajak merupakan suatu hal yang wajar di sisi Wajib Pajak membayar pajak artinya mengurangi kemampuan ekonomis mereka tetapi dilain pihak pajak merupakan sumber dana bagi Pemerintah dalam melaksanakan pembangunan. Wajib Pajak berusaha melakukan cara untuk dapat mengefisienkan pajak mereka. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan manajemen pajak, salah satu bagian dalam manajemen pajak adalah kepatuhan pajak dan PT X merupakan kasus yang menarik untuk melihat kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dalam menjalankan kewajiban perpajakannya.Tinjauan terhadap kepatuhan kewajiban pajak ini dibagi dalam tiga bagian yaitu tinjauan terhadap kepatuhan dalam kewajiban Pajak Penghasilan (PPh) Badan Wajib Pajak, tinjauan terhadap kepatuhan dalam pelaksanaan kewajiban PPh Pasal 21 dan tinjauan terhadap kepatuhan dalam kewajiban Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN). Tinjauan ini dibatasi hanya pada tahun pajak 2004.Tinjauan terhadap kepatuhan dalam kewajiban PPh badan Wajib Pajak menunjukan bahwa PT X cukup patuh dalam melaksanakan kewajiban materiilnya sebagai Wajib Pajak namun terhadap kewajiban pelaporan dan pembayaran SPT masih kurang patuh.Tinjauan terhadap kepatuhan dalam kewajiban PPh Pasal 21 perusahaan, menunjukkan bahwa PT X kurang patuh dalam menjalankan kewajiban perpajakannya.Tinjauan terhadap kepatuhan dalam kewajiban PPN menunjukkan bahwa berkaitan dengan kewajiban materiil PT X sudah patuh namun untuk kewajiban pelaporan dan pembayaran SPT masih kurang patuh. Wajib Pajak harus lebih meningkatkan pengetahuannya tentang ketentuan perpajakan dan harus lebih patuh dalam mernbayar dan melaporkan pajaknya."

"Everyone who has a debt has an obligation to pay. But the problem is debtor not always in the best financial condition and having fund to paid in. In that situation, debtor need to rescheduling the term of payment. If this rescheduling can be acceptable by creditor, the debtor can have an opportunity to pay. But if the creditor doesn?t want to rescheduling the term of payment so one way to solve this problem is by having a debt restructuring. One of the debt restructuring method is debt to asset method. In order to make this restructuring became efficient and effective, debitur need to have a tax management in debt restructuring. Researcher choose this topic because he wish to know about the appropriate tax management that can be apply in debt restructuring by using debt to asset swap method. The research is use qualitative descriptive method and two ways of collecting data techniques. They are in depth interview and literature evaluation. The information get from the interview than compared with secondary data to have a validity data. In this writing of script problems to be lifted is: How is the tax implementation of debt restructuring by using debt to asset method? How is tax management can be applicable in debt restructuring by using debt to asset swap method? What is the constraint of tax management application in case of debt restructuring by using debt to asset swap? Tax management in case of debt restructuring by using debt to asset swap method can be apply by having a good knowledge about tax regulation that regulate about the various asset that can be used for pay the debt. Every asset have each tax effect, therefore if you want to having a tax management in order to restructuring your debt with debt to asset swap, you must known well about the tax effect in each asset that you want to used to pay the obligations."

"This thesis covered the income tax treatment of leasing transaction in PT. Y. The topic was chosen after the writer have had seen so many regulation about leasing practical. It became a curiosity for the author, whether some regulation does not match to other, or the confusion that might happen among the users. Subject matter of these researches is what the tax clerk might do in a leasing transaction to meet the income tax system regulation. With a list, taxation duty that has been accomplished by PT Y, divergence that is occurred in the leasing, and the efforts in order to make the leasing transaction is more appropriate to the tax income regulation. The research method is a descriptive approach to the case study, which is a research about status of the subject matter that links with some specific phase.Leasing defined as a practical of cost activity that supply capital goods according to either option right or non-option right to some lessee to used for the installment. There are draft theories in this thesis. First, economy principle from a leasing transaction which contain leasing that define from various theories and the divergence in leasing with a transaction such as renting activity, hire purchase, installment sales and credit loan, the advantage and disadvantage of a leasing transaction activity. Second, taxes, which generally contain tax definition, basic law of tax in Indonesia, taxes from various opinions, tax function and tax principle. Third, the tax and account treatment of leasing transaction, tax and account treatment from a leasing transaction as well.Income tax system from a leasing transaction is contained with tax income policy, act of tax linking to a leasing transaction, which is the decree of the republic of Indonesia and Exposure Draft as well. The Author also adding the certainty rules that is interrelated with leasing industries in Indonesian which contains Presidential decree of the Republic of Indonesia about the financing institution, circular letter from the Ministry of Finance Affairs, Ministry of Industrial Affairs, and Ministry of commerce Affairs about the operation license of the leasing company, the regulation, and the implementation systems of financing institution.Author has had interviewing PT Y as a lesser, some lessee from PT Y and tax staff in Madya Tax Service Office Central of Jakarta and Central Tax Office of Directorate General of Taxation as research object to build the body of work in this thesis. From the interviewed, they had given the answers of the subject matters in this thesis for the author. The taxes staff had suggested the author to review some tax policy. Capital goods grouping that mentioned in the Decree of the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia which had been adapted to a valid income tax law. Whereas from the lesser and lessee, the author obtaining some complains due to the divergence which are occurred in the fields and the lack of comprehension of the taxation rules from the lessee: Therefore, the author has obtained more comprehension about the cases that related with a leasing transaction which occur in the fields it self.The interviewed with all those three parties has been analyzed by the author is connected to subject matter in these thesis. And it could be connected as well with income tax policy and the implementation regulation upon leasing transaction. The author found that implementation regulation of tax is still inappropriate yet one and another. The unstable and inappropriate law could merge some problem, which caused the lesser, and the country loosed.There are some conclusion from these research which is the lesser had claimed that the tax clerk ask for the fee, but that was before Madya Tax Service Office had been formed. Some more, there is lack of knowledge of the tax clerk according to leasing transaction's policy. According to the conclusion above, Tax Commission has changed all the Tax Service Office into Madya Tax Service Office, such as Tax Service Office Madya central of Jakarta. Training and education are suggested to tax clerk to enhance human resource among Directorate General of Taxation."

"Corporate charitable giving is growing up in Indonesia. It can be classified into 3 (three) motives which are first a strategy to raise profits, second as a compliance because they are forced to do so, and third as beyond compliance as the company is part of the community. Those three motives do reflecting the income tax treatment on charitable giving. PT X as one of the company also does charity. The charitable giving done by PT X becomes unique since PT X is a Contract of Work (CoW) holder. But practically, the CoW results in law uncertainty. The tax auditor adjusted the charitable giving by PT X which were fund contribution and donation to Aceh and Sumatera Utara.The researcher focuses on charitable giving by PT X with qualitative approach. The researcher would like to identify how PT X does the charitable giving and the law certainty of income tax treatment on those charitable giving. With regards to that, the researcher uses a study-case. The researcher obtains the data from interview, field research and library research.Based on the field and library research, there are situations of charitable giving generally in Indonesia and specifically in PT X. On those charitable giving, there are income tax treatment in income taxation law and the regulations underneath. Spesifically, the researcher observes the income tax treatment of charitable giving done by PT X, which can be gathered from the tax audit cases of OT X.From the situations above, it can be analyzed that the charitable giving done by PT X is divided into 3 (two) kinds which are philanthropy and charity. Besides that, there are three motives of charitable giving, as previously mentioned, practiced by PT X, which are related to the income tax treatment. And the focus of this research is the law certainty of income tax treatment on charitable giving of PT X."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dasar pemikiran yang melatarbelakangi perumusan kebijakan bea masuk ditanggung pemerintah atas impor barang dan bahan guna pembuatan peralatan telekomunikasi, implementasinya, serta faktor penunjang dan penghambat dalam implementasinya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dasar pemikiran yang melatarbelakangi perumusan kebijakan bea masuk ditanggung pemerintah atas impor barang dan bahan guna pembuatan peralatan telekomunikasi adalah karena krisis ekonomi global, pertumbuhan industri jasa telekomunikasi, dan upaya untuk meningkatkan daya saing industri peralatan telekomunikasi.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze the background of the policy of customs duties borne by the government on the import of goods and materials to produce telecommunications equipment, the implementation, and also supporting and inhibiting factors due to the implementation. This research is a qualitative research. Data collection techniques using depth interviews and literature studies.The research result shows that the background of the policy of customs duties borne by the government on the import of goods and materials to produce telecommunications equipment is because the global economic crisis, the growth of the telecommunication service industry, and efforts to improve the competitiveness of the telecommunication equipment industry."

"Sejak deregulasi dekade 80 an, perkembangan industri leasing sangat menggembirakan sampai saat ini. Industri leasing membantu pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui fasilitas pemilikan barang modal kepada lessee, itu sebabnya pemerintah mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan dan fasilitas perpajakan untuk mendorong bertumbuhnya industri leasing (SGU). SGU telah memperkenalkan suatu metode baru untuk memperoleh capital equipment dan menambah modal kerja. Oleh sebab itu, penulis merasa terdorong untuk memilih meneliti dan melakukan kajian terhadap ?Kebijakan Perpajakan Atas Penghasilan Khususnya PPh Perusahaan Leasing (SGU) Berdasarkan Azas-azas Perpajakan: Studi Kasus pada PT X Tbk.?Permasalahan yang timbul adalah bagaimana pendapat para ahli tentang azas-azas perpajakan khususnya perpajakan atas penghasilan dari transaksi leasing, apakah peraturan pelaksanaan di bidang SGU sudah sesuai dengan ketentuan pokok yang terdapat di dalam UU PPh yang berlaku sekarang, apabila terdapat ketidaksesuaian upaya apa yang dapat di lakukan agar peraturan pelaksanaan itu Iebih sesuai dengan ketentuan pokok dalam UU. Tipe penelitian yang di pakai dalam tesis ini adalah metode deskriptif analisis yaitu menguraikan data hasil penelitian dan melakukan analisis untuk dapat menarik kesimpulan dan memberikan saran-saran yang menurut pendapat penulis seyogyanya di ajukan. Transaksi leasing terjadi berdasarkan suatu perjanjian di para pemilik barang modal (lessor) menyerahkan barang modal kepada (lessee) untuk di manfaatkan, dengan sejumlah imbalan kepada lessor yang telah di sepakati bersama sebagai penghasilan bagi lessor dan biaya pada lessee. UU PPh yang berlaku sekarang tidak memberi rincian tentang tatacara pengakuan penghasilan serta biaya-biaya yang di perkenankan untuk di kurangkan dari penghasilan dari kegiatan usaha leasing. Agar penghasilan dari kegiatan sewa guna usaha (SGU) di dasarkan pada ketentuan yang terdapat dalam UU, serta permasalahan SGU dalam hal default mendapat kepastian hukum bagi perusahaan industri leasing dan pemberian fasilitas SGU oleh lessor kepada lessee sesuai dengan peraturan, serta pencatatan akuntansi di dasarkan pada prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku secara universal, maka disarankan agar pemerintah mengganti KMK tersebut dengan PP dan menerbitkan juklak yang di perlukan secepat mungkin. Juga agar Ditjen Lembaga Keuangan dan Ditjen Pajak mengawasi kegiatan leasing secara berkala untuk memastikan supaya peristiwa seperti default dicatat bukan sebagai Aktiva tetapi akun Tagihan Dalam Proses Hukum agar sesuai dengan PAI maupun prinsip akuntansi yang berlaku secara universal."

"Taxpayers should fulfill their tax obligatory based on tax regulations in effect. In this case taxpayers face a dilemma. In one hand they must fulfill all of their tax obligatory completely without any violation, since for every mistake they made will result in penalty. On the other hand they want to manage their tax in order to minimize the cost. In this case, tax management can play an important role to solve taxpayers' problem legally.

PT. X is a company located in Sorong, Irian Jaya operating in fish preserving activity. It has many employees even though not all of them get the salary more than Non-Taxable Income (Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak = PTKP). Up to now PT. X has never used tax management as an instrument to manage the income tax article 21 (PPh Pasal 21) of its employees. As the result, there is still a chance to reduce tax cost legally by using tax management.

The objectives of this study are to describe how a company can design its remuneration system to minimize the income tax article 21 cost of its employees, how a company can utilize tax regulations in order to minimize fiscal corrections of the income tax article 21 in case of tax auditing, and how much money can be saved through tax management.

Tax management is a comprehensive action that requires a good understanding of tax regulations in implementing it. The understanding of tax regulations is so necessary that the chances to save money can be determined. Not only that, tax management also requires that the company should have a good accounting system as a media to give the right and accurate information about the company financial condition, since the financial information is the basis of calculating tax due.

Tax management can be done through a series of systematical and well.-planned steps. These steps are: defining the goal of tax management, identifying the current situation, identifying the supporting and obstacle factors, as well as developing the plan of activities to achieve the goal.

The methodology used in this study is descriptive analysis. The result of study shows that PT. X has not utilized tax regulations yet in the best possible way to minimize the income tax article 21 cost of its employees. As the result the employees must pay much more money than they have to. This study concludes that PT. X can utilize tax management to solve this problem by developing a good remuneration system for its employees."

"Fungsi perbankan syariah dalam pembiayaan ekonomi mikro perlu diberikan dorongan insentif pajak seperti penggunaan nilai buku. Fokus skripsi ini untuk membahas pembatalan izin penggunaan nilai buku PT X yang ditinjau dari ketentuan yang berlaku dan asas-asas pemungutan pajak dari teori Adam Smith. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembatalan izin penggunaan nilai buku PT X tidak sesuai dengan prosedur formal ketentuan Per-DJP 28 Tahun 2008. Ditinjau dari asas kepastian hukum, terdapat kesalahpahaman antara PT X dengan Kanwil DJP tempat PT X terdaftar terkait laporan keuangan audit sebelum dan sesudah pemekaran usaha. Ditinjau dari asas kenyamanan membayar pajak dan efisiensi, ketetapan pajak menjadi tidak tepat waktu dan biaya audit laporan keuangan cukup besar.

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The function of syariah banking in financing micro-economics needs tax incentives such as use of book value. The focus of this thesis is about analyze permission cancellation of the used book value by PT X , which is viewed from regulations and the four maxims: the cannons of taxation. This research used the quantitative research approach. Result of research that the cancellation of permission to use pooling of interest method by PT X was not in accordance with the tax laws formal. In the certainty perspective, there is a misconception between PT X and the district office of Directorate General of Taxes regarding financial report an audited before and after of the expansion. In the convenience and efficiency perspective, tax assessment is not timely and the cost of the audit of financial statements is quite large."

"Periode 1997-1998 Indonesia mengalami krisis ekonomi yang hebat akibat turunnya nitai tukar mata uang rupiah secara drastis. Anjloknya rupiah menyebabkan pasar uang dan pasar modal rontok serta bank-bank nasional dalam kesulitan besar. Pemerintah terpaksa melakukan tindakan likuidasi beberapa bank tanpa memperhitungkan kepanikan nasabah, walaupun ada jaminan simpanan nasabah. Kepanikan nasabah menyebabkan rush, sumber cash bank menjadi kosong. BI menyuntikkan likuiditas berupa BLBI. Namun suku bunga BLBI yang tinggi menciptakan beban tambahan karena bank juga dalam keadaan negative spread. Pemilik bank juga tak berdaya, bangkrut karena telah menyalurkan kredit dalam jumlah besar yang disalurkan ke kelompok sendiri, sehingga terjerat kredit macet.Penyimpangan BLBI dimulai ketika BI memberikan dispensasi kepada bank-bank untuk mengikuti kliring meskipun rekening gironya di BI bersaldo debet, tanpa melakukan pre-audit. Akibatnya banyak bank tidak mampu mengembalikan BLBI, diambil alih oteh pemerintah dan dimasukkan dalam program rekapitalisasi penyehatan perbankan (rescue program). Pemerintah terpaksa mengeluarkan ratusan triliun rupiah metatui suntikan dana BLBI, penerbitan obligasi Negara, SUN dan program penjaminan perbankan. Menurut data Pusat Manajemen Obligasi Negara Depkeu RI, selama periode 1998-2002 hutang DN Indonesia naik Rp 551,767 triliun akibat program ini. Tahun 2002 Pemerintah membayar bunga obligasi rekap Rp 59,5 triliun, atau setara dengan 17.3% pengetuaran APBN. Periode 2003-2006 pemerintah mengeluarkan rata-rata Rp 53 triliun/tahun. Kewajiban pelunasan pokok obligasi rekapitalisasi dan SUN tak kalah memusingkan. Periode 2004-2006 pemerintah rata-rata mengetuarkan Rp 34 triliun/tahun. Kemampuan pemerintah membayar obligasi jatuh tempo ini diragukan karena kondisi keuangan negara sendiri sangat terjepit. Sekedar ilustrasi, BPPN memperkirakan beban pembayaran obligasi rekap bisa membengkak hingga Rp 7.000 trityun, bahkan Rp 14.000 trilyun, jika pemerintah melakukan roll-over pembayaran satu termin saja. Karenanya APBN mungkin dapat menjadi unsustainable dalam satu atau dua dekade ke depan karena jebakan hutang ini.Pendanaan pembayaran bunga dan pelunasan obligasi negara dapat diatasi antara lain melalui privatisasi dan penerimaan pajak. Namun kontribusi privatisasi tidak tertalu besar dalam APBN, dan tidak bersifat recurring. Sedangkan pajak adalah iuran dari warga negara untuk membiayai pengeluaran negara. Kontribusinya dalam APBN 2004 mencapai 78%. Namun hal ini berarti perilaku fraud segelintir pengusaha atau konglomerat dalam kasus BLBI menjadi tanggungan dan beban bersama jutaan warga negara pembayar pajak.PT Bank Tbk, bank swasta terbesar di Indonesia, merupakan salah satu penerima BLBI sehingga bisa survive hingga kini. Bantuan yang diterima berupa pinjaman BLBI sebesar Rp 29,9 triliun yang kemudian dikonversi menjadi penyertaan modal pemerintah sebesar nominal Rp 1,365 triliun (dan laku dijual sekitar Rp 7,053 triliun). PT Bank Tbk juga menerima bantuan berupa obligasi negara Rp 52 trilyun yang cukup ditukar dengan asset bernilai pasar Rp 20 triliun saja (sesuai due diligence PT Hakim). Dalam perhitungan kasar, loss pemerintah pada kasus PT Bank Tbk mencapai lebih dari Rp 62 triliun belum termasuk kewajiban pembayaran bunga sedikitnya Rp 5 triliun per tahun. Jika penerimaan perpajakan nasional tahun 2004 berjumlah Rp 278 triliun, berarti loss pemerintah pada kasus PT Bank Tbk mencapai 25% dari total penerimaan pajak nasional tahun 2004.Secara garis besar terdapat 4 transaksi besar dalam kasus PT Bank Tbk :a. Pengucuran BLBI, kuasi reorganisasi sampai dengan divestasi saham.b. Pembagian dividen setelah divestasi.c. Penerbitan obligasi pemerintah, MSAA, recovery rate, dan bunga obligasi.d. Pengambilalihan hak tagih non performing loan dengan nilai nihil oleh pemerintah.Tujuan penulisan ini adalah membahas perbandingan antara loss pemerintah dalam kasus ini dengan jumlah PPh yang seharusnya terhutang oleh pihak-pihak yang menerima keuntungan terkait dengan penerimaan BLBI sesuai Pasal 4 UU Nomor 17 Tahun 2000, dan kontribusi pembayaran pajak para pihak tersebut. Kesimpulan tulisan dapat merupakan masukan bagi pemerintah untuk tidak membiarkan potensi pajak tersebut terabaikan, dan untuk membangun kesadaran masyarakat membayar pajak dan law enforcement. Ke depan nanti diharapkan tulisan ini memberikan sumbangan pemikiran dan secara tidak langsung membantu upaya pemerintah mewujukan masyarakat sadar dan peduli pajak."