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"Latar belakang: Sepsis sulit dibedakan dengan respon inflamasi non infeksi secara klinis dan kultur darah yang merupakan gold standar diagnosis sepsis memiliki banyak keterbatasan. Presepsin merupakan suatu biomarker baru namun belum banyak data tentang efektifitas penggunaanya pada anak.Tujuan: Mengetahui nilai diagnostik dan prognostik presepsin dibandingkan dengan leukosit, PCT dan CRP pada pasien anak yang dicurigai sepsis

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Method: The latitude cut study was conducted during March-December 2020 at RSCM Jakarta on 56 patients aged 2 months - 10 years with suspicion of sepsis Diagnosis of sepsis is established based on the criteria of sepsis-3 and blood culture. Biomarker examination and PELOD-2 score are performed at the beginning and after 72 hours, mortality assessment is conducted on day 7. Presepsin levels are checked using the PATHFAST® method.

Result: The median value of precessine levels in the proven sepsis group (1183 pg/ml was higher than that of the unproven group of sepsis (369 pg/ml, p=0.001). Precessine has a good diagnostic value (AUC of 0.862), with a cut of 711 pg/ml having a sensitivity of 75.8%, specificity of 82.6%, positive guess value of 86.2% and negative guess value of 70.4%, better than leukocytes, PCT, and CRP. Presepsin levels increased linearly with the severity of sepsis and were moderately correlated with PELOD-2 scores (r=0.548; p=0.001). Survival analysis showed precessine levels of ≥ 1,250 pg/ml were significantly associated with early mortality (HR 6.31; 95%CI; 1.67-23.83; p=0.007). Presepsin levels after 72 hours of antibiotic therapy decreased significantly in the improved sepsis group and increased in the worsening sepsis group.

Inference: Presepsin is a reliable biomarker and can be used to help diagnose sepsis, predict severity, death and evaluate therapies in tertiary hospital services."

"Buku ini berisi tentang gambaran uji coba PCR multipleks yang dikembangkan oleh peneliti di Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan untuk identifikasi penyebab difteri secara cepat dan akurat. Hal ini penting disampaikan karena sampai dengan saat ini pemeriksaan laboratorium masih menjadi salah satu kendala dalam penatalaksanaan kasus dan pengendalian KLB difteri, khususnya di Indonesia. Jarangnya kasus difteri berimplikasi pada terbatasnya laboratorium klinik yang siap melakukan pemeriksaan sampel secara rutin. Selain itu, lamanya mendapatkan hasil pemeriksaan menggunakan metode konvensional sebagai gold standard seringkali menjadi kendala di lapangan. Oleh karena itu, buku ini mencoba menyajikan beberapa keunggulan dari pemeriksaan laboratorium difteri menggunakan teknik PCR multipleks dibandingkan dengan metode lain. Inti dari buku ini disajikan pada Bab IV dan V tentang hasil penelitian dan pembahasan. Sebagai tambahan, konsep umum atau tinjauan pustaka disajikan pada Bab II untuk memudahkan para pembaca memahami apa yang disampaikan pada Bab IV dan V."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang Akurasi triple diagnostic USG guided FNAB untuk menentukan keganasan pada kasus nodul tirodi masih belum diketahui. Hal tersebut penting untuk diketahui sehingga tindakan definitif dan jenis operasi dapat ditentukan tanpa harus dilakukan pemeriksaan potong beku.Metode Penelitian dilakukan pada 131 pasien dengan pembesaran kelenjar tiroid pada periode Januari 2014 ndash; Desember 2014 dengan menggunakan desain potong lintang. Penelitian ini menghitung nilai sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi positif, nilai prediksi negatif, akurasi triple diagnostic dengan USG guided FNAB dibandingkan dengan histopatologi.Hasil Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan triple diagnostic yang concordant ganas memiliki sensitivitas 81,17 , spesifisitas 96,55 , nilai prediksi positif 98,57 , nilai prediksi negatif 36,36 , dan akurasi 85,08 .Kesimpulan Tingginya nilai prediksi positif yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini, sehingga triple diagnostic dapat digunakan untuk terapi definitif tanpa dilakukan pemeriksaan potong beku intra operatif.

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ABSTRACT Background The triple diagnostic accuracy with Ultrasound guided FNAB to determine the risk of malignancy in cases of thyroid nodules remains unknown. It is important to know so that definitive measures and types of operations can be determined without the need for a frozen section. Methods The study was conducted using cross sectional design on 131 patients with thyroid nodule in the period of January 2014 December 2014. This study calculated the values of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, triple diagnostic accuracy with ultrasound guided FNAB compared with histopathological result.Results This study show triple diagnostic with malignant concordant has sensitivity of 81.17 , specificity of 96.55 , positive predictive value of 98.57 , negative predictive value of36.36 , and 85.08 accuracy.Conclusions The high positive predictive values obtained in this study, show that triple diagnostic can be used for definitive therapy without intraoperative frozen section"

"Background: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in the world is quite high, especially in developing countries. Usually the patient shows no specific symptoms and chronic gastritis therefore becomes chronically infected The complication of the injéction is the development of peptic ulcer; which is a predisposing factor for gastric carcinoma. Early diagnosis is an important step to avoid these complications by providing immediate accurate therapy. Methods: In this study the CLO, MIU (Motility Indole Urease) tests and culture were conducted on 131 biopsy samples of the stomach antrum mucous tissue taken from chronic dyspepsia patients from several hospitals in Jakarta. In the CLO test, biopsy tissue was put in a small well agar to be incubated at room temperature. In the MIU test the biopsy tissue sample was submerged in the small MlU tube agar with a depth of approximately 2/3 rds from the surface, and then incubated at room temperature. Another piece of biopsy tissue was cultured micro-aerophylicalty The CLO and MlU tests are considered positive if the color changes from yellow to red and are considered negative if there is no color change within 24 hours. Results: Compared to culture, the CLO test demonstrated 38% sensitivity; 96% specificity, 94% positive predictive value and 52% negative predictive value, whereas the results of the MIU test against culture method showed 76% sensitivity 89% specificity 88% positive predictive value, and 78% negative predictive value. Conclusion: The MIU test that showed high sensitivity and specyficity and thus could be further developed as an alternative diagnostic method for H. pylori infection."

"Latar belakang: Keganasan pankreas merupakan salah satu penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas signifikan di dunia dengan 90% kasus adalah adenokarsinoma yang umumnya terdiagnosis stadium lanjut karena tidak memiliki gejala klinis spesifik dan keterbatasan dalam menegakkan diagnosis. Adenokarsinoma pankreas disebabkan oleh perubahan histologik dari neoplasma intraepitelial pankreas (PanIN) dan mutasi genetik antara lain aktivasi onkogen KRAS serta inaktivasi gen supresor tumor seperti CDKN2A/p16, p53, BRCA2 dan Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic 4 (SMAD4) atau disebut juga Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer, locus 4 (DPC4). Mutasi DPC4 ditemukan pada 55% kasus dan relatif spesifik pada adenokarsinoma pankreas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai ekspresi DPC4 pada adenokarsinoma pankreas dengan sampel fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) dengan tujuan meningkatkan akurasi diagnosis.Bahan dan cara: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang. Sampel diambil dari data arsip Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM terdiri atas kelompok data berpasangan dengan 9 kasus adenokarsinoma dan 5 kasus nonadenokarsinoma dari Januari 2012-Agustus 2018 serta kelompok data tidak berpasangan dengan 10 kasus adenokarsinoma dari Januari 2017-Agustus 2018. Dilakukan pulasan DPC4 pada sampel sitologi dan histopatologik. Penilaian mengunakan persentase cut off positif >50% sel tumor.Hasil: Ekspresi DPC4 negatif didapatkan pada 5 kasus adenokarsinoma dan 0 kasus nonadenokarsinoma data berpasangan, serta 5 kasus adenokarsinoma data tidak berpasangan. Uji Fisher s exact yang dilakukan mendapatkan hasil ekspresi DPC4 pada adenokarsinoma dan nonadenokarsinoma data berpasangan tidak berbeda bermakna dengan nilai p>0.05.Kesimpulan: Tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara ekspresi DPC4 pada adenokarsinoma dan nonadenokarsinoma.

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Background: Pancreatic malignancy is one of the causes of significant morbidity and mortality in the world with 90% of cases were adenocarcinomas which are generally diagnosed in advanced stages because there is no specific clinical symptom and limitation in making a diagnosis. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is caused by histological changes of intraepithelial pancreatic neoplasms (PanIN) and genetic mutations including activation of KRAS oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes such as CDKN2A/p16, p53, BRCA2 and Small Mothers Against Decapentaplegic 4 (SMAD4) or also called Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer, locus 4 (DPC4). DPC4 mutations is found in 55% of cases and relatively specific in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. This study was conducted to assess the expression of DPC4 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma using a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) sample to increase diagnosis accuracy.

Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Samples were taken from archival data of the Anatomical Pathology Department of FKUI/RSCM consisting of paired data group with 9 cases of adenocarcinoma and 5 cases of nonadenocarcinoma from January 2012 to August 2018 and unpaired data group with 10 cases of adenocarcinoma from January 2017 to August 2018. All cytology and histopathologic samples were stained with DPC4 antibody and evaluated using a positive cut-off> 50% of tumor cells.

Results: Negative DPC4 expression was found in 5 cases of adenocarcinoma and 0 cases of nonadenocarcinoma in paired data group, and 5 cases of unpaired data group adenocarcinoma. The Fisher s exact showed no significant difference of DPC4 expression between adenocarcinoma and nonadenocarcinoma paired data group with p value> 0.05.

Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the expression of DPC4 between adenocarcinoma and nonadenocarcinoma."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluanDi Indonesia berdasarkan data dari Badan Registrasi Kanker Indonesia, karsinoma tiroid dengan frekuensi relatif 4,43%, menempati urutan ke 9 dari 10 keganasan yang sering ditemukan. Pada tindakan pembedahan tiroid, umum dilakukan pemeriksaan potong beku intra operatif untuk menentukan keganasan pada lesi tiroid serta menentukan tindakan definitif dan jenis operasi yang akan dikerjakan. Pemeriksaan potong beku itu sendiri memiliki beberapa kelemahan antara lain biaya yang lebih mahal, waktu pembiusan yang lebih lama dengan segala risikonya, serta ketidaksediaan pemeriksaan ini di setiap rumah sakit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai akurasi pemeriksaan triple diagnostik pada nodul tiroid yang terdiri dari klinis, ultrasonografi, dan aspirasi jarum halus (bajah), yang dibandingkan dengan standar baku emas pemeriksaan histopatologi sehingga nantinya diharapkan triple diagnostik ini saja sudah cukup untuk dapat dipakai dalam merencanakan terapi definitif.MetodaDilakukan pengumpulan data pasien dengan nodul tiroid dari rekam medis dari periode 2010-2011. Dilakukan penghitungan dan penentuan kriteria ganas atau jinak dari masing-masing unsur triple diagnostik, yang terdiri dari data klinis (anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisik), USG tiroid, dan bajah. Dilakukan analisis uji diagnostik dari triple diagnostik yang dibandingkan dengan pemeriksaan histopatologi pasca operasi sebagai standar baku emas.HasilTerdapat 223 pasien dengan nodul tiroid. Dari jumlah tersebut data rekam medis yang lengkap didapatkan sebanyak 161 kasus. Jenis histopatologi terdiri dari karsinoma papiler (90,3%), folikular (3%), meduler (0,7%), anaplastik (6%). Didapatkan sensitivitas dan spesifisitas dari triple diagnostik pada nodul tiroid sebesar 77 % dan 94 %. Nilai prediksi positif 98%, nilai prediksi negatif 51,6%, dan akurasi sebesar 80,9%. Kombinasi dari pemeriksaan klinis, ultrasonografi dan bajah memberikan probabilitas ganas sebesar 92%.KesimpulanTriple diagnostik belum dapat digunakan sebagai pemeriksaan yang ideal menggantikan pemeriksaan potong beku dalam menangani kasus nodul tiroid, tetapi pada kasus dengan unsur-unsur triple diagnostik yang konkordan ganas memiliki nilai prediksi positif (98%) dan probabilitas ganas (92%) yang tinggi sehingga pada kasus demikian memungkinkan untuk dilakukan tindakan definitif dengan tetap mempertimbangkan sensitifitas dan spesifitas unsur-unsur triple diagnostik pada masing-masing senter

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ABSTRACTBackgroundIn Indonesia, based on data from Indonesian Cancer Registration Council, thyroid carcinoma with relative frequency of 4,43% ranks the ninth from the ten most common cancers in Indonesia. In thyroid surgery, it’s common to perform frozen section examination intraoperatively to determine malignancy and definitive operation. Frozen section has several limitations, for example: higher expense, longer duration of anesthetization, and it’s unavaibility in all hospital. The aim of this research is to evaluate accuracy of triple diagnostic, which is consisted of clinical findings, ultrasonography, dan fine needle aspiration biopsy, compared to golden standard of histopathological result, so that triple diagnostic only is enough to plan definitive treatment in patients with thyroid nodule.MethodData were collected from medical records from the period of 2010-2011. Each element of triple diagnostic was classified into either malignant or benign. Diagnostic test study was performed to analyze triple diagnostic which was compared to post operative histopathological result as a golden standard.ResultsThere were 223 patients with thyroid nodule, but of all there were only 161 cases with complete medical record were compiled. Histopathological reports consisted of papillary carcinoma (90,3%), follicular (3%), medullary (0,7%), anaplastic (6%). Sensitivity and spesifity of triple diagnostic for thyroid nodule were 77% and 94%. Positive predictive value of 98%, negative predictive value of 51,6%, and accuracy of 80,9%. Combination of clinical findings, ultrasonography, and fine needle aspiration biopsy altogether gave probability of malignant of 92 %.Conclusion: Triple diagnostic for thyroid nodule can not be used yet as ideal test to replace golden standard of histopatlogical result, but cases which concordant results of each triple diagnostic’s element have high both positive predictive value (98 %) and malignant probability (92 %). In cases as above, it is still possible to perform definitive operation while still considering both sensitivity and spesifity of all triple diagnostic’s elements in each center."

"Conveys the essential knowledge needed to understand the clinical application of imaging technologies. Suitable for radiology residents and students, this title covers various subspecialty areas and imaging modalities as utilized in neuroradiology, chest, breast, abdominal, musculoskeletal imaging, ultrasound, and nuclear radiology "