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"This research mainly discusses about the effects of applying revenue management, specifically in the contexts of inventory control (variation in ticket prices for the same flight and class) and denied boarding (permissibility of reservations exceeding carrying capacity as a hedging practice over the possibility of tickets cancellation) on the customers? satisfaction toward airlines in Indonesia. Experimental method was applied on the research, involving students from University of Indonesia as participants. The results showed that inventory control policy partly affected customer satisfaction, while the denied boarding policy fully affected their satisfaction. These research findings can contribute to further studies on consumers? behaviour in dynamic airlines industry, mainly in emerging markets such as Indonesia.

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Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pengaruh penerapan manajemen pemasukan (revenue management), khususnya dalam konteks pengendalian inventori (inventory control , yaitu variasi harga tiket dalam penerbangan dan kelas yang sama) dan penolakan untuk naik pesawat (denied boarding, praktik jumlah reservasi yang melebihi kapasitas angkut pesawat sebagai praktik antisipasi kemungkinan pembatalan tiket oleh penumpang) terhadap kepuasan konsumen pada perusahaan penerbangan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode eksperimen, dengan melibatkan mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia sebagai partisipan dalam eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pengendalian inventori secara parsial mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan, sedangkan denied boarding mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan secara penuh. Temuan penelitian ini dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap studi tentang perilaku konsumen industri penerbangan yang dinamis, khususnya dalam pasar yang berkembang seperti di Indonesia."

"Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dampak dari tata kelola perusahaan dalam hal board characteristics terhadap kinerja perusahaan dalam industri penerbangan. Secara khusus, penelitian ini menguji efek dari busy directors dan background of directors terhadap revenue passenger kilometers dan operating profits sebagai dua ukuran kinerja perusahaan penerbangan. Terlepas dari apakah perusahaan penerbangan menerapkan one-tier board system atau twotier board system, penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data panel dari 15 perusahaan selama kurun waktu 10 tahun (2004-2013) dari Asia dan Eropa yang sebagian besar sampel merupakan pembawa bendera negara mereka.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa busy directors secara signifikan mempengaruhi kinerja maskapai dengan efek negatif, terhadap revenue passenger kilometers dan operating profits. Background of directors, di sisi lain terbukti memiliki efek positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja maskapai.

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The aim of this research is to examine the impact of corporate governance in terms of board characteristics towards firm performance in the airline industry. Specifically, this thesis tests the effects of busy directors and background of directors on revenue passenger kilometers and operating profits as the two measures of airline performance. Regardless of whether the airline companies practice one-tier board system or two-tier board system, this study uses panel data analysis of 15 companies for a period of 10 years (2004-2013) from Asia and Europe that are mostly flag carriers of their countries.

The results shows that busy directors are significant that affect airline performance negatively, in terms of revenue passenger kilometers and operating profits. Board of directors background on the other hand is proven to have a positive effect and significantly influence airline performance."

"The airline industry has been challenged, during the last years, by the opening of the European market, the adjustments required to deal with the new competitive environment and the pressure of the US open skies strategy. European airlines have developed innovative strategies in order to adapt themselves to market growth and competition challenges. During the last decade they have achieved considerable productivity improvements, which now permits the sector to create new jobs. However they still suffer from relative structural fragmentation and financial fragility when compared to their main competitors, notably North-American carriers.Liberalization and globalization make the market increasingly competitive and require airlines to undertake large restructuring efforts. European Commission authorized state aid as a one-off measure to help national carriers to restructure during the transition to the liberalized single market. This transition is now over. The airline industry suffers from the same handicap as other industries in Europe, justifying general initiatives enhancing the efficiency of the economic environment.The 11 September 2001 Tragedy no matter terrible should be identified as a one-off event and not a structural crisis. Air France wanted to act quickly while at the same time taking measures that could be easily reversed when needed. It needed quick action while at the same time avoiding over-reaction. Air France announced an adjustment plan on 18 September. which included among other things a freeze on hiring, a reduction in capacity and a number of cost-saving measures. Air France constantly shifted Its capacity regionally as it betted on the fact that the strength of Its hub, Paris/COG 2, allows it to resist the downturn and attract customers to Paris, thus gaining market share.By the end of November, instead of a growth forecast of 7% over the winter of 2000, Air France had the results stabilized and the winter of 2001 was on the same level as the year before. The capacity reduced less than others but the load factors and the yields, whereas the figures for the European airlines were down 10% and even worse ¡n the U.S.In general, and despite the huge financial losses it incurred, the European airline industry reacted much better this time than during the Gulf War crisis of 1990-91. This is largely due to greater flexibility in managing capacity and to a certain self- imposed discipline, which avoided a potentially disastrous fares war. In the end the fare structure might be imposed instead, which basically covered the costs.Though for some other airlines still questionable, the alliances played an important role in helping Air France manage the crisis. In spite of some initial problems between European and U.S. carriers due to what was perceived as dumping practices on the part of the Americans, at a later stage a dialogue was possible on the issue of fares, thus avoiding much heavier losses. In this case, Air France was able to talk to Delta on these Issues after receiving antitrust immunity in January. In the future, the alliances may play an even larger role in minimizing the impact of such event, market slowdown, or even economic turndown.Overall revenue figures for the industry are still down in the largest markets. There is still a depressed demand in the U.S. We are also facing additional costs as a result of 11 September, in particular ¡n the areas of security and insurance. Just in terms Of insurance, Air France is facing an annual cost increase of around US$100m.Airline industry apparently cannot cover its capital costs. The authorities seem to realize it but they easily forget it as soon as the routines clock back. Unfortunately, if traffic decreases, the airports and the air traffic control authorities immediately increase their charges in order to compensate for lost revenue. There a great imbalance amongst player in the air transport industry.Part of the blame for this, of course, lies within the industry. The low-cost carriers, for instance, while playing a useful role in opening up a new market segment to aviation are also damaging the industry as a whole. Their product is different, they occupy a niche of their own but in their communication they imply.Air France practiced renegotiation, delivery delay, and restructures operating lease, which enables itself to withdraw aircraft from the fleet without being financially penalized. 11 September obviously spurred the airlines to slightly alter their plans and at least to anticipate some measures. Nine A310s were withdrawn from the fleet of Air France nine months ahead of time. They will be replaced by A330-200s. Two 747-200s and one 767 were withdrawn from long-haul operations, while in the medium-haul sector operating leases on three A321 s and one 737-300 were not renewed. The use of short-to-medium term operational leases has given Air France great flexibility in times of crisis. It seems that Air France learned the lesson of 1991 when it received brand-new aircraft that ended immediately parked iri the desert.Strategic alliance is considered to have helped in avoiding cost increases, and building synergic complementary network. Through a code share, one could double a frequency without any spending. This means altogether substantial investment savings. On the cargo side, SkyTeam, for example, has developed frreaChiflg synergies between Air France, Delta and Korean.The alliances are still a very young phenomenon and they have not yet expressed all their potential. Common marketing strategies might do the trick, while preserving the identity and ¡mage of each partner, will also fosters the growth of the SkyTeam brand. The alliance has made much progress over the past three years and the antitrust immunity granted in January will lead to a qualitative jump in its partner relationship."

"Pada akhir tahun 2018, tarif tiket pesawat untuk penerbangan domestik kelas ekonomi dari berbagai maskapai telah melambung tinggi. Kenaikan harga tiket yang signifikan dinyatakan dipicu dari kenaikan harga avtur dan penurunan nilai tukar Rupiah. Struktur industri penerbangan yang dikuasai oleh dua group besar juga dinilai telah memicu terjadinya kenaikan harga tiket. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah terhadap adanya dugaan praktik persaingan usaha tidak sehat karena adanya pergerakan tarif tiket pesawat yang seragam dari maskapai-maskapai di Indonesia. Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha menilai bahwa kenaikan dan penurunan tarif tiket pesawat oleh maskapai penerbangan telah memberikan indikasi awal atas adanya tindakan yang bersifat anti persaingan yakni dugaan pelanggaran penetapan harga oleh para maskapai penerbangan sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan tipe penelitian yuridis-normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terhadap kenaikan tarif tiket pesawat oleh para maskapai telah menunjukkan indikasi awal terjadinya sebuah praktik persaingan usaha tidak sehat diantara para maskapai, namun bukti-bukti yang diperoleh sampai saat ini belum cukup konklusif untuk dapat menyatakan telah dilakukannya pelanggaran UU No. 5 Tahun 1999 dari kenaikan tarif tiket pesawat.

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At the end of 2018, airline ticket prices for economy-class domestic flights from various airlines have soared. The significant increase in flight ticket prices was said to be triggered by the increase in avtur prices. The structure of the airline industry whcih is controlled by two large airline groups is also considered to have triggered an increase in ticket prices. The problem raised in this study is on the allegations of price fixing by the indications of parallel business conduct in the industry, both from full service airlines and no frills airlines or Low Cost Carriers. The competition supervisory commission in Indonesia (KPPU), considers that the parallel movement of flight ticket prices have provided an initial indication of anticompetitive actions, namely alleged price fixing violations as stipulated in Law Number 5 Year 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Competition. The research method used in this thesis is juridical-normative type. The analysis of the case has concluded that there have not been found sufficient evidence to support the indications of anticompetitive practices among airlines to fix prices of domestic airline ticket prices."

"Penelitian ini disusun untuk menganalisis peristiwa tidak diangkutnya penumpang dengan alasan melebihi kapasitas pesawat udara sebagai tindakan wanprestasi dan sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum serta menganalisis pengaturan dan pelaksanaan tanggung jawab pengangkut udara atas tidak diangkutnya penumpang dengan alasan melebihi kapasitas pesawat udara. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain deskriptif.Hasil penelitian ini adalah peristiwa tidak diangkutnya penumpang dengan alasan melebihi kapasitas pesawat udara dapat digolongkan sebagai tindakan wanprestasi dan sebagai perbuatan melawan hukum serta pengangkut udara dianggap selalu bertanggung jawab untuk memberi ganti rugi apabila terjadi peristiwa tidak diangkutnya penumpang dengan alasan melebihi kapasitas pesawat udara.Dibutuhkan suatu definisi dan pengaturan yang lebih jelas mengenai peristiwa tidak diangkutnya penumpang dengan alasan melebihi kapasitas pesawat udara sehingga kepastian hukum bagi penumpang dapat lebih terjamin.

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This research is analyzing denied boarding passanger as a failure to perform and as a tort and also analyzing the regulations and practices of the responsibility of airline of denied boarding passanger. This research is qualitative decriptive interpretative.

The result of this research are denied boarding passanger can be classified as a failure to perform and can be classified as a tort. In addition, airline always be responsible to give compensation if there is denied boarding passanger.

The researcher suggest that needs a definition and regulation more clearly about denied boarding passanger so the passanger can be more protected."

"ABSTRAKKecenderungan jangka panjang dari jasa angkutan udara selalu dipengaruhi dan konsisten terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Meskipun dunia penerbangan secara keseluruhan menunjukkan angka yang menggembirakan, pada dasarnya profitability perusahaan penerbangan adalah marginal. Perusahaan penerbangan mempunyai keterbatasan dalam gerakannya, antara lain karena peraturan pemerintah. Demikian pula persaingan antar perusahaan penerbangan sangat ketat dan keras karena sifat dari business tersebut.Perencanaan armada dengan metoda kuantitatif memerlukan data yang baik, relevan dan konsisten. Aspek yang penting dalam pembentukan model adalah pemilihan spesifikasi yang berdasarkan pada teori, empiris dan pertimbangan kepentingan pemakai.Metoda kualitatif dapat juga dipakai untuk merencanakan armada tetapi harus dilakukan dengan metoda yang baik dan dapat dipertanggung jawabkan.Garuda Indonesia sebagai perusahaan penerbangan yang mempunyai armada . yang besar sudah seyogyanya memiliki Biro Perencanaan dan Pengembangan yang berfungsi dengan aktif dalam merencanakan armadanya.Dalam tiap divisi perlu dikembangkan bidang Reseach & Development untuk dapat mengantisipasi perubahan lingkungan dengan cepat, dan terkoordinasi dengan Pusat Perencanaan & Pengembangan."

"ABSTRAKDeregulasi dibidang usaha jasa angkutan udara InternasiOflalyang dimUlai di Amerika Serikat, ditandai dengan diperbolehkannyasetiap Airline yang ada untuk menentukan tarif, jumlah frekuensipenerbangan dan menetapkan rute penerbangan sendiri. Hal inimengakibatkan banyak perusahaan penerbangan melakukan strategiperang tarif untuk memperoleh panysa pasar didalam pasar yangada. Sebagal Flag Carrier, maka Garuda Indonesia juga harus rnampumengantisiPasi kondisi di pasar Internasional demikiari itu denganmenerapkan strategi yang tepat untuk dapat mempertahankan ataUbahkan meningkatkan keberadaannya. Sebagai akibat adanya perang tarif di pasar Internasional,maka munculah bermacam-macam jenis tarif untuk kelas kompartemenyang sama, terutarna kelas ekonorni. Hal ini mengakibatkan kemungkinan terjadinya dilusi, yaltu pendapatan yang rendah pada jumlahpenumpang yang tiriggi karena terlalu banyak penumpang yang mmnbayar tiket dengan potongan harga, atau penumpang yang naik kelaskarena hadiah. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut maka Airline perlumenerapkan suatu Yield Management agar tetap rnendapatkan profityang maksimal walaupun harus menerapkan jenis tarif yang berbedadalam kelas yang sama. Sudah saatnya PT. Garuda Indonesia menerapkan Yield Management agar mampu bersaing dipasar Internasional, disamping saatini Garuda Indoneala telah banyak memiliki staff yang mengertitentang konsep Yield Management, juga memiliki sistem pencatatanharga tiket yang dibayarkan penurnpang yang akan mendukung penerapan konsep tersebut. Dengan menggunakan Yield Management kitadapat meramalkan Jumlah penumpang untuk tiap kelas tarif dalamsuatu penerbangan dengan menggunakan data historia, juga kemudiandapat dihitung alokasi kursi (seat allocation) dan otorisasipesanan berlebih (authorized capacity) untuk tiap kelas tariftersebut, agar tetap mendapatkan profit yang maksimal dalam suatupenerbangan. Jika kita ingin menerapkan Yield Management pada jalur?jalurpenerbangan yang tersebar dan dalam jumlah yang besar, dimanaakan melibatkan penggunaan data yang juga cukup besar, makapengolahannya perlu menggunakan bantuan perangkat komputer. Kamirnengusulkan suatu Model Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (SPK) atauDecision Support Systems (DSS) berbasis komputer untuk mengatasiperrnasalahan penerapari Yield Management diatas. Untuk mengembangkan SPK tersebut, maka perlu rnemodif?ikasi sistem reservasi yangtelah dimiliki dengan menambahkan kemampuan pencatatan kelastarif untuk kelas kompartemen ekonomi. Disamping itu agar tercapai hasil yang lebih optimal dalam penerapan SPK tersebut, makaperlu dilakukan riset pasar? untuk memperoleh hasil yang lebihbaik teritang perkiraan kebutuhan kelas tarif dan peramalan jum?Iahpenumpangnya."

"ABSTRAKThis study sets in objective to answer the question how the airline industry could survive through covid-19 based on tourism perspective. It will also describe plan of crisis management after pandemic for airline industry in Indonesia."

"Industri maskapai penerbangan di Indonesia memiliki kondisi yang kompetitif. Sebagai perusahaan jasa, pada era globalisasi saat ini perlu untuk selalu beradaptasi memenuhi kebutuhan dan permintaan pasar agar dapat bersaing. Penelitian ini mengambil objek penelitian maskapai Pelita Air Services di Indonesia dengan melihat apakah dimensi service quality yang meliputi tangible features, service reliability, quality of personnel, convenient flight schedule, dan online ticketing service berpengaruh terhadap passenger satisfaction penumpang dan mendorong behavioral intention seperti intention to recommend dan intention to repurchase pada kelompok penumpang low-experience passenger dan high-experience passenger. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode konklusif deskriptif dengan metode kuantitatif menggunakan metode self-administered questionnaire dengan Google Form. Sampel penelitian menggunakan metode non-probability sampling dengan teknik snowball sampling dan judgemental sampling. Cakupan geografis pengumpulan responden berada di seluruh wilayah Republik Indonesia dan terdapat 276 responden berusia 17-60 tahun dan memiliki pengalaman menggunakan Pelita Air Serives dalam satu tahun terakhir yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) dan analisis multigroup (PLS-MGA) menggunakan software SmartPLS serta SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tangible features, service reliability, quality of personnel, convenient flight schedule, dan online ticketing service berpengaruh positif terhadadap passenger satisfaction. Kemudian, passenger satisfaction berpengaruh terhadap behavioral intention untuk intention to repurchase dan intention to recommend. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan terhadap intention to recommend pada kelompok low-experience passenger dan intention to repurchase pada kelompok high-experience passenger.

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The aviation industry in Indonesia possesses a highly competitive landscape. As a service-oriented business, it is imperative for companies to continuously adapt in order to meet the ever-evolving needs and demands of the globalized era, thus enabling them to remain competitive. This research focuses on Pelita Air Services, an airline operating in Indonesia, with the objective of examining the influence of various dimensions of service quality, namely tangible features, service reliability, quality of personnel, convenient flight schedules, and online ticketing services, on passenger satisfaction. Furthermore, the study aims to explore how passenger satisfaction drives behavioral intentions, such as the intention to recommend and repurchase, within two distinct groups of passengers: those with limited flight experience and those with extensive flight experience. The research design utilizes a descriptive conclusive approach, employing quantitative methods and a self-administered questionnaire distributed through Google Form. The research sample is selected using non-probability sampling techniques, including snowball sampling and judgmental sampling. The respondents are geographically diverse, representing various regions across the Republic of Indonesia. A total of 276 participants, aged between 17 and 60 years, who have utilized Pelita Air Services within the past year, actively participated in the study. The collected data is analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and multigroup analysis (PLS-MGA) through the utilization of SmartPLS software alongside SPSS. The research findings demonstrate that tangible features, service reliability, quality of personnel, convenient flight schedules, and online ticketing services significantly and positively impact passenger satisfaction. Furthermore, passenger satisfaction exhibits a significant influence on behavioral intentions, specifically the intention to repurchase and the intention to recommend. Notably, significant variations are observed in the intention to recommend among low-experience passengers and in the intention to repurchase among high-experience passengers."

"Angkutan udara yang mempunyai karakteristik bertekhnologi tinggi dan memerlukan tingkat keselamatan tinggi, perlu lebih dikembangkan potensinya dan ditingkatkan peranannya sebagai penghubung wilayah baik nasional maupun internasional, sebagai penunjang, pendorong dan penggerak pembangunan nasional demi peningkatan kesejahteraan rakyat. Banyaknya masyarakat yang menggunakan jasa transportasi udara, ditandai dengan meningkatnya jumlah arus pengguna jasa angkutan udara di berbagai kota di wilayah Indonesia. Dalam penyelenggaraan penerbangan ternyata banyak hak-hak penumpang yang tidak dipenuhi sebagai mana mestinya. Sehubungan dengan itu diperlukan adanya pengaturan-pengaturan secara hukum untuk menentukan tanggung jawab perusahaan penerbangan sehingga kepentingan penumpang terlindungi. Dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggung jawab hukum perusahaan penerbangan PT Pelita Air Service sebagai pengangkut untuk kerugian yang timbul terhadap penumpang dan bagasi dalam pengangkutan udara dengan charter pesawat udara, serta apakah peraturan perundang-undangan saat ini sudah cukup untuk menjawab permasalahan apabila terjadi kerugian yang diderita oleh pengguna jasa angkutan udara. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang dilakukan dengan penelusuran terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan hukum terhadap penumpang transportasi udara niaga tidak berjadwal.Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah bahwa dalam tatanan hukum positif di Indonesia terdapat beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan hukum bagi penumpang transportasi udara, yaitu antara lain : Ordonansi Pengangkutan Udara (OPU) 1939, Undang-Undang No 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan, Undang-Undang No 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Perlindungan Hukum yang diberikan dan paling banyak dibahas dalam Undang-Undang No 1 Tahun 2009 adalah tentang keselamatan baik untuk perusahaan penerbangan, awak pesawat, penumpang dan bagasi. Selain itu peraturan perundang-undangan juga menentukan upaya hukum yang dapat ditempuh oleh penumpang yang mengalami kerugian, yaitu upaya hukum melalui jalur pengadilan dan upaya hukum di luar pengadilan.

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Air transportation has high technology and high safety requirement as its characteristic. In regards to this benefit, air transportation should have been developed for its potential and its role in connecting the national and international area in enhancing the national development for the prosperity of the people. The number of society that is using air transportation has been increased which indicated by the higher number of airline passenger across Indonesia. In its practice, many of passenger rights are not fulfilled as it should be. Given to this circumstance, it is necessary to establish regulation which defines the legal liability of air transportation companies for the protection of passenger rights. The objective of this study is to explore the legal liability of PT Pelita Air Service as an air transportation company concerning to the damages or losses of the passenger and baggage in the air transportation which are using chartered aircraft, and to review the sufficiency of the current regulatory law in protecting air transportation customer. This study is a normative legal study which performed by research of regulation and law that related to the legal protection for non-scheduled air transport passenger. This study revealed that in the positive legal order in Indonesia there are some regulations which related to the legal protection for air transportation passengers such as Air Transport Act Year 1939, Law No. 1 Year 2009 on Aviation and Law No. 8 Year 1999 concerning on Consumer Protection. The legal protection which defined in Law No. 1 Year 2009 is mostly regarding the safety of airline, air crew, passenger and baggage. In addition, this law has regulated the legal action for passenger who is suffering for any losses for an in court or out court settlement."