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"Pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Jembatan dan ACSE-24 mengenai Flood Resistant Design Construction disebutkan bahwa adanya pengaruh scouring terhadap desain jembatan, namun belum ada langkah-langkah yang jelas untuk menghitungnya. Penelitian ini akan membahas mengenai langkah perhitungan scouring yang terjadi di sekitar pondasi menggunakan metode California State University (CSU) dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap beban hidrodinamika yang terjadi pada pondasi menggunakan persamaan hukum kekekalan momentum dan hukum kekekalan massa. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat bantu aplikasi SAP2000 untuk mengetahui besarnya defleksi yang terjadi serta dibandingkan dengan defleksi izin agar tidak terjadi kegagalan struktur pondasi jembatan. Variabel yang diuji coba pada penelitian ini diantaranya massa jenis, curve number, periode ulang, durasi terjadinya hujan, koefisien Manning, dan tinggi inflow. Data variabel tersebut divariasikan untuk mengetahui variabel mana yang paling sensitif terhadap scouring dan defleksi yang terjadi dengan melakukan sensitivity analysis menggunakan metode korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pembesaran luas kontak gaya yang bekerja sehingga perlu diperhitungkan debit kritis yang menghasilkan defleksi maksimum yang terjadi pada pondasi.

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In the Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) for Bridge and ACSE-24 about Flood Resistant Design Construction, it is mentioned that there is a scouring effect on the bridge design, but there are no clear steps to calculate it. This study will discuss the steps of scouring calculation that occur around the foundation using the California State University (CSU) method and how they affect the hydrodynamic load that occurs on the foundation using the law of conservation of momentum and the law of conservation of mass. This study uses SAP2000 application tools to determine the magnitude of the deflection that occurred and compared with permit deflection so that the bridge foundation structure doesn’t fail. The variables tested in this study include density, curve number, return period, duration of rainfall, Manning coefficient, and inflow height. The variable data is varied to find out which variable is most sensitive to scouring and deflection that occurs by conducting sensitivity analysis using the Pearson correlation method. The results showed an enlargement of the area of ​​contact force that worked so it was necessary to calculate the critical discharge which produced the maximum deflection that occurred at the foundation."

"ABSTRAKDalam Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Jembatan dan ACSE-24 tentang Konstruksi Desain Tahan Banjir disebutkan bahwa ada pengaruh gerusan pada desain jembatan, namun tidak ada langkah yang jelas untuk menghitungnya. Penelitian ini akan membahas langkah-langkah untuk menghitung gerusan yang terjadi disekitar pondasi menggunakan metode California State University (CSU) dan bagaimana pengaruhnya terhadap beban hidrodinamik yang terjadi pada pondasi menggunakan persamaan kekekalan momentum dan hukum kekekalan massa. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat bantu aplikasi SAP2000 untuk mengetahui besarnya lendutan yang terjadi dan membandingkannya dengan lendutan ijin sehingga tidak terjadi keruntuhan pada struktur pondasi jembatan. Variabel yang diuji dalam penelitian ini meliputi kepadatan, jumlah kurva, periode ulang, durasi hujan, koefisien Manning, dan ketinggian inflow. Data variabel divariasikan untuk mengetahui variabel mana yang paling sensitif terhadap gerusan dan defleksi yang terjadi dengan melakukan analisis sensitivitas menggunakan metode korelasi Pearson. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi pembesaran bidang kontak gaya kerja sehingga perlu diperhitungkan debit kritis yang mengakibatkan defleksi maksimum yang terjadi pada pondasi.ABSTRACTIn the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for Bridges and ACSE-24 concerning Flood Resistant Design Construction, it is stated that there is an effect of scour on the bridge design, but there are no clear steps to calculate it. This study will discuss the steps to calculate the scour that occurs around the foundation using the California State University (CSU) method and how it affects the hydrodynamic load that occurs on the foundation using the conservation of momentum equation and the law of conservation of mass. This study uses the SAP2000 application tool to determine the magnitude of the deflection that occurs and compare it with the allowable deflection so that there is no collapse of the bridge foundation structure. The variables tested in this study include density, number of curves, return period, rain duration, Manning coefficient, and inflow height. Variable data were varied to determine which variables were most sensitive to scour and deflection that occurred by performing sensitivity analysis using the Pearson correlation method. The results show that there is an enlargement of the contact area of ​​the working force so that it is necessary to calculate the critical discharge resulting in the maximum deflection that occurs in the foundation."

"Mathemathical simulations on dam break or failure using BOSS DAMBRK hydrodynamic flood routing dam break model were carried out to determine the extent of flooding downstream,flood travel times flood water velocities and impacts on downstream affected residences, properties and environmental sensitive areas due to floodwaters released by failure or them dam structure...."

"Telah dilaporkan bahwa kinerja pengolahan di kolam fakultatif di Instalasi Pengolahan Air Kotor (IPAK) Bojongsoang adalah tidak stabil. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah karakteristik hidrodinamika yang tidak sesuai dengan criteria. Yang termasuk dalam karakteristik hidrodinamika yang tidak tepat antara lain kehadiran daerah mati, aliran pendek, dan turbulensi oleh arus eddy. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh variasi debit influen terhadap karakteristik hidrodinamika menggunakan model matematis. Model hidrodinamika dua dimensi dibangun dari dua persamaan hidrodinamika, yaitu persamaan kontinuitas dan persamaan momentum. Kedua persamaan diselesaikan dengan metoda numerik beda hingga semi implisit (Crank-Nicolson). Dari hasil simulasi, dianalisa nilai bilangan Froude aliran serta waktu tinggal efektif dan luas efektif kolam fakultatif untuk melihat kehadiran daerah mati.Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa daerah mati terdapat di tengah kolam. Apabila debit influen semakin besar, waktu tinggal efektif dan luas efektif semakin besar. Selain itu, distribusi nilai bilangan Froude menunjukkan bahwa nilai 10-10 semakin berkurang bila debit influen semakin besar. Dapat dikatakan bahwa daerah mati akan berkurang pada debit influen yang lebih besar. Dengan demikian debit influen yang semakin besar akan memperbaiki karakteristik hidrodinamika di kolam fakultatif.

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The Effects of Influent Debit on Hydrodynamic Characteristic of Bojongsoang Facultative Pond: Without Wind Effects. The performance of facultative pond in Bojongsoang WWTP have reported to be unstable. One of the cause of the unstable performance is the hydrodynamic characteristics that not met the criterion. The improper hydrodynamic characteristics are included the existence of dead-zone, the short-circuiting, and the turbulence due to eddy current. The study was to analyze the effect of the influent debit variation on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the pond using mathematical model. The two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was built from two hydrodynamic equations which are continuity and momentum equations. The equations were solved by finite-difference numerical method of semi-implicit (Crank-Nicolson).From the simulation results, the Froude number of the water flow was analyzed. Beside that, the effective residence time and the effective area were calculated. All of them were done to analyzed the existence of the dead-zone in the pond. The simulation results show that the dead-zone was exist in the center of the pond. when the influent debit was larger, the effective residence time and the effective area become larger. The distribution of the Froude number value shows that the area with the value of 10-10 become reduced in the larger influent debit. The existence of the dead-zone was reduced since the influent debit become larger. It can be said that the larger influent debit can improve the hydrodynamic characteristics of the pond."

"ABSTRAKThe study assumes that Srinagarind Dam of Kanchanaburi province will be collapsed by overtopping with a final breach of trapezoidal shape due to heavy rainstorm. Subsequently, various forms of demolitions and dynamic flooding are identified using Dam Break and Hydrodynamic models of MIKE 11 by applying the principle of the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF). Srinagarind dam is a rock fill dam with it is crest at +185.00 m. from Mean Sea Level (MSL) and store a maximum volume of 17,745 million m3 of water at the beginning of the break. For dynamic flooding prediction, the maximum breach outflow discharge was 11,307 m3/s with a velocity of 5.39 m/s at 62.29 hours after the break. In addition, the maximum discharge, water level and flood duration at cross sections of main rivers are also extracted for flood zone identification into 4 zones which include: at Ban Phu Thong Maeo, Wang Dong Sub-district, Mueang Kanchanaburi district, the discharge is 14,231 m3/s, the maximum water level is +56.56 m. (MSL.) at 68.28 hr. after dam failure. At Ban Nuea, Ban Nuea Sub-district, Mueang Kanchanaburi district, the discharge is 14,081 m3/s and the maximum water level is +41.59 m. (MSL.) at 83.21 hr. after dam failure. At Ban Wang Khanai, Wang Khanai Sub-district, Tha Muang district, the discharge is 13,244 m3/s and the maximum water level is +37.671 m. (MSL.) at 93.24 hr. after dam failure. At Ban Luk Kae, Ban Don Khamin Sub-district, Tha Maka District, the discharge was 12,047 m3/s, the maximum water level is +18.92 m. (MSL.) at 107.26 hours after dam failure. Land use land cover (LULC) types are affected by the flood after the dam-break which would cover an area of 1,172.21 sq.km. (1) Urban and built-up area (City, town, and commercial areas), (2) Paddy field, (3) Field crop, (4) Orchard, (5) Horticulture, (6) Pasture and farm house, (7) Evergreen forest, (8) Deciduous forest, (9) Natural water bodies (10) Reservoir (11) Rangeland, and (12) Mine and pits are included. The most affected LULC is paddy field that covers an area of 331.88 sq.km. (28.32%). The second and third largest affected LULC are rangeland and field crop areas that covered an area of 285.66 sq.km. (24.37%) and 267.02 sq.km. (22.78%). The least affected LULC is a deciduous forest that covers area of 15.49 sq.km. (1.32%)."

"ABSTRAKThe study assumes that Srinagarind Dam of Kanchanaburi province will be collapsed by overtopping with a final breach of trapezoidal shape due to heavy rainstorm. Subsequently, various forms of demolitions and dynamic flooding are identified using Dam Break and Hydrodynamic models of MIKE 11 by applying the principle of the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF). Srinagarind dam is a rock fill dam with it is crest at +185.00 m. from Mean Sea Level (MSL) and store a maximum volume of 17,745 million m3 of water at the beginning of the break. For dynamic flooding prediction, the maximum breach outflow discharge was 11,307 m3/s with a velocity of 5.39 m/s at 62.29 hours after the break. In addition, the maximum discharge, water level and flood duration at cross sections of main rivers are also extracted for flood zone identification into 4 zones which include: at Ban Phu Thong Maeo, Wang Dong Sub-district, Mueang Kanchanaburi district, the discharge is 14,231 m3/s, the maximum water level is +56.56 m. (MSL.) at 68.28 hr. after dam failure. At Ban Nuea, Ban Nuea Sub-district, Mueang Kanchanaburi district, the discharge is 14,081 m3/s and the maximum water level is +41.59 m. (MSL.) at 83.21 hr. after dam failure. At Ban Wang Khanai, Wang Khanai Sub-district, Tha Muang district, the discharge is 13,244 m3/s and the maximum water level is +37.671 m. (MSL.) at 93.24 hr. after dam failure. At Ban Luk Kae, Ban Don Khamin Sub-district, Tha Maka District, the discharge was 12,047 m3/s, the maximum water level is +18.92 m. (MSL.) at 107.26 hours after dam failure. Land use land cover (LULC) types are affected by the flood after the dam-break which would cover an area of 1,172.21 sq.km. (1) Urban and built-up area (City, town, and commercial areas), (2) Paddy field, (3) Field crop, (4) Orchard, (5) Horticulture, (6) Pasture and farm house, (7) Evergreen forest, (8) Deciduous forest, (9) Natural water bodies (10) Reservoir (11) Rangeland, and (12) Mine and pits are included. The most affected LULC is paddy field that covers an area of 331.88 sq.km. (28.32%). The second and third largest affected LULC are rangeland and field crop areas that covered an area of 285.66 sq.km. (24.37%) and 267.02 sq.km. (22.78%). The least affected LULC is a deciduous forest that covers area of 15.49 sq.km. (1.32%)."

"Hidrodinamika merupakan sifat dasar dari sistem yang diperlukan untuk mengklasifikasikan sistem unggun terfluidisasi tiga fasa. Parameter-parameter yang termasuk di dalamnya adalah waktu tinggal, hold up dan koefisien dispersi aksial, dimana nilainya diperoleh dari serangkaian percobaan dengan menggunakan metode tracer untuk penentuan waktu tinggal, metode penangkapan gas dan cairan secara simultan untuk penentuan hold up, sedangkan koefisien dispersi aksial diperoleh dari hubungan antara bilangan Peclet dan hold up fasa cair.Teknik untuk menentukan harga waktu tinggal dari kolom fluidisasi G-C-P yaitu dengan cara menginjeksikan bahan kimia yang bersifat inert, yang disebut sebagai tracer, ke dalam kolom pada waktu t = 0 kemudian konsentrasinya diukur pada aliran keluar sebagai timgsi waktu. Metode ini disebut sebagai metode tracer.Sedangkan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode penangkapan gas dan cairan secara simultan melibatkan penutupan katup aliran gas dan cairan yang masuk ke dalam kolom secara serentak, kemudian diukur ketinggian kolom yang terisi oleh tiap fasa Metode ini dilakukan untuk sistem gas-cair-padat dan sistem gas-cair.Dari hasil percobaan diketahui bahwa kecepatan air dan udara serta ukuran diameter partikel mempengaruhi waktu tinggal, hold :gp tiap fasa dan tingkat dispersi dalam aliran. Semakin besar lcecepatan fluida cair maupun gas, maka harga waktu tinggal semakin kecil, dan semakin kecil diameter partikel harga walctu tinggal akan semakin besar_ Kecepatan air yang semakin besar akan menyebabkan hold up cairan meningkat, sedangkan hold :go gas dan padatan akan menunm. Semakin besar kecepatan udara maka hold :go gas dan padatan akan meningkat, sedangkzm hold iq;cairan akan menurun Sedangkan pengaruh diameter partikel rnemherikan hasil semakin besar ukuran diameter partikel maka hold up gas dan cairan akan menumn, sedangkan hold up padatan meningkat. Intensitas dispersi akan meningkat dengan bertambahnya kecepatan udara dan ukuran diameter partikel serta dengan berkurangnya kecepatan cairan."

"Permasalahan terbesar yang sering terjadi pada kontraktor adalah kegagalan struktur, ini disebabkan karena perencanaan struktur yang tidak direncanakan dengan baik dan tidak mengacu pada peraturan yang dapat digunakan dalam merencanakan suatu bangunan. Bangunan yang direncanakan tidak hanya struktur beton bertulang seperti kolom, balok, dan pelat lantai, tetapi struktur baja juga perlu direncanakan dengan baik menggunakan peraturan yang di kembangkan oleh Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) dan metode Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). Struktur baja biasa digunakan untuk merencanakan struktur gudang penyimpanan maupun industri. Metode pengumpulan data untuk menyelesaikan Praktik Keinsinyuran ini meliputi 2 hal yaitu, (1). data primer, (2) data sekunder. Data primer ini berupa output gaya dalam aplikasi SAP2000 version 22 dan hasil analisis perhitungan menggunakan aplikasi Mathcad 15. Data Sekunder didapatkan berupa gambar-gambar struktur Gudang Daerah Cikande Serang-Banten dan tabel profil konstruksi baja yang ditulis oleh Ir. Rudy Gunawan dengan petunjuk Ir. Morisco. Pengolahan data sekunder dan primer yaitu dengan mendesain dan menghitung kekuatan struktur Gudang Daerah Cikande Serang-Banten dengan bantuan aplikasi SAP2000 version 22 dan Mathcad 15. Setelah melakukan desain dan perhitungan kekuatan struktur gudang didapatkan tahapan-tahapan dalam mendesain dan menghitung struktur gudang menggunakan peraturan yang di kembangkan oleh Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) dan metode Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). Tahapan merencanakan desain dilakukan dengan menganalisis beban-beban pada desain dan memberikan kombinasi pembebanan yang digunakan dalam merencanakan gudang, sedangkan tahapan pada perhitungan yaitu dengan menganalisis pembebanan atau mengambil output gaya dari aplikasi SAP2000 dan kontrol masing-masing profil struktur pada gudang.

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The biggest problem that often occurs with contractor is structure failure, this is because the planned structure is not well planned and does not refer to the regulation that can be used in planning a building. The buildings that are planned not only reinforced concrete structure such as columns, beams, and floor plates, but steel structure also needed to be well planned using regulations that developed by Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) and Load and Resistance Factor Design method (LRFD). Steel structure is regularly used to plan storage warehouse structure or industry. The data collecting methods for completing this Engineering Practice involve 2 things specifically, (1). Primary data, (2) secondary data. The primary data consists of force output from SAP2000 version 22 application and the calculation result analysis using Mathcad 15 application. The secondary data obtained consists of Cikande Serang-Banten regional storage warehouse structure pictures and steel construction profile table written by Ir. Rudy Gunawan with guidance from Ir. Morisco. Secondary and primary data processing is done by designing and calculating the Cikande Serang-Banten regional storage warehouse structure strength with the help of SAP2000 version 22 and Mathcad 15 application. After designing and calculating the storage warehouse structure strength obtained the stages to design and calculate the storage warehouse structure using regulations that developed by Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) and Load and Resistance Factor Design method (LRFD). The design planning stage is done by analyzing the loads on the design and giving loading combination that used on building planning, whilst the stage on calculation is done by analyzing the loading or picking the force output from SAP2000 application and control each structure profile on the storage warehouse."

"Penyediaan air bersih untuk masyarakat merupakan salah satu faktor penting untuk meningkatkan kesehatan lingkungan dan masyarakat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan studi hidrodinamika dan menganalisis hasil air olahan dari unit pengolahan air yang menggunakan proses ozonasi gelembung mikro dan filtrasi membran, terutama untuk kandungan besi dan mangan. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa proses ozonasi dan filtrasi mampu menyisihkan logam besi dan mangan dalam air. Persentase penyisihan logam besi dan mangan secara terpisah yang terbaik didapat dengan menggunakan konfigurasi ozonator PVC - membran keramik sebesar 98,64% untuk logam besi dan 45,83% untuk logam mangan. Sedangkan untuk penyisihan logam besi dan mangan secara bersamaan dengan konfigurasi yang sama didapatkan penyisihan logam besi sebesar 98,48 % dan logam mangan sebesar 25 %.

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Provision of clean water to communities is one of the important factors to improve the health of the environment and society. The objective of this research is to study hydrodynamic and analyze the product from water treatment unit which using micro bubbles ozonation and membrane filtration method, especially for iron and manganese removal.

From this research, it was found that the ozonation and filtration process can remove iron and manganese from water. The best percentage removal about 98,64% for iron and 45,83% for manganese in a separate manner is obtain with ozonator PVC ' ceramic membrane configuration. Whereas for iron and manganese removal simultaneously at the same configuration, the percentage removal is about 98,48% for iron and 25% for manganese."

"Hydrodynamic charactersitic for the mixing of gas-solid-liquid in membrane bioreactor submerged (MBRs) and its influence on mass transfer was studied computationally at various solid concentration, incoming gas rate and the befle distance

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