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"This paper analyzes health outcomes and inequality in Indonesia, and the links to intermediate factors and inputs. Between 1997-2015, the country's health performance indicators had improved and became more equal. This achievement could potentially be correlated with improvement in health care access, which might be a result of the Indonesian government's policy to expand health insurance coverage, mainly to the most impoverished population. By 2020, the Indonesian government operates national social health insurance, the Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), which covers about 83% of the country's population, including the poor and vulnerable. This paper uses the Control Knob Framework and focuses on the health insurance expansion as the financing knob adjustment conducted by the government. The analysis starts with the improvement of health status indicators and tracks back its association with health care access and health insurance coverage expansion. This paper finds that health status improvement in Indonesia between 1997-2015 was correlated with health care access increase. The decline in the infant mortality rate (IMR) and the under-five mortality rate (U5MR) between 1997-2015 were associated with an increase in health care utilization, including the use of trained birth attendants and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunization. This paper then observes a strong correlation between the expansion of health care access and health insurance coverage. In terms of equality, the article sees a weaker, but evident, correlation between health insurance equalization across different population groups with more equitable health care access and health outcomes. The findings of this paper justify the effectiveness of the financing knob (expanding and equalizing health insurance coverage) in increasing access to care (outpatient and inpatient care, trained birth attendants, immunization) and improving health status (IMR and U5MR). This study is among the firsts to utilize Control Knob Framework as an analytical tool for health insurance assessment. The study recommends the government to combine health insurance expansion with other progressive policy, such as financial support to poor patients to cover the non-medical expenses of attending health care, to optimize the effectiveness of the interventions."

"ABSTRAK Since 2014, there has been an increase in funds for primary health care (PHC) coming from the National Health Insurance program capitation funds and the Health Operational Assistance Fund. This study aimed to explore the effect of this budget increase on the health care services at PHC. The case study used a qualitative approach and interviews from 19 PHC health workers with the highest and lowest budget. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis and supported by quantitative data. The positive impact of the increasing PHC budget was felt by PHC staff due to the addition of operational equipment and incentives provided. Nevertheless, there was also a negative impact such as feeling overwhelmed due to an increase in the quantity of PHC activities and additional administrative affairs. It also triggered a negative interaction between staff due to the number of incentives received. The regulation on the use of budget empowers PHC to better arrange the schedule of activities and manage human resources. However, these regulations are considered restrictive and the administrative flow of funds is too long that hinder the optimal use of the budget."

"Terdapatnya suatu jaminan kesehatan baru yang menggantikan jaminan kesehatan sebelumnya dapat membawa kebaikan ataupun keburukan bagi pengguna. Oleh sebeb itu, perlu adanya survei kepuasan kepada peserta pengguna tentang pelayanan yang diberikan oleh masing-masing jaminan kesehatan JPKM Jaminan Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Masyarakat ataupun JKN Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional di kota Sawahlunto. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan dan membandingkan antara sistem jaminan kesehatan JPKM dan JKN terhadap kepuasan peserta dalam pelayanan kesehatan gigi dan mulut di kota Sawahlunto. Metode : menggunakan cross-sectional, dengan sampel pada penelitian ini diberikan kuesioner ServQual yang terdiri atas harapan dan kinerja. Subjek : Masyarakat yang pernah atau sedang menggunakan JPKM dan JKN, jumlahnya adalah 182 orang. Analisa : Kepuasan pengguna dilihat dengan menganalisa gap antara kinerja dan harapan pada status sosiodemografi dan uji komparasi Mann Whitney test untuk melihat perbedaan kepuasan JPKM dan JKN. Kesimpulan hasil : terdapat perbedaan kepuasan pada dimensi assurance JKN kelompok usia, semakin muda tingkat kepuasannya semakin tinggi. Pada kelompok profesi PNS/pensiunan memiliki persepsi kepuasan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok profesi lainnya. Kemudian, dimensi assurance dan reliability memberikan pengaruh signifikan pada kepuasan total pengguna JPKM dan JKN. Selanjutnya, pengguna JPKM memiliki nilai hampir mendekati kepuasan dibandingkan JKN.

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The new health insurance which change the old insurance it doesn rsquo t absolutely have a goodness. Therefore, we need observe user satisfaction in dental health service which have been given to users by JPKM Sub regional Community Health Insurance and JKN National Health Insurance in Sawahlunto city.

Purpose to see the relationship and compare between JPKM system and JKN system to user satisfaction in dental health service.

Method it was cross sectional study, the subject for this study were given expectation ServQual questionnaire and perception ServQual questionnaire. Subject all users had experiences using JPKM and JKN or were current users in Sawahlunto city, a total are 182 people.

Analysis user satisfaction was identified by analizing gap between perception and expectation on sosiodemographic status and comparison test Mann Whitney test to see significantly differences.

Conclusion of findings on JKN assurance dimention there are differences of satisfaction based on age variable. On profession variables, PNS pensiunan group has higher satisfaction than other professions. Then, reliability and assurance dimentions give signifficant effect to total satisfaction, and JPKM user have higher satisfaction than JKN user."

"ABSTRAKUnder the Japan Indonesia Economic Partnership Agreement, more than 1,000 of Indonesian health care workers have migrated to Japan. Social adjustment during the process of migration is linked to mental health changes. This study aimed to figure out the strongest predictor that influences the change in mental health status as a result of migration. Baseline data were collected in Jakarta in 2013 during predeparture orientation. Follow up study was conducted one year after the study participants migrated to Japan in 2014. Using longitudinal design, this study employed 92 participants consisting of nurse and certified care worker candidates. The multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to figure out the predictors that influence the change in mental health status. The prediction model expected to explain 39.9% of the change in mental health status, p value < 0.01, while sex (b = 0.201, p value < 0.05), economic conditions in pre migration (b = -0.200, p value < 0.05), and the socio cultural adaptation competency (b = -0.238, p value < 0.05). This finding assumed that female candidates and those who have economic constraint in pre migration stage, and those who have declining in socio cultural adaptation competency tend to have lower mental health one year after the migration."