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"This book provides an explanation of Chinese policy towards the South China Sea, and argues that this has been sculpted by the changing dynamics of the law of the sea in conjunction with regional geopolitical flux.The past few decades have witnessed a bifurcated trend in China's management of territorial disputes. Over the years, while China gradually calmed and settled most land-border disputes with its neighbors, disputes on the ocean frontier continued to simmer in a seething cauldron. China's Policy towards the South China Sea attributes the distinctive path of China's approach to maritime disputes to a unique factor--the law of the sea (LOS) as the "rules of the road" in the ocean. By deconstructing the concept of "sovereignty" and treating the LOS as an evolving regime, the book examines how the changing dynamics of the LOS regime have complicated and reshaped the nature and content of sovereign disputes in the ocean regime as well as the options of settlement. Applying the findings to the South China Sea case, the author traces the learning curve on which China has embarked to comprehend the complexity of the dispute accordingly and finds that it is the dynamic interaction of the law of the sea regime and the geopolitical conditions that has driven the evolution of China's South China Sea policy. This book will be of great interest to students of Chinese and Asian politics, international law, international relations and security studies"

"Tesis ini membahas tentang pengaruh komponen ? komponen geopolitik yaitu wilayah, energi dan power terhadap sengketa teritorial di Laut China Selatan antara China dan Vietnam periode 2009 - 2011. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksplanatif untuk menjelaskan hubungan kausalitas antar variabel serta menggunakan metode pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan.Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketiga komponen geopolitik mempengaruhi sengketa teritorial di Laut China Selatan . Pertama, komponen wilayah yang dijelaskan melalui kedekatan geografis dan panjang garis pantai menunjukkan adanya klaim kepemilikan dan tingkat resiko bagi apabila terjadi sengketa di kawasan tersebut. Kedua, komponen energi yang dijelaskan melalui pengukuran tingkat pemenuhan kebutuhan energi menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya tingkat pemenuhan kebutuhan energi mempengaruhi eskalasi konflik akibat eksplorasi energi di kawasan yang masih menjadi sengketa. Sedangkan komponen power, kapabilitas militer yang kuat menimbulkan peningkatan agresivitas China ? Vietnam untuk mengklaim kawasan LCS. Selain itu, strategi China ? Vietnam untuk mempertahankan klaim juga mempengaruhi hubungan konfliktual di antara kedua negara ini.

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The focus of this study is analyzing the impact of the components of geopolitics i.e. territory, energy and power toward the territorial dispute between China and Vietnam in the South China Sea at the period of 2009 - 2011. This study is quantitative research that aims to analyze the causal relationship between each variable.This study summarize that the component of geopolitics give impact to the conflict escalation in the South China Sea dispute between Vietnam and China. In terms of territory, the geographic proximity and the coastline have explained the ownership claim and the country's risk should the dispute escalate into large-scale conflict or even war. In terms of energy, the rate of energy sufficiency ability gives impact to the dispute since it will cause a country to explore the disputed area in order to fulfill the energy demand. And in terms of power, the military capability has been the basis for China-Vietnam to act aggressively in the South China Sea. In addition, China ? Vietnam have also chosen different strategies to maintain their claims that in turns gives impact to the conflicting relationship among them.;The focus of this study is analyzing the impact of the components of geopolitics i.e. territory, energy and power toward the territorial dispute between China and Vietnam in the South China Sea at the period of 2009 ? 2011. This study is quantitative research that aims to analyze the causal relationship between each variable. This study summarize that the component of geopolitics give impact to the conflict escalation in the South China Sea dispute between Vietnam and China. In terms of territory, the geographic proximity and the coastline have explained the ownership claim and the country‟s risk should the dispute escalate into large-scale conflict or even war. In terms of energy, the rate of energy sufficiency ability gives impact to the dispute since it will cause a country to explore the disputed area in order to fulfill the energy demand. And in terms of power, the military capability has been the basis for China-Vietnam to act aggressively in the South China Sea. In addition, China ? Vietnam have also chosen different strategies to maintain their claims that in turns gives impact to the conflicting relationship among them."

"Penelitian ini mencoba menjelaskan mengenai mengapa China bertindak asertif terhadap Vietnam di dalam kasus sengketa di Laut China Selatan. Tindakan China terhadap Vietnam di kasus Laut China Selatan merupakan sebuah anomali. Ketika berhadapan dengan negara Asia Tenggara lainnya, China tidak bertindak asertif dibandingan ketika China berhadapan dengan Vietnam. China masih mengedepankan negosiasi dalam berhadapan dengan negara lain. Tetapi jika berhadapan dengan Vietnam, China lebih mengedepankan sikap asertifnya. Untuk mencoba menganalisis sikap China terhadap Vietnam tersebut, penulis menggunakna konsep offense-defense balance milik Jervis. Konsep tersebut menyatakan bahwa ketika suatu negara meningkatkan keamanannya maka keamanan negara lain akan berkurang. Namun efek tersebut dapat dikurangi oleh 2 indikator yaitu keuntungan ofensif dan defensif serta pembedaan senjata ofensif atau defensif. Keuntungan ofensif terjadi ketika teknologi alutsista dapat menetralisir keuntungan geografis yang ada. Keuntungan defensif terjadi ketika teknologi alutsista tidak bisa menetralisir keuntungan geografis. Sedangkan pembedaan senjata ofensif dan defensif dapat dilihat dari 3 variabel yaitu mobilitas, daya tembak dan kemampuan menyerang tiba-tiba. Dari hasil analisis, tindakan China untuk bertindak lebih asertif kepada Vietnam disebabkan karena China dan Vietnam sama-sama memiliki keuntungan ofensif dan alutsista yang mereka miliki dapat dibedakan antara yang memiliki kemampuan ofensif dan kemampuan defensif. Oleh sebab itu dalam hubungan China dan Vietnam terjadi hubungan yang memungkinkan terjadinya aksi asertif oleh salah satu negara.

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This study tries to explain why China acts assertively towards Vietnam in the case of disputes in the South China Sea. China's action against Vietnam in the South China Sea case is an anomaly. When dealing with other Southeast Asian countries, China is not as assertive as when China is dealing with Vietnam. China is still prioritizing negotiations in dealing with other countries. But when it comes to Vietnam, China puts forward its assertiveness. To try to analyze China's attitude towards Vietnam, the author uses Jervis' offense-defense balance concept. The concept states that when a country increases its security, the security of other countries will decrease. However, this effect can be reduced by 2 indicators, namely offensive and defensive advantages and the differentiation of offensive or defensive weapons. Offensive advantage occurs when defense equipment technology can neutralize the existing geographic advantage. Defensive advantage occurs when defense equipment technology cannot neutralize geographical advantages. While the distinction between offensive and defensive weapons can be seen from 3 variables, namely mobility, firepower and the ability to attack suddenly. From the results of the analysis, China's action to act more assertively towards Vietnam is because China and Vietnam both have offensive advantages and their defense equipment can be distinguished between those with offensive capabilities and defensive capabilities. Therefore, in the relationship between China and Vietnam, there is a relationship that allows assertive action by one of the countries."

"ABSTRAKKepulauan Spratly adalah sebuah wilayah di Laut Cina Selatan dimana terdapat terumbu karang dan pulau-pulau kecil. Wilayah Kepulauan Spratly bersama-sama dengan Laut China Selatan telah menjadi wilayah sengketa negara-negara tersebut yang mengelilingi Laut Cina Selatan. China adalah salah satu negara yang disengketakan, dengan mengklaim Laut Cina Selatan dan pulau-pulaunya, termasuk Nusantara Spratlys, sebagai bagian dari kedaulatannya. Pada akhir 2013, Cina melakukannya konstruksi pada 7 fitur karang di wilayah Kepulauan Spratly, yaitu Cuarteron Terumbu Karang, Terumbu Fiery Cross, Terumbu Gaven, Terumbu Hughes, Terumbu Johnson, Terumbu Mischief, dan Subi Reef, dan membuat pulau buatan baru. Status ketujuh fitur ini juga dipertanyakan dan apakah pembangunan pulau buatan ini bisa membuat China memperoleh kedaulatan atas Laut Cina Selatan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis status pulau buatan yang dibangun di atas tujuh fitur di wilayah tersebut Kepulauan Spratly dan apakah di pulau-pulau ini Cina bisa mendapatkan zona maritim untuk memperluas wilayah kedaulatannya di atas Laut Cina Selatan. DiTulisan ini menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif dengan menganalisis peraturan perundang-undangan laut internasional tentang pulau dan pulau buatan, latar belakang klaim China terhadapLaut Cina Selatan tiba di pembangunan tujuh fitur, serta putusanPermanen Pengadilan Arbitrase pada perselisihan antara Cina dan Filipina. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status tujuh fitur ditentukan dengan melihat kondisi aslinya sebelum dibangun oleh China, dan dengan status itu, China tidak dapat memperoleh zona ekonomi eksklusif di atas Kepulauan Spratly secara langsung secara keseluruhan, sehingga pembangunan tidak memberi Cina perluasankedaulatannya.ABSTRACTThe Spratly Islands are an area in the South China Sea where there are coral reefs and small islands. The area of ​​the Spratly Islands together with the South China Sea has become a disputed territory of these countries which surrounds the South China Sea. China is one of the disputed countries, claiming the South China Sea and its islands, including the Spratlys Archipelago, as part of its sovereignty. In late 2013, China carried out construction on 7 coral features in the Spratly Islands region, namely Cuarteron Coral Reef, Fiery Cross Reef, Gaven Reef, Hughes Reef, Johnson Reef, Mischief Reef, and Subi Reef, and created a new artificial island. The status of these seven features is also questioned and whether the construction of these artificial islands can allow China to gain sovereignty over the South China Sea. This article aims to analyze the status of artificial islands built on seven features in the Spratly Islands region and whether in these islands China can get a maritime zone to expand its sovereign territory over the South China Sea. In This paper uses normative juridical research by analyzing international maritime laws and regulations regarding artificial islands and islands, the background of China's claims to The South China Sea arrived at the construction of the seven features, as well as the verdictPermanent Court of Arbitration on disputes between China and the Philippines. The results show that the status of the seven features is determined by looking at their original condition before being built by China, and with that status, China cannot obtain an exclusive economic zone over the Spratly Islands directly in its entirety, so development does not give China an expansion.his sovereignty."

"South China has become one of the most of serious hot spot in the world. The geopolitics of the sub region plays a very crucial tole in the pattern of interactions among the claimant states of the south china sea."

"ASEAN has an abiding interest in peace and stability in this region and in freedom of navigation in and overflight above the South China Sea. Much of ASEANs commerce, including its members' traded food and energy resources, passes through or over the South China Sea. The stakes for ASEAN and its members in the South China Sea are very high.This book is the product of a conference on Entering Uncharted Waters? ASEAN and the South China Sea Dispute, initiated to remind all claimants to bring their claims as close as possible to the provisions of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. After all, ASEAN has sought to promote the rule of law in the region."