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"With a range of experts from different disciplines and professions, this text comprehensively explains human trafficking as it exists and is being addressed in the twenty-first century. The first section gives an overview of the issue and contextualizes it within a human rights and historical framework. The second section provides the reader with more detailed, interdisciplinary information about trafficking. The third section, which contains a chapter written by a former FBI agent, focuses on the anti-trafficking movement and addresses international responses to the problem, as well as considerations for working with victims. Human Trafficking closes with a chapter about how trafficking is being addressed and how individuals, larger social groups, and organizations can get involved in putting an end to the crime and to helping survivors. Human Trafficking is essential reading for professionals in law enforcement, human services, and health care, and for concerned citizens interested in human rights and making a difference in their communities. This book is also intended for use in undergraduate and graduate interdisciplinary courses in human trafficking."

"Millions of people around the world are forced to work without pay and under threat of violence. These individuals can be found working in brothels, factories, mines, farm field, restaurants, construction sites and private homes: many have been tricked by human traffickers and lured by false promises of good jobs or education, some are forced to work at gunpoint, while others are trapped by phony debts from unscrupulous moneylenders. The SAGE Handbook of Human Trafficking and Modern-Day Slavery provides a comprehensive, interdisciplinary and global look at the diverse issues surrounding human trafficking and slavery in the post-1945 environment. Covering everything from history, literature and politics to economics, international law and geography, this Handbook is essential reading for academics and researchers, as well as for policy-makers and non-governmental organisations"

"Dalam penulisan tesis ini membahas mengenai penegakan hukum terhadap Tindak Perdagangan Orang. Penelitan ini adalah penelitian yuridis. Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai penanggulangan dari aparat penegak hukum mulai dari pihak Kepolisian, Jaksa dan Hakim dalam menanggulangi Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang. Yang menjadi kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi penegakan hukum terhadap pemberantasan tindak pidana perdagangan orang adalah terkait dengan aspek substansi hukum yang meliputi belum memadainya perundang - undangan spesifik yang menyangkut perdagangan orang, kepemilikan dan pemahaman terhadap peraturan perundang - undangan serta kebijakan mengenai perdagangan orang. Dalam aspek struktur hukum yang meliputi situasi dan kondisi organisasi penegak hukum, sumber daya manusia para penegak hukum, sarana dan prasarana, serta dana / anggaran. Selain itu, dalam aspek kultur hukum, yang meliputi kondisi kultur aparat penegak hukum dan kultur masyarakat sehingga belum sepenuhnya mampu mendukung kegiatan operasional aparat penegak hukum, yang menyebabkan pelaksanaan penegakan hukum tidak sepenuhnya efektif.

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This thesis discussed the prevention of the Acts of Trafficking in Persons. This research is juridical research. This study investigated the response of law enforcement officers from the police, prosecutor and judge to prevent of the Acts of Trafficking in Persons. The conclusion in this study, The factors that affect law enforcement on the eradication of human trafficking is associated with the substance of the legal aspects, including inadequate specific legislation concerning of human trafficking, ownership and understanding of legislation and policies on trade people. In the aspect of the legal structure that includes the circumstances of law enforcement organizations, human resources law enforcement, facilities and infrastructure, and funding / budget. In addition, the aspect of legal culture, which includes law enforcement culture conditions and culture of the community that has not been fully able to support the operational activities of law enforcement officers, which led to the implementation of law enforcement are not fully effective."

"Pandemi COVID-19 telah memberikan dampak yang signifikan pada banyak aspek kehidupan manusia, termasuk pada aktivitas kejahatan lintas negara seperti human trafficking sebagai transnational organized crimes. Di Eropa Tenggara, daerah ini telah lama menjadi pusat perhatian terkait kejahatan lintas negara tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peningkatan angka Human Trafficking sebagai Transnational Organized Crimes (TOC) di Eropa Tenggara, studi atas negara Turki dan Yunani selama masa pandemi COVID-19 dari tahun 2019-2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan teori regional security complex, konsep transnational organized crime dan konsep resolusi konflik. Dalam penelitian ini, menggunakan penelitian data sekunder. Teknik analisis deskriptif dan naratif melalui analisis dokumen terkait, laporan pemerintah, dan literatur terkait. Pendekatan teori ini membantu dalam memahami kompleksitas dan dinamika kejahatan lintas negara dengan memperhatikam hubungan antara Turki dan Yunani, serta dampak pandemi COVID-19 terhadap kejahatan tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pandemi COVID-19 meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap human trafficking di Turki dan Yunani, terutama pada kelompok migran dan pengungsi. Penelitian ini juga membahas upaya pemerintah dan organisasi masyarakat sipil dalam melindungi korban dan menangani human trafficking secara komprehensif.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on many aspects of human life, including transnational organized crimes such as human trafficking. In Southeast Europe, this region has long been the center of attention regarding these transnational crimes. This research aims to analyze the increasing number of human trafficking as Transnational Organized Crimes (TOC) in Southeast Europe, a study of Turkey and Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019-2022. This research uses qualitative research methods with a regional security complex theory approach, the concept of transnational organized crime and the concept of conflict resolution. In this study, secondary data research was used. Descriptive and narrative analysis techniques through analysis of related documents, government reports, and related literature. This theoretical approach helps in understanding the complexity and dynamics of transnational crime by considering the relationship between Turkey and Greece, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these crimes. The results show that the COVID-19 pandemic has increased vulnerability to human trafficking in Turkey and Greece, especially among migrants and refugees. This research also discusses the efforts of the government and civil society organizations in protecting victims and dealing with human trafficking comprehensively."

"Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang gerakan advokasi yang dilakukan oleh organisasi non-pemerintah terhadap penyelesaian isu kerja paksa dan perdagangan manusia yang terjadi di sektor perikanan tangkap Thailand dan Indonesia. Adanya laporan investigasi oleh beberapa media internasional telah mengungkap sisi gelap dari sektor perikanan tangkap Thailand dan Indonesia terkait dengan isu praktek kerja paksa dan perdagangan manusia di atas kapal penangkapan ikan. Tidak terselesaikannya permasalahan kerja paksa dan perdagangan manusia tersebut membuat organisasi non-pemerintah (NGO) di Thailand dan Indonesia melaksanakan berbagai gerakan advokasi dalam mendorong penyelesaian permasalahan kerja paksa dan perdagangan manusia. Meskipun begitu belum banyak penelitian yang membahas gerakan advokasi organisasi non-pemerintahan yang ada di Thailand dan Indonesia terkait isu perbudakan modern. Melihat hal tersebut, muncul pertanyaan tentang bagaimana gerakan advokasi yang dilakukan NGO di Thailand dan Indonesia dalam mendorong diselesaikannya permasalahan perbudakan modern di sektor perikanan tangkap. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini akan menggunakan teori jaringan advokasi transnasional oleh Keck dan Sikkink (1999), dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Dalam analisis, peneliti menemukan adanya berbagai bentuk gerakan dalam advokasi transnasional yang dilakukan NGO untuk mendorong adanya perubahan kebijakan pemerintah dalam menyelesaikan isu perbudakan modern. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam gerakan advokasi transnasional untuk mendorong penyelesaian isu mengenai kerja paksa dan perdagangan manusia, NGO Thailand dan Indonesia telah melakukan pembingkaian tentang isu tersebut yang kemudian disebarluaskan kepada publik dan organisasi lainnya agar terbentuk sebuah gerakan advokasi yang masif. Bersamaan dengan itu, NGO di Thailand dan Indonesia juga melakukan pendekatan-pendekatan kepada para aktor-aktor yang memiliki kuasa lebih, seperti pemerintah negara-negara importir produk perikanan maupun agensi-agensi PBB, untuk dapat memberikan dorongan kepada kedua pemerintah agar mengadopsi berbagai aturan internasional sebagai upaya untuk menyelesaikan dan menghentikan praktek kerja paksa dan perdagangan manusia di sektor perikanan tangkap.

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This study examines the advocacy movement of NGOs to enforced the settlement of forced labour and human trafficking issues in Thailand and Indonesia capture fisheries sector. The publications of investigation reported by some international medias revealed the dark side of Thailand and Indonesia fisheries sector regarding forced labour and human trafficking practices towards fishing workers on the fishing boats. The unresolved of forced labour and human trafficking issues has led NGOs in Thailand and Indonesia to carry out various advocacy movements in enforcing the settlement of forced labour and human trafficking issues. Nonetheless, there are still lack of studies exploring the advocacy movement of NGO in combating forced labour and human trafficking practices. Hence, the research question of this study is how the advocacy movement of NGOs in Thailand and Indonesia in enforcing the settlement of forced labour and human trafficking issues on the capture fisheries sectors. In this study, the author used transnational network advocacy theory by Keck dan Sikkink (1999), as well as qualitative research method. In the analysis, this study found various type of activities of NGOs transnational advocacy movement to enforce the improvement of governments policies to end forced labour and human trafficking practices in fisheries. This study concluded that in the transnational advocacy movement to enforce the settlement of forced labour and human trafficking issues, Thailand and Indonesian NGOs have framed the issues which was then shared to public and other organizations, in order to form a massive advocacy movement. At the same time, NGOs in Thailand and Indonesia also approached other actors who had more power, such as the government of the fisheries importing country and UN agencies, to enforce those two governments to adopt various international regulation as an effort to resolve and diminish the forced labour and human trafficking practices in catch fisheries sector."

"Perdagangan orang merupakan masalah yang telah menjadi perhatian internasional sejak dahulu kala. Tindakan perdagangan orang kerap memakan korban yang identik dengan keadaan rentan karena lebih memudahkan dalam prakteknya. Salah satu keadaan rentan yang dimanfaatkan oleh pelaku perdagangan orang adalah kondisi rentan dari seorang pengungsi. Skripsi ini menganalisis kasus-kasus mengenai pengungsi yang menjadi korban perdagangan orang, dan dikaitkan dengan dua instrumen hukum internasional. Seseorang dapat dikatakan tergolong dalam kategori serorang pengungsi jika sudah memenuhi unsur-unsur yang terkandung di dalam Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children adalah instrumen hukum internasional yang mengatur mengenai tindakan perdagangan orang, yang merupakan protokol tambahan dari Convention on Transnational Organized Crime 2000. Penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan analisis pendekatan yuridis normatif. Analisis ini mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat berbagai alasan yang mendasari para pengungsi untuk meninggalkan negaranya, dan bahwa keadaan rentan mereka sebagai pengungsi kerap dimanfaatkan oleh para pelaku perdagangan orang melalui berbagai cara yang merupakan unsur-unsur dari perbuatan perdagangan orang yang melanggar TOC Convention 2000 Protocol.

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Human trafficking has been a concerning international problem since a long time ago. Traffickers are often targeting vulnerable group of people because it is easier to commit human trafficking towards vulnerable group of people, such as refugees. Vulnerable condition of a refugee is an advantage to traffickers. This thesis analyzes cases about refugees who are victims of human trafficking, and being related to two international law instruments. A person can be categorized as a refugees if the elements of a refugee based on Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees 1951 has been fulfilled. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children is an international law instrument that regulates the act of human trafficking, which also an additional protocol of Convention on Transnational Organized Crime 2000. This thesis uses normative legal method of research as well as juridical normative analysis in addressing the issue. This analysis concludes that there are several reasons for refugees to leave their country, and that their vulnerable condition as a refugee are often being misused by traffickers through ways which are the elements of human trafficking action against TOC Convention 2000 Protocol."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis upaya ABK asal Indonesia yang menjadi korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang di kapal perikanan asing untuk memperoleh keadilan melalui berbagai forum yang disediakan dalam sistem hukum nasional Indonesia. Penulis berupaya untuk menjelaskan kesulitankesulitan yang dihadapi oleh ABK di kapal perikanan ketika melakukan usaha tersebut. Penulis menemukan bahwa kesulitan ini lahir karena adnaya kerangka hukum normatif yang kurang memadai, kurangnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran hukum, hambatan dalam memperoleh bantuan hukum, victim blaming, dan persoalan lainnya. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa sistem hukum Indonesia belum siap dan tidak mampu memberikan akses terhadap keadilan yang baik bagi ABK korban perdagangan orang.

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This research aims to analyze how Indonesian fishermen who were trafficked in foreign fishing vessels overseas attempt to achieve justice through the various forums provided within the Indonesian legal system. The writer seeks to describe the difficulties faced by Indonesian fishermen when attempting to obtain justice. The writer discovers that these difficulties are borne out of a faulty legal framework, a lack of legal knowledge and awareness, obstacles in acquiring legal aid, victim blaming, and other issues. The writer concludes that the Indonesian legal system is not prepared and is unable to provide adequate access to justice for these victims."

"Human trafficking is widely considered to be the fastest growing branch of trafficking, having moved rapidly up the agenda of states and international organisations since the early 1990s, as its implications for security and human rights have become clearer. Provides original research findings on human trafficking, with particular reference to Europe, South East Asia and Australia, and advocates radical new approaches"

"ABSTRAKKawasan Asia Tenggara memiliki tingkat kejadian perdagangan manusia yang tinggidengan latar belakang dan penyebab yang beragam; baik dari aspek ketenagakerjaan,migrasi, kemiskinan, kejahatan maupun konflik negara. Hal ini menyebabkanpendekatan untuk pemberantasan perdagangan manusia menjadi beragam pula; baikdari tahapan pencegahan, penegakan hukum, maupun dukungan untuk korban. Tesisini membahas pemberantasan perdagangan manusia di kawasan Asia Tenggarasebagai tindak pidana pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan hukum pidanainternasional; baik secara internasional maupun regional antar negara-negara anggotaASEAN. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kerja sama internasional melaluibantuan hukum timbal balik atau mutual legal assistance (MLA). Instrumen bantuanhukum timbal balik yang digunakan dan dianggap sesuai untuk kawasan AsiaTenggara adalah perjanjian yang dihasilkan oleh Association of South East AsiaNations (ASEAN) yaitu ASEAN Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty in Criminal Matters(ASEAN MLAT). Bantuan hukum timbal balik merupakan instrumen kerjasamaformal yang sesuai untuk pemberantasan kejahatan formal maka mampu mengikatkomitmen negara secara penuh. Penelitian dilakukan dengan studi kasus perdaganganmanusia yang terjadi di kawasan ZAMBASULTA (Zamboanga, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi) di Filipina. Sebagai daerah di Filipina dengan kasus perdagangan manusiayang secara dominan lintas batas Negara antara Filipina dengan Malaysia.ZAMBASULTA dapat menggambarkan penerapan ASEAN MLAT di kawasan AsiaTenggara sebagai instrument regional pemberantasan manusia.

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ABSTRACTSouth East Asia region has a high level of human trafficking case with variousbackgrounds and causes; whether from aspects of labor, migration, poverty, crime orhomeland conflict. Hence the approach for human trafficking suppression varies;whether from the phase of prevention, law enforcement, or victim support. This thesisaddresses human trafficking suppression in South East Asia region as a crime againsthuman rights. Writer describes the law for human rights protection and internationalcrime against human trafficking; internationally and amongst ASEAN membercountries. The approach being taken is international cooperation through mutual legalassistance (MLA). The instrument considered appropriate is ASEAN Mutual LegalAssistance Treaty in Criminal Matters (ASEAN MLAT). Mutual legal assistance is acompatible formal cooperation instrument for suppressing human trafficking becauseof its ability to handle transnational crimes and provides binding commitmentamongst countries. Research is conducted with case study of ZAMBASULTA(Zamboanga, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-Tawi) in Philippine. Being a Philippine region withcross border human trafficking cases between Philippine and Malaysia,ZAMBASULTA can represent the implementation of ASEAN MLAT in South EastAsia region as a regional instrument of human trafficking suppression."

"By analysing the complex issues surrounding internal and cross-border human trafficking in Asia, and asserting critical perspectives and methodologies, this book extends the range of sites for discussion and sectors in which human trafficking takes place. The book re-centres human trafficking as an area of legitimate academic inquiry in a region that is often considered as an epicentre for human trafficking: East and Southeast Asia. It thus offers an in-depth analysis and up-to-date knowledge on research methodologies and engagements, patterns and forms of human trafficking, constructively critiquing anti-trafficking campaigns and discourses, and offering examples of good practice within the region that help us move beyond the impasse that currently hampers human trafficking as a field of inquiry in the social sciences. Providing constructive avenues for human trafficking research to proceed methodologically, theoretically and ethically, this book is of interest to students and scholars of Politics, International Relations and Southeast Asian Studies"