Latar Belakang: Cisplatin telah menjadi terapi lini pertama untuk kanker ovarium, namun efek samping terbesar cisplatin adalah peningkatan resistensi sel kanker yang menyebabkan hepatotoksisitas pada sel normal. Kurkumin terbukti memiliki sifat hepatoprotektif, tetapi efek terapeutik kurkumin terbatas karena memiliki bioavailabilitas yang rendah. Penggunaan kitosan nanopartikel pada kurkumin telah terbukti meningkatkan bioavailabilitas kurkumin sehingga efektivitasnya lebih besar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk melihat pengaruh nanokurkumin terhadap hepatotoksisitas akibat pemberian cisplatin. Tujuan: Membandingkan pengaruh kurkumin dan nanopartikel kurkumin untuk digunakan sebagai ko-kemoterapi dengan cisplatin pada kanker ovarium tikus yang ditinjau melalui jalur apoptosis, khususnya marker Bax dan Kaspase-3. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental in vivo pada model kanker ovarium tikus betina galur Wistar yang diinduksi 7,12-dimethybenzen[a]anthracene (DMBA) dan dilaksanakan di Departemen Farmakologi dan Terapeutik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia sejak bulan Juni 2019 hingga Juni 2020. Cisplatin diberikan dalam dosis sebesar 4 mg/kgBB secara intraperitoneal. Kurkumin dan nanokurkumin diberikan dalam dosis oral sebesar 100 mg/kgBB. Organ tersimpan hepar yang diambil dari 25 ekor tikus terbagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok tikus normal, model kanker ovarium tikus, terapi cisplatin, terapi cisplatin + kurkumin, dan terapi cisplatin + nanokurkumin. Setelah dikelompokkan, dilakukan homogenisasi sampel yang terpilih. Lalu, RNA Bax dan Kaspase-3 diisolasi dari homogenat sampel organ hepar dan cDNA kedua gen disintesis. Kemudian, tingkat ekspresi mRNA Bax dan Kaspase-3 pada hepar diukur menggunakan qRT-PCR. Data ekspresi mRNA Bax dan Kaspase-3 dianalisis dan diuji korelasi antarkelompok menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil: Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelima kelompok pada tingkat ekspresi mRNA Bax (p=0,372) dan Kaspase-3 (p=0,111). Kesimpulan: Tidak ditemukan pengaruh kurkumin dan nanokurkumin terhadap ekspresi mRNA Bax dan Kaspase-3 organ hepar pada model kanker ovarium tikus setelah pemberian terapi cisplatin.
Background: Cisplatin has become the first-line therapy for ovarian cancer, but it has a side effect of increasing cancer cell resistance which causes hepatotoxicity in normal cells. Curcumin has been shown to have hepatoprotective properties, but its therapeutic effect is limited because of its low bioavailability. The use of chitosan nanoparticles in curcumin has been shown to increase the bioavailability of curcumin. This research was conducted to see the effect of nanocurcumin on hepatotoxicity due to cisplatin administration. Aim: Comparing the effect of curcumin and curcumin nanoparticles as co-chemotherapy with cisplatin in rat ovarian cancer that is evaluated through apoptotic pathways, specifically Bax and Kaspase-3 markers. Methods: This research is an in vivo experimental study on a female ovarian cancer model of Wistar rats induced 7,12-dimethybenzen[a]anthracene (DMBA) and was carried out in the Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia from June 2019 to June 2020. Cisplatin is given in doses of 4 mg/kgBW intraperitoneal. Curcumin and nanocurcumin are given in oral doses of 100 mg/kgBW. Stored liver organs which was taken from 25 rats was divided into 5 treatment groups which are normal, ovarian cancer model, cisplatin therapy, cisplatin + curcumin therapy, and cisplatin + nanocurcumin therapy group. After the samples are grouped, homogenization of the selected sample is carried out. Then, the Bax and Kaspase-3 RNA were isolated from the homogenate samples and the cDNA of the two genes was synthesized. Then, the levels of Bax and Kaspase-3 mRNA expressions in the liver were measured using qRT-PCR. Bax and Kaspase-3 mRNA expressions were analyzed and tested intergroup correlations using the SPSS application. Results: There were no significant differences between the five groups in the expression levels of Bax mRNA (p=0,372) and Kaspase-3 (p=0,111). Conclusion: This study shows no effect of curcumin and nanocurcumin on the expression of Bax and Caspase-3 liver organ mRNA in rat ovarian cancer models after cisplatin therapy.
"Kurkumin merupakan pigmen kuning alami dari rimpang kunyit yang diduga memiliki aktivitas kemopreventif terhadap sel kanker melalui mekanisme jalur pensinyalan apoptosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji hubungan kurkumin terhadap kadar protein RASSF1A, Bax, dan aktivitas kaspase-3 dalam menunjang mekanisme apoptosis pada sel kanker payudara CSA03, MCF-7, dan MDA-MB-468.
Penelitian eksperimen in vitro dilakukan di laboratorium terpadu Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia Jakarta, laboratorium terpadu Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas YARSI Jakarta, RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta, serta RS Islam Jakarta tahun 2016–2018. Pemberian kurkumin terhadap sel kanker didasarkan atas perbedaan dosis dan waktu pemberian. Uji sitotoksisitas setelah pemberian kurkumin ditentukan secara MTS. Kadar protein RASSF1A dan Bax diuji secara ELISA. Aktivitas kaspase-3 digunakan untuk mengetahui apoptosis diuji secara flowsitometri. Selanjutnya perubahan morfologi sel diamati melalui pewarnaan acridine orange/ethidium bromide.
Pemberian kurkumin terhadap sel-sel yang diuji menunjukkan konsentrasi IC50 yaitu 40,85 µg/mL pada sel CSA03; 75,73 µg/mL pada sel MCF-7; dan 380,79 µg/mL pada sel MDA-MB-468. Pemberian kurkumin menunjang mekanisme apoptosis melalui jalur RASSF1A, Bax, dan aktivitas kaspase-3 pada sel kanker payudara.
Kata Kunci: Apoptosis, Bax, CSA03, kaspase-3, kurkumin, MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, pewarnaan ganda, RASSF1A
Curcumin is a natural yellow pigment from turmeric rhizome which is thought to have a chemopreventive effect on cancer through the mechanism of apoptotic signaling pathways. This study aims to examine the correlation of curcumin with protein level of RASSF1A, Bax, and caspase-3 activities in conjunction with the mechanism of apoptosis in CSA03, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells.
In vitro experimental research was carried out at the Integrated Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Jakarta; RSUPN. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta; and Jakarta Islamic Hospital during 2016–2018. Curcumin was administered to the cancer cells in different doses and time. Cytotoxicity test after administration of curcumin was determined by MTS. The protein level of RASSF1A and Bax were measured by ELISA. Caspase-3 activity was used to determine apoptosis by flow cytometry. Furthermore, changes in cell morphology were observed by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.
The administration of curcumin to the cells showed IC50 concentrations of 40.85 µg/mL in CSA03 cells; 75.73 μg/mL in MCF-7 cells; and 380.79 µg/mL in MDA-MB-468 cells. The administration of curcumin supports the mechanism of apoptosis through the RASSF1A, Bax, and caspase-3 activity in breast cancer cells.
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