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"This book provides a system-level approach to making packaging decisions for millimeter-wave transceivers. In electronics, the packaging forms a bridge between the integrated circuit or individual device and the rest of the electronic system, encompassing all technologies between the two. To be able to make well-founded packaging decisions, researchers need to understand a broad range of aspects, including: concepts of transmission bands, antennas and propagation, integrated and discrete package substrates, materials and technologies, interconnects, passive and active components, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various packages and packaging approaches, and package-level modeling and simulation. Packaging also needs to be considered in terms of system-level testing, as well as associated testing and production costs, and reducing costs. This peer-reviewed work contributes to the extant scholarly literature by addressing the aforementioned concepts and applying them to the context of the millimeter-wave regime and the unique opportunities that this transmission approach offers."

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Jaringan seluler merupakan teknologi yang terus berkembang karena terus meningkatnya kebutuhan pengguna. Kebutuhan ini mendorong lahirnya 5G yang diharapkan dapat mendukung Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), dan Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (uRLLC). Dalam mendukung aplikasi ini dibutuhkan kecepatan pengiriman data yang tinggi terutama pada jaringan fronthaul untuk mendukung akses radio ke pengguna. Teknologi bidirectional radio over fiber pada gelombang milimeter memiliki prospek tinggi bagi jaringan 5G fronthaul, namun terjadinya dispersi data menjadi hambatan dalam memperoleh kinerja sistem yang optimal. Penelitian ini merancang sistem bidirectional radio over fiber dan melakukan optimasi sistem dengan dispersion compensating fiber (DCF). Penelitian mengamati kinerja sistem pada variasi jarak dan bit rate dengan menganalisis parameter Bit Error Rate (BER) dan Q Factor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada rancangan sistem bidirectional Radio over Fiber skema downstream mencapai standar pada jarak 1-2 km dengan peak bit rate 16 Gbps, sedangkan skema upstream mencapai standar pada jarak 1-4 km dengan peak bit rate 16 Gbps. Sementara itu, rancangan sistem bidirectional Radio over Fiber dengan penambahan DCF, menunjukkan peningkatan kualitas sinyal sebesar 150% pada skema downstream dan peningkatan 140% pada skema upstream, dengan memenuhi standar pada jarak 1-15 km dengan peak bit rate 16 Gbps.

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The cellular network continues to grow due to the increasing needs of users. Recently, the 5G network has offered not only higher capacity mobile broadband known as Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) but also Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (uRLLC). These promising applications require high data transfer, especially in fronthaul networks, to support radio access to users. The millimeter wave-based bidirectional Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology is prospective for 5G fronthaul due to its reliable link performance. However, dispersion has become an issue in obtaining an optimum performance in desired distances. This research designs a bidirectional radio over fiber system and studies a dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) optimization. The system is analyzed with Bit Error Rate (BER) and Q Factor parameters by varying distances and bit rates. The bidirectional Radio over Fiber system achieves the standard at 1-2 km with a peak bit rate of 16 Gbps for the downstream scheme, while the upstream scheme achieves the standard at 1-4 km with a peak bit rate of 16 Gbps. Moreover, the bidirectional Radio over Fiber system with DCF shows a 150% increase in signal quality for the downstream scheme and a 140% increase for the upstream scheme by meeting the standards at 1-15 km with a peak bit rate of 16 Gbps.

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"This book discusses low power techniques for millimeter wave transmitter IC. Considerations for the front-end design are followed by several implementation examples in the 60GHz band in CMOS down to 28nm technology. Additionally, the design and implementation details of digitally-modulated millimeter wave polar transmitters are presented."

"This book gathers the proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Measurement and Quality Control-Cyber Physical Issues (IMEKO TC 14 2019), held in Belgrade, Serbia, on 4-7 June 2019. The event marks the latest in a series of high-level conferences that bring together experts from academia and industry to exchange knowledge, ideas, experiences, research findings, and information in the field of measurement of geometrical quantities. The book addresses a wide range of topics, including: 3D measurement of GPS characteristics, measurement of gears and threads, measurement of roughness, micro- and nano-metrology, laser metrology for precision measurements, cyber physical metrology, optical measurement techniques, industrial computed tomography, multisensor techniques, intelligent measurement systems, evaluating measurement uncertainty, dimensional management in industry, product quality assurance methods, and big data analytics. By providing updates on key issues and highlighting recent advances in measurement and quality control, the book supports the transfer of vital knowledge to the next generation of academics and practitioners."

"This book provides a thorough overview of cutting-edge research on electronics applications relevant to industry, the environment, and society at large. It covers a broad spectrum of application domains, from automotive to space and from health to security, while devoting special attention to the use of embedded devices and sensors for imaging, communication and control. The book is based on the 2018 ApplePies Conference, held in Pisa, Italy in September 2018, which brought together researchers and stakeholders to consider the most significant current trends in the field of applied electronics and to debate visions for the future. Areas addressed by the conference included information communication technology; biotechnology and biomedical imaging; space; secure, clean and efficient energy; the environment; and smart, green and integrated transport. As electronics technology continues to develop apace, constantly meeting previously unthinkable targets, further attention needs to be directed toward the electronics applications and the development of systems that facilitate human activities. "

"This book covers a variety of topics related to the Industry 4.0 concept, with a special emphasis on the efficiency of production processes and innovative solutions for smart factories. It describes tools supporting this concept in both the mechanical engineering and biomedical engineering field. The content is based on papers presented at the 6th International Scientific-Technical Conference MANUFACTURING 2019, held on 19-22 May 2019, in Poznan, Poland. Virtual reality, simulation of manufacturing systems, additive manufacturing, big data analysis, automation and application of artificial intelligence, as well as economic and social issues related to the integration of those technologies are just some of the topics discussed here. All in all, the book offers a timely and practice-oriented reference guide for researchers and practitioners, and is expected to foster better communication and closer cooperation between universities and their business and industrial partners."

"This SpringerBrief investigates and reviews the development and various applications of mobile crowd sensing (MCS). With the miniaturization of sensors and the popularity of smart mobile devices, MCS becomes a promising solution to efficiently collect different types of information, such as traffic conditions, air quality, temperature and more, which is covered in this brief. The features, novelty, and applications of MCS are elaborated in detail in this brief. In addition, the basic knowledge about auction theory and incentive mechanism design is introduced.Incentive mechanism design plays a key role in the success of MCS. With an efficient incentive mechanism, it is possible to attract enough mobile users to participate in a MCS system, thus enough high quality sensing data can be collected. Two types of incentive mechanisms with different system models are introduced in this brief. One is the reputation-aware incentive mechanism, and another is the social-aware incentive mechanism.This SpringerBrief covers the significance and the impacts of both reputation and social relationship of smartphone users (SUs) in MCS and presents extensive simulation results to demonstrate the good performance of the proposed incentive mechanisms compared with some existing counterparts.The target audience for this SpringerBrief is researchers and engineers in the area of wireless communication and networking, especially those who are interested in the mobile crowd sensing or incentive mechanism design. Meanwhile, it is also intended as a reference guide for advanced level students in the area of wireless communications and computer networks."

"LoRa (Long Range) merupakan sebuah teknologi komunikasi nirkabel yang dirancang khusus untuk mendukung komunikasi jarak jauh dengan konsumsi daya yang rendah. LoRa menggunakan modulasi chirp spread spectrum, yang memungkinkan transmisi data dalam frekuensi radio yang rendah dengan daya pancar yang efisien. Keunggulan utama dari teknologi ini terletak pada jangkauan komunikasi yang jauh, mencapai beberapa hingga puluhan kilometer. Hal ini membuat LoRa sangat cocok untuk digunakan pada Internet of Things (IoT). Akan tetapi, di samping kelebihan-kelebihan yang dimiliki oleh LoRa, teknologi ini juga memiliki kelemahan. Beberapa di antaranya adalah data rate yang terbatas, kemungkinan terjadinya interference, dan rawan data collision. Salah satu yang paling utama untuk diatasi adalah masalah kemungkinan tabrakan data (collision). Masalah ini dapat terjadi apabila dalam satu waktu yang sama, terdapat beberapa node yang ingin mengirimkan data kepada gateway. Apabila situasi ini terjadi, akan ada sejumlah packet yang tidak terkirim dan hilang. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, algoritma ADR (Adaptive Data Rate) dan Randomized Backoff dapat digunakan. Pengujian penerapan kedua algoritma tersebut dilakukan pada sebuah Smart Environmental Monitoring System untuk mengetahui kemampuannya ketika diimplementasikan pada sebuah jaringan LoRa multinode. Dalam pengujian yang dilakukan dengan tambahan variasi algoritma TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) dan CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access), algoritma komunikasi Randomized Backoff menghasilkan persentase keberhasilan pengiriman data lebih dari 90% dan jumlah packet terkirim lebih dari 3.000 kali untuk ketiga node sensor yang membuatnya menjadi algoritma yang terbaik dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu, nilai Signal-to-Noise Ratio dan Received Signal Strength Indicator yang dihasilkan juga baik dengan hasil packet loss dan data corruption yang sedikit.

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LoRa (Long Range) is a wireless communication technology specifically designed to support long distance communications with low power consumption. LoRa uses chirp spread spectrum modulation, which allows data transmission in low radio frequencies with efficient transmit power. The main advantage of this technology lies in its long communication range, reaching several to tens of kilometers. This makes LoRa very suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) usage. However, apart from LoRa's advantages, this technology also has weaknesses. Some of the examples are limited data rates, the possibility of interference, and prone to data collisions. One of the most important things to overcome is the problem of possible data collisions. This problem can occur if at the same time, several nodes want to send data to the gateway. If this situation occurs, there will be a number of data that is not sent and lost. To overcome this problem, the ADR (Adaptive Data Rate) and Randomized Backoff algorithms can be used. The testing of the implementation of these two algorithms was carried out on a Smart Environmental Monitoring System to determine its capabilities when implemented on a multinode LoRa network. In the tests carried out with additional variations of the TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) and CSMA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access) algorithms, the Randomized Backoff communication algorithm produced a successful percentage of data delivery of more than 90% and the number of packets sent more than 3.000 times for all three sensor nodes used, making it the best algorithm in this research. Moreover, the resulting Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Received Signal Strength Indicator values are also good with minimal packet loss and data corruption."

"This book is a collection of papers from international experts presented at International Conference on NextGen Electronic Technologies (ICNETS2-2016). ICNETS2 encompassed six symposia covering all aspects of electronics and communications domains, including relevant nano/micro materials and devices. Presenting recent research on wireless communication networks and Internet of Things, the book will prove useful to researchers, professionals and students working in the core areas of electronics and their applications, especially in signal processing, embedded systems and networking."

"This book gathers selected papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Innovations in Electronics and Communication Engineering, held at Guru Nanak Institutions in Hyderabad, India. It highlights contributions by researchers, technocrats and experts regarding the latest technologies in electronic and communication engineering, and addresses various aspects of communication engineering, including signal processing, VLSI design, embedded systems, wireless communications, and electronics and communications in general. Covering cutting-edge technologies, the book offers a valuable resource, especially for young researchers. "