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"Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat stres anak Autisme dengan intervensi Modul Pedagogi Visual dan Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ yang diukur dari kadar kortisol saliva. Desain penelitian berupa eksperimental klinis dan laboratoris dengan mengukur kadar kortisol saliva sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Subjek terdiri dari 20 anak usia 6-10 tahun yang telah didiagnosis Autisme oleh dokter spesialis anak atau psikiater, tidak terdapat riwayat penyakit sistemik, tidak terdapat gangguan pada penglihatan dan pendengaran, dapat mengikuti instruksi sederhana, serta belum pernah ke dokter gigi. Subjek dibagi dalam dua kelompok yaitu kelompok Modul Pedagogi Visual ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ dan Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’. Saliva diambil pada saat sebelum dan sesudah intervensi kemudian dianalisis di laboratorium untuk mengukur perbedaan kadar kortisol saliva. Hasil analisis tingkat stres anak autisme yang diukur dari kadar kortisol saliva menggunakan Uji Mann Whitney-U menunjukkan nilai median kadar kortisol saliva anak autisme pada kelompok intervensi Modul Pedagogi Visual ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ sebesar 0,0005 μg/mL dan nilai median kadar kortisol saliva kelompok intervensi Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ sebesar 0,0010 μg/mL. Hal ini menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang tidak bermakna secara statistik (p > 0,050) dalam tingkat stres anak autisme yang diukur dari kadar kortisol saliva pada kelompok intervensi Modul Pedagogi Visual dan Video Modeling 'Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi'. Hal ini menandakan efektivitas Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ untuk menurunkan tingkat stres anak autisme pada saat perawatan gigi sama dengan Modul Pedagogi Visual ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ yang diukur dari kadar kortisol saliva .

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The aim of this study was to determine the differences of the Visual Pedagogy Module and Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ intervention method in reducing stress levels in autism children measured by salivary cortisol levels during dental treatment. The study design was clinical and laboratory experimental by measuring salivary cortisol levels before and after the intervention. Subjects consisted of 20 children aged 6-10 years who had been diagnosed with Autism by a pediatrician or psychiatrist, had no history of systemic disease, had no impairment of vision and hearing, could follow simple instructions, and had never been to a dentist. They were divided into two groups based on the type of intervention: Visual Pedagogy Module ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ and Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung

ke Dokter Gigi’. Saliva was collected from the children before and after the interventions and analyzed in the laboratory to measure the differences of salivary cortisol concentration. The Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze salivary concentration differences in two intervention groups. The median values in the two intervention groups were 0,0005 and 0,0010 μg/mL. The stress levels measured by salivary cortisol levels showed that both Visual Pedagogy Module and Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ proven to be effective in decreasing the level of stress among the children with autism. No significant statistical difference in the delta values was observed between the two groups (p >.050). Both Visual Pedagogy Module and Video Modeling ‘Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi’ are equally effective in reducing stress levels in children with autism measured by salivary cortisol levels."

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Latar Belakang: Perawatan gigi pada anak Gangguan Spektrum Autisme (GSA) sering menimbulkan stres karena kesulitan dalam berkomunikasi. Untuk mengurangi stres anak GSA, komunikasi verbal ditingkatkan dengan sarana pembelajaran seperti modul pedagogi visual dan video modeling. Alfa amilase saliva merupakan salah satu biomarker stres yang terdapat dalam saliva. Tujuan: Mengetahui perbedaan tingkat stres anak GSA dengan intervensi Modul Pedagogi Visual dan Video Modeling Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi melalui analisis kadar alfa amilase saliva. Metode Penelitian: Subjek penelitian sebanyak 18 anak usia 6-10 tahun dengan GSA ringan, dibagi dalam 2 kelompok intervensi, yaitu kelompok Modul Pedagogi Visual (MPV) dan Video Modeling (VM) Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi. Pengukuran kadar alfa amilase saliva dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Hasil: Pada kedua kelompok Kadar Alfa Amilase Saliva sesudah intervensi menunjukkan penurunan. Analisis statistik dengan uji Mann-Whitney U-test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan tidak bermakna (p >0,05) pada penurunan tingkat stres antara kelompok dengan intervensi MPV dan VM Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi. Kesimpulan: MPV dan VM Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi menurunkan tingkat stress anak GSA.

Kata kunci: Alfa amilase, Gangguan Spektrum Autisme, Saliva, Pedagogi

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Background: Dental treatment in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often causes stress because of difficulty in communicating. To reduce stress for ASD children, verbal communication is enhanced with learning tools such as visual pedagogy modules and video modelling. Salivary alpha amylase is one of the stress biomarker found in saliva. Objective: To determine the differences in stress levels of ASD children with the intervention of the Visual Pedagogy Module and Video Modelling Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi through the analysis of salivary alpha amylase levels. Methods: Subjects were 18 children aged 6-10 years with mild ASD, divided into 2 intervention groups, namely The Visual Pedagogy Module (VPM) and Video Modeling (VM) Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi group. Measurement of salivary alpha amylase levels was carried out before and after intervention. Result: In both groups the alpha amylase levels of saliva after the intervention showed a decrease. Statistical analysis using The Mann-Whitney U-test showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the reduction in stress levels between the VPM and VM Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi intervention groups. Conclusion: VPM and VM Berkunjung ke Dokter Gigi reduce the stress levels of ASD children.

Keywords : Autism, alpha amylase, saliva, pedagogy

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"Pada penelitian ini dilakukan kepada pada Anak dengan Gangguan Spektrum Autisme (GSA) yang mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan penurunan tingkat stress yang diintervensi video modeling dan modul pedagogi visual berkunjung ke dokter gigi melalui analisis kadar immunoglubulin A saliva. Studi ini merupakan penelitian cross- sectional-eksperimental klinis dan laboratoris dilakukan pengambilan saliva sebelum dan setelah intervensi untuk diukur kadar salivary immunoglobulin A (SIgA). Subjek adalah 16 anak GSA berusia 6-10 tahun yang telah memiliki diagnosa dari dokter anak atau psikiater, tidak memiliki kelainan pada penglihatan dan pendengaran, maupun pernah menjalani koreksi pada penglihatan dan pendengaran sehingga tidak mengganggu kemampuan melihat dan mendengar, dapat mengikuti instruksi sederhana, belum pernah berkunjung ke dokter gigi. Subjek dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok intervensi Video modeling dan kelompok intervensi Modul PV-BDG, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 8 anak GSA. Analisis data menggunakan uji normalitas Shapiro-Wilk. Terdapat kenaikan kadar SIgA setelah intervensi Video PV- BDG. Rata-rata kadar SIgA setelah intervensi Video modeling dan modul PV-BDG adalah 35,35±22,67 dan -38,67±11,07. Video modeling lebih efektif dalam menurunkan stress pada saat perawatan gigi yang diukur dari perubahan kadar salivary immunoglobulinA

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The research is conducted on children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with aim is to determine the difference of stress level reduction which intervened by video modeling and the module of ”Pedagogi visual berkunjung ke dokter gigi” through analyis of salivary Immunoglobulin A level. This study is a cross-sectional- experimental and laboratory research that carried out salivary collection before and after the intervention to obtain the level of Salivary Immunoglobulin A (SIgA). The subjects are 16 children with ASD aged 6-10 years old who have had diagnosed by pediatrician or psychiatrist, neither have any abnormalities in vision and hearing nor have undergone correction in vision and hearing, so that they can follow simple instructions. They should also have never been visited the dentist before. Subjects are divided into 2 groups, they are the video modeling intervention group and the PV-BDG Module intervention group. Each group consists of 8 children with ASD. The data analysis utilizes Shapiro-Wilk normality test. It is found that SIgA level is increased after PV- BDG video intervention. The average level of SIgA after intervention of video modeling and PV-BDG module are 35.35±22.67 and -38.67±11.07. It is concluded that video modeling method is more effective in reducing stress level in dental care as measured by the changes of salivary Immunoglobulin Alevel."

"Latar Belakang: Aktifitas fisik seperti berlari dapat mempengaruhi sekresi dan komposisi saliva, termasuk protein saliva di dalam rongga mulut, salah satunya protein SMBP. Protein saliva diketahui dapat memfasilitasi pertumbuhan biofilm bakteri. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh protein Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein yang diisolasi dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari terhadap pertumbuhan biofilm P. gingivalis. Metode: Studi eksperimental ini menggunakan teknik sampling purposive. Pemilihan subjek pelari dan nonpelari didasarkan riwayat lari dan pengukuran VO2max. Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein diidentifikasi menggunakan SDS-PAGE. Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein didapatkan melalui interaksi protein saliva pelari dan nonpelari dengan bakteri S. mutans. Uji biofilm pertumbuhan bakteri P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 menggunakan pewarnaan crystal violet. Data yang didapat kemudian dilakukan uji statistik menggunakan uji korelasi. Hasil: Protein SMBP memfasilitasi pertumbuhan biofilm P. gingivalis pada inkubasi 3 jam maupun 24 jam. Kesimpulan: Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein yang diisolasi dari subjek pelari dan nonpelari memfasilitasi perumbuhan biofilm P. gingivalis.

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Background: Physical activity such as running can affect salivary secretion and composition, including salivary proteins in the oral cavity, such as salivary protein SMBP. Salivary proteins are known to inhibit or facilitate the growth of bacterial biofilms. Salivary protein can facilitate or inhibit the growth of bacteria.

Objective: To determine the effect of Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein towards the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm.

Methods: This experimental study used purposive sampling and VO2max test to determine runners and non runners. Protein profile samples were identified using SDS PAGE. S. mutans salivary protein was obtained from binding of salivary protein and S. mutans. Biofilm assay P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 growth towards Streptococcus mutans binding salivary protein salivary protein was conducted using the dye crystal violet assay. The data was statistically analyzed using correlation test.

Results: Salivary protein of Streptococcus facilitate the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm on incubation time 3 and 24 hours.

Conclusion: Salivary protein of Streptococcus mutans collected from runners and non runners facilitate the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm. "

"Latar belakang: Kanker nasofaring menempati urutan ke lima kanker yang paling sering diderita di Indonesia hingga tahun 2020. Terapi pilihan yang menjadi pilihan tata laksana kanker nasofaring adalah terapi radiasi dengan teknik Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) karena dapat mengurangi kejadian xerostomia. Namun sekalipun dengan teknik IMRT cedera pada kelenjar saliva pasca terapi radiasi masih sering terjadi. Penilaian cedera kelenjar saliva pasca radiasi menggunakan klasifikasi Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) di mana penilaian derajat keparahan berdasarkan gejala klinis pasien sehingga MRI yang mempunyai kelebihan dalam menilai jaringan lunak dapat membantu penilaian derajat xerostomia secara objektif dengan melihat perubahan volume dan perubahan intensitas kelenjar parotis.Metode: Dilakukan pengumpulan data dosis radiasi dan derajat xerostomia dari 30 pasien kanker nasofaring yang menjalani terapi radiasi serta dilakukan pengukuran perubahan volume serta rasio intensitas kelenjar parotis terhadap otot temporalis dari data MRI nasofaring pasien sebelum dilakukannya radiasi, 3 bulan sesudah radiasi dan 12 bulan sesudah radiasi.Hasil: Xerostomia derajat 1 memiliki perubahan rasio intensitas sebesar 0.9 pada  3 bulan sesudah radiasi dan sebesar 2.0 pada 12 bulan sesudah radiasi serta perubahan volume sebesar 4.0 ml pada 3 bulan dan 7.9 ml pada 12 bulan sesudah radiasi. Sedangkan xerostomia derajat 2 memiliki perubahan rasio intensitas sebesar 1.0 pada 3 bulan sesudah radiasi dan 2.0 pada 12 bulan sesudah radiasi serta perubahan volume sebesar 7.3 ml pada 3 bulan dan 9.5 ml pada 12 bulan. Hubungan korelasi dosis radiasi dengan  perubahan intensitas 12 bulan memiliki nilai P 0.002 dan nilai R 0.54, sedangkan hubungan dosis radiasi dengan perubahan volume 3 bulan memiliki nilai P sebesar 0.000 serta nilai R 0.9 dan dengan perubahan volume 12 bulan memiliki nilai P sebesar 0.000 dan nilai R 0.9.Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukkan perubahan intensitas kelenjar parotis lebih besar pada bulan ke 12 dibandingkan dengan bulan ke 3 setelah radiasi serta pada xerostomia derajat 2. Semakin besar dosis radiasi maka semakin besar pula perubahan volume kelenjar parotis.

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Background: Nasopharyngeal cancer ranks as the fifth most common cancer in Indonesia until 2020. The treatment of choice for nasopharyngeal cancer is Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) because it can reduce the incidence of xerostomia. However, even with the IMRT technique, injuries to the salivary glands after radiation therapy still occur frequently. Assessment of post-radiation saliva gland injury using classification Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) where the assessment of the degree of severity is based on the patient's clinical symptoms so that MRI which has advantages in assessing soft tissue can help assess the degree of xerostomia objectively by looking at volume changes and parotid gland intensity changes. .

Method: Data were collected on radiation dose and degree of xerostomia from 30 nasopharyngeal cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy and measurements of changes in volume and intensity ratio of the parotid gland to the temporalis muscle were taken from nasopharyngeal MRI data before radiation, 3 months after radiation and 12 months after radiation.

Results: Grade 1 xerostomia had an intensity change of 0.9 at 3 months and 2.0 at 12 months and a volume change of 4.0 ml at 3 months and 7.9 ml at 12 months while grade 2 xerostomia had an intensity change of 1.0 at 3 months and 2.0 at 12 months and a change volume of 7.3 ml at 3 months and 9.5 ml at 12 months. The correlation between radiation dose and intensity change for 12 months has a P value of 0.002 and an R value of 0.54, while the relationship between radiation dose and volume change for 3 months has a P value of 0.000, an R value of 0.9 and a 12 month volume change with a P value of 0.000 and an R value of 0.9l.

Conclusion: This study showed that the change in the intensity of the parotid gland was greater at 12 months than at 3 months after radiation and at grade 2 xersotomia. The greater the radiation dose, the greater the parotid gland volume change."

"Indonesian Journal of Dentistry 2006; Edisi Khusus KPPIKG XIV: 312-315The association between diabetic sialosis and salivary gland function has not been clearly stated. The objective of this study is to assess the association between sialosis and salivary flow rates and xerostomia in type 2 diabetic patients. Eighty one subjects enrolled in this cross-sectional study, consisted of 50 type 2 diabetic outpatients of RSUPN Ciptomangunkusumo (mean of age: 60,96±8,38) and 31 control subjects (mean of age: 57,03±10). Clinical examination was performed to assess sialosis. Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates were measured using spitting method. Saliva secretion was stimulated using 2 % citric acid. Xerostomia was assessed using xerostomia questionnaire. The result showed that sialosis was found only in diabetic group, with a percentage of 28% (14 out of 50). This finding was not found in the well-controlled diabetic group. The mean of unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates of the patients with diabetic sialosis were lower than that of the diabetic patients without sialosis. Statistic analysis showed significant association between sialosis and unstimulated salivary flow rate (p=0,001) and between sialosis and xerostomia (p=0,005), but there was no significant association between sialosis and stimulated salivary flow rate (p=0.105). It is concluded that there are significant associations between sialosis and the decrease of unstimulated salivary flow rate, and between sialosis and xerostomia. Therefore patients with diabetic sialosis should be examined periodically to find out the possibility of salivary gland function disorder. "

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pH saliva buatan terhadap surface gloss resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill. Uji surface gloss menggunakan glossmeter dengan sudut pengukuran 60 . Jumlah spesimen 63 buah terbagi dalam sembilan kelompok perlakuan yaitu perendaman dalam saliva buatan dengan pH 4,5; 5,5; dan 7 dengan waktu perendaman masing-masing 1 jam, 24 jam, dan 72 jam. Hasil analisis One-way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna pada setiap kelompok perlakuan. Disimpulkan bahwa dengan menurunnya pH saliva buatan dapat menurunkan nilai gloss pada permukaan resin komposit Giomer Bulk-Fill.

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This study aims to determine the effect of artificial salivary pH to surface gloss of Giomer Bulk Fill composite resin restorative materials. The surface gloss were tested using glossmeter with measurement angle of 60 . The number of specimens are 63, divided into nine groups with immersion in artificial salivary pH of 4.5, 5.5, and 7 for 1 hour, 24 hours, and 72 hours at 37 C. Statistical analysis using One way ANOVA showed significant difference in each treatment group. This result suggested that the pH value reduction of artificial saliva can reduce the gloss value on the surface of giomer bulk fill composite resin."

"Latar belakang: Mahasiswa kedokteran gigi di Universitas Indonesia seringkali menghadapi stres tinggi akibat beban akademik yang berat, baik di jenjang sarjana maupun profesi. Stres yang berlebihan dapat memengaruhi fungsi fisiologis, termasuk perubahan karakteristik saliva seperti volume, laju alir, pH, dan viskositas. Saliva berperan sebagai biomarker non-invasif untuk mengukur stres melalui perubahan yang dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas sistem saraf simpatik. tetapi penelitian mengenai hubungan tingkat stres dengan perubahan karakteristik saliva pada mahasiswa kedokteran gigi masih terbatas, terutama dalam membandingkan jenjang sarjana dan profesi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat stres terhadap karakteristik saliva pada mahasiswa jenjang sarjana dan profesi FKG UI. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Sebanyak 43 mahasiswa jenjang sarjana dan profesi yang dilibatkan sebagai subjek penelitian. Tingkat stres diukur menggunakan kuesioner DASS-21 dan sampel saliva diambil melalui dua kondisi, yaitu tanpa stimulasi dan terstimulasi. Karakterisitik saliva yang diuji adalah volume, laju alir, pH, dan viskositas. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam menguji perbedaan rata rata yaitu Uji Independent T-Test dan Uji Mann Whitney U, sedangkan pada Uji Korelasi menggunakan Uji Korelasi Pearson dan Spearmen. Hasil: Berdasarkan analisis menggunakan kuesioner DASS-21,secara deskriptif tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada tingkat stres antara mahasiswa sarjana dan profesi. Pada analisis perbedaan rata rata, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada volume, laju alir, dan viskositas saliva tidak terstimulasi, sedangkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada volume, laju alir, pH, dan viskositas saliva terstimulasi pada mahasiswa jenjang sarjana dan profesi. Pada Uji Korelasi mahasiswa jenjang sarjana tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan antara volume, laju alir, pH, dan viskositas saliva terstimulasi, serta pH dan viskositas saliva tidak terstimulasi, akan tetapi pada volume dan laju alir saliva tidak terstimulasi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan. Pada jenjang profesi, tidak memilik hubungan yang signifikan pada volume, laju alir, pH, dan viskositas saliva tidak terstimulasi maupun terstimulasi. Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa pada jenjang profesi cenderung memiliki tingkat stres yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan mahasiswa pada jenjang sarjana. Selain itu, tidak ditemukan hubungan antara tingkat stres dan karakteristik saliva pada mahasiswa jenjang sarjana maupun profesi di Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia.

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Background: Dental students at the University of Indonesia often face high stress due to a heavy academic load, both at the preclinical and clinical students. Excessive stress can affect physiological functions, including changes in salivary characteristics such as volume, flow rate, pH and viscosity. Saliva acts as a non-invasive biomarker to measure stress through changes influenced by sympathetic nervous system activity. However, research on the relationship between stress levels and changes in salivary characteristics in dental students is still limited, especially in comparing preclinical and clinical students. Objective: To determine the relationship of stress level to salivary characteristics in pre-clinic students and clinic student of FKG UI. Methods: To determine the relationship of stress level to salivary characteristics in preclinical and clinical students of FKG UI. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 43 preclinical and clinical students were involved as research subjects. Stress levels were measured using the DASS-21 questionnaire and saliva samples were taken through two conditions, namely without stimulation and stimulation. Salivary characteristics tested were volume, flow rate, pH, and viscosity. Data analysis used in testing the average difference is the Independent T-Test and Mann Whitney U Test, while in the Correlation Test using the Pearson and Spearmen Correlation Test. Results: Based on analysis using the DASS-21 questionnaire, descriptively there was no significant difference in stress levels between preclinical and clinical students. In the mean difference analysis, there were significant differences in the volume, flow rate, and viscosity of unstimulated saliva, while there were no significant differences in the volume, flow rate, pH, and viscosity of stimulated saliva in preclinical and clinical students. In the Correlation Test, preclinical students did not have a significant relationship between volume, flow rate, pH, and viscosity of stimulated saliva, and pH and viscosity of unstimulated saliva, but the volume and flow rate of unstimulated saliva had a significant relationship. At the clinical student, there was no significant relationship in volume, flow rate, pH, and viscosity of unstimulated and stimulated saliva. Conclusion: there is no relationship between stress level and salivary characteristics in preclinical and professional students of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia.

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"Latar belakang: Mahasiswa kedokteran gigi di Universitas Indonesia seringkali menghadapi stres tinggi akibat beban akademik yang berat, baik di jenjang sarjana maupun profesi. Stres yang berlebihan dapat memengaruhi fungsi fisiologis, termasuk perubahan karakteristik saliva seperti volume, laju alir, pH, dan viskositas. Saliva berperan sebagai biomarker non-invasif untuk mengukur stres melalui perubahan yang dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas sistem saraf simpatik. tetapi penelitian mengenai hubungan tingkat stres dengan perubahan karakteristik saliva pada mahasiswa kedokteran gigi masih terbatas, terutama dalam membandingkan jenjang sarjana dan profesi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat stres terhadap karakteristik saliva pada mahasiswa jenjang sarjana dan profesi FKG UI. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Sebanyak 43 mahasiswa jenjang sarjana dan profesi yang dilibatkan sebagai subjek penelitian. Tingkat stres diukur menggunakan kuesioner DASS-21 dan sampel saliva diambil melalui dua kondisi, yaitu tanpa stimulasi dan terstimulasi. Karakterisitik saliva yang diuji adalah volume, laju alir, pH, dan viskositas. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam menguji perbedaan rata rata yaitu Uji Independent T-Test dan Uji Mann Whitney U, sedangkan pada Uji Korelasi menggunakan Uji Korelasi Pearson dan Spearmen. Hasil: Berdasarkan analisis menggunakan kuesioner DASS-21,secara deskriptif tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada tingkat stres antara mahasiswa sarjana dan profesi. Pada analisis perbedaan rata rata, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada volume, laju alir, dan viskositas saliva tidak terstimulasi, sedangkan tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada volume, laju alir, pH, dan viskositas saliva terstimulasi pada mahasiswa jenjang sarjana dan profesi. Pada Uji Korelasi mahasiswa jenjang sarjana tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan antara volume, laju alir, pH, dan viskositas saliva terstimulasi, serta pH dan viskositas saliva tidak terstimulasi, akan tetapi pada volume dan laju alir saliva tidak terstimulasi memiliki hubungan yang signifikan. Pada jenjang profesi, tidak memilik hubungan yang signifikan pada volume, laju alir, pH, dan viskositas saliva tidak terstimulasi maupun terstimulasi. Kesimpulan: Mahasiswa pada jenjang profesi cenderung memiliki tingkat stres yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan mahasiswa pada jenjang sarjana. Selain itu, tidak ditemukan hubungan antara tingkat stres dan karakteristik saliva pada mahasiswa jenjang sarjana maupun profesi di Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Indonesia.

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Background: Dental students at the University of Indonesia often face high stress due to a heavy academic load, both at the preclinical and clinical students. Excessive stress can affect physiological functions, including changes in salivary characteristics such as volume, flow rate, pH and viscosity. Saliva acts as a non-invasive biomarker to measure stress through changes influenced by sympathetic nervous system activity. However, research on the relationship between stress levels and changes in salivary characteristics in dental students is still limited, especially in comparing preclinical and clinical students. Objective: To determine the relationship of stress level to salivary characteristics in pre-clinic students and clinic student of FKG UI. Methods: To determine the relationship of stress level to salivary characteristics in preclinical and clinical students of FKG UI. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. A total of 43 preclinical and clinical students were involved as research subjects. Stress levels were measured using the DASS-21 questionnaire and saliva samples were taken through two conditions, namely without stimulation and stimulation. Salivary characteristics tested were volume, flow rate, pH, and viscosity. Data analysis used in testing the average difference is the Independent T-Test and Mann Whitney U Test, while in the Correlation Test using the Pearson and Spearmen Correlation Test. Results: Based on analysis using the DASS-21 questionnaire, descriptively there was no significant difference in stress levels between preclinical and clinical students. In the mean difference analysis, there were significant differences in the volume, flow rate, and viscosity of unstimulated saliva, while there were no significant differences in the volume, flow rate, pH, and viscosity of stimulated saliva in preclinical and clinical students. In the Correlation Test, preclinical students did not have a significant relationship between volume, flow rate, pH, and viscosity of stimulated saliva, and pH and viscosity of unstimulated saliva, but the volume and flow rate of unstimulated saliva had a significant relationship. At the clinical student, there was no significant relationship in volume, flow rate, pH, and viscosity of unstimulated and stimulated saliva. Conclusion: there is no relationship between stress level and salivary characteristics in preclinical and professional students of the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Indonesia.

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