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"This book focuses on the integration of air conditioning and heating as a form of demand response into modern power system operation and planning. It presents an in-depth study on air conditioner aggregation, and examines various models of air conditioner aggregation and corresponding control methods in detail. Moreover, the book offers a comprehensive and systematic treatment of incorporating flexible heating demand into integrated energy systems, making it particularly well suited for readers who are interested in learning about methods and solutions for demand response in smart grids. It offers a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in the fields of electrical and electronic engineering, control engineering, and computer engineering."

"Konsumsi energi di sektor bangunan merupakan salah satu isu yang penting tentang energi. Di Amerika Serikat, konsumsi energi pada gedung hampir 70% dari total listrik yang dihasilkan. Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning (HVAC) adalah bagian yang mengkonsumsi energi terbesar pada gedung di samping lighting. Pengembangan framework analisis data untuk mendukung manajemen energi di ruang exhibition diusulkan pada penelitian ini. Framework yang disulkan adalah dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif, klasifikasi data menggunakan Classification and Regression Trees (CART), dan metode anomaly detection menggunakan generalized extreme studentized deviate (GESD). Sebuah studi kasus dilakukan di National Taiwan Science Education Center dengan mengumpulkan data konsumsi energi AC dan mengembangkan strategi manajemen aset. Hasil yang ditemukan menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi energi AC sering mengkonsumsi lebih banyak energi tepat sebelum dan sesudah pembukaan dan penutupan dari museum.

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Energy consumption in buildings sector is an important issue about energy. In the US, buildings already consume almost 70% of total electricity generated. Heating, Ventilating & Air Conditioning (HVAC) is the biggest energy consumer in building beside lighting. This study proposed development a data analysis framework to support energy management in exhibition spaces. The proposed experimental framework is using descriptive analysis, data classification using classification and regression trees (CART), and anomaly detection method using generalized extreme studentized deviate (GESD). A case study was conducted in National Taiwan Science Education Center by collecting air conditioning energy consumption and developing asset management strategy. The main finding show that the air conditioning energy consumption sometimes consume more energy just right before and after the opening and closing of the museum."

"AC telah menjadi salah satu kebutuhan mendasar manusia terutama di Indonesia. Penggunaan AC tersebut difokuskan untuk kenyamanan pengguna nya. Dengan meningkatnya jumlah populasi masyarakat Indonesia, terjadi peningkatan pula pada penggunaan energi listrik. AC adalah salah satu alat yang digunakan pada rumah yang sangat konsumtif energi listrik. Permasalahan pemakaian energi yang meningkat ini adalah alasan pemerintah Indonesia mendorong untuk menggunakan teknologi yang efisien energi. Salah satu metode adalah pengujian AC dan pelabelan AC menggunakan energy efficiency ratio dengan menggunakan ruangan psikometrik. Salah satu syarat untuk perhitungan EER adalah temperatur udara yang akan digunakan untuk perhitungan kapasitas pendinginan AC. Alat ukur temperatur udara yang digunakan akan berfungsi untuk mengukur temperatur bola basah dan kering udara masuk serta keluar evaporator yang akan digunakan untuk mendapatkan perbedaan entalpi udara. Diperlukan perhitungan serta pertimbangan saat merancang dan mengkonstruksi alat ukur temperatur udara seperti ukuran fan, ukuran pipa, dan sensor yang digunakan. Selain perhitungan, harus dipastikan bahwa rancangan tersebut sesuai dengan standar yang sudah diterapkan pemerintah atau pun lembaga internasional. Secara keseluruhan, karya tulis ini akan membahas mengenai tahap perancangan serta perhitungan alat ukur temperatur udara untuk pengujian dan pelabelan energi AC.

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Air conditioner has been one of the main necessities for mankind, especially for people living in warm climate countries such as Indonesia. The need for air conditioner itself functions for the comfort of users and also operating functions of certain equipment. Due to global warming, increase in the temperature of the Earth forces greater energy consumption of air conditioner to reach the required room temperature requested by the user. This increase in energy consumption has been the main focus of the Indonesian government in finding solutions to help reduce energy consumption from non-renewable energy power plants while still fulfilling societies demand. One solution is applying energy labelling for air conditioners using Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) as a parameter. In order to calculate the EER of air conditioners, a controlled room environment is needed, thus the reason of creating the Psychrometric Chamber. One of the required data to calculate EER is the temperature of air leaving the evaporator which will take part for the cooling capacity calculation, thus the reason for constructing the Air Sampling. The Air Sampling collects data of dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature of air exiting the evaporator and also the Psychrometric Chamber room. Certain calculations are needed in designing the Air Sampling which involves fan selection, pipe selections, and sensor selections. Besides calculation, the design of the Air Sampling needs to follow standards where applicable. Overall, this paper shows the design process and construction of the Air Sampling in the Psychrometric Chamber to calculate the EER for energy labelling."

"Penggunaan perangkat elektronik pada sektor rumah tangga meningkat setiap tahunnya, serta berbanding lurus dengan laju pertumbuhan penduduk. Penggunaan pengkondisi udara merupakan yang tertinggi dalam memengaruhi konsumsi energy sektor rumah tangga. Pengukuran tingkat energi dalam perangkat AC berdasarkan Energy Efficiency Ratio (EER) merupakan nilai perbandingan antara beban pendinginan dengan kebutuhan listrik yang dibutuhkan. Pada Pengujian AC secara keseluruhan disebut kalorimeter merupakan pengukuran jumlah panas yang diserap untuk menentukan panas spesifik yang akan dikalkulasi menjadi besaran beban pendinginan. Pengujian AC metode entalpi udara, parameter utama yang dianalisa adalah sifat dari udara tersebut. Udara yang berasal dari unit uji akan disalurkan ke alat yang disebut receiving chamber atau psychometric measurement chamber. Pada receiving chamber terdapat air sampler yang berfungsi mengukur entalpi udara berdasarkan sifat udara. Sebelum dilakukan pengukuran entalpi udara untuk menentukan nilai EER dibutuhkan nozzle agar aliran udara saat pengukuran sesuai dengan standar yang dijadikan acuan. Berdasarkan standar acuan, udara ketika melewati nozzle harus memiliki kecepatan udara 15-35 m/s. Standar utama yang digunakan pada desain ini adalah SNI 19-6713-2002, dan SASO 2681 (2007), dan ASHRAE 37 (2005), dan ARI 340/360 (2000) sebagai acuan pendukung. Berdasarkan perancangan yang dilakukan dihasilkan ukuran nozzle sebanyak 4 tipe yaitu throat diameter 10 cm dan 15 cm pada indoor unit, serta pada outdoor unit 16 cm dan 22 cm. Sistem pengukuran menggunakan sensor perbedaan tekanan, dan suhu yang berupa sinyal analog, serta daya memiliki output digital. Agar dapat diolah datanya oleh komputer dibutuhkan DAQ untuk mengubah sinyal analog menjadi digital.

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Electricity utilization in household unit has increased every year and it has a direct proportional with population growth. The most contribution to the power consumption in house hold is spent by the usage of air conditionig. The measurement of energy in air conditioning depends on value of Energy efficiency ratio (EER) which is a comparation between cooling load AC and power electricity value of AC. AC measuring instrument which is called Calorimeter has a purpose to measure the quantity of absorbed or emitted heat or to determine the specific heat which will be converted to cooling load calculation. Those electrical instrument consist of two method, namely air enthalpy and refrigerant measurement. In air enthalpy method, the principal parameter depends on characteristic of air to be analyzed.

Air from measuring instrument will distribute to the equipment called receiving chamber or psychometric measurement chamber. Receiving chamber has an air sampler which has a function to measure air enthalpy which depends on characteristic of air. Before measuring the air enthalpy to determine EER value, it needs a nozzle as a component to reach the standar air velocity when it comes out to the nozzle. Based on the standard, the velocity of air when it discharges through the nozzle is between 15-35 m/s.

The standards usage in these design are SNI 19-6713-2002, and SASO 2681 (2007) as a primary standard, and it has a ASHRAE 37 (2005), and ARI 340/360 (2000) as a support standard. Based on result, there are several size of nozzle in 4 types. For indoor unit measurement has using 10 cm and 15 cm of throat diameter. For outdoor unit has using 16 cm and 22 cm of throat diameter. For measurement system has need temperature, differential, and power sensor. Temperature and differential pressure has output analog sensor, so on those system must use DAQ to convert analog to digital signal.;"

"Provides a complete, state-of-the-art source on automotive heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems.Correlated to NATEF and ASE tasks, the text focuses on the generic theory that underlies the operation, diagnosis, and repair of the units and subassemblies found in the many makes and types of vehicles students will likely encounter on the job."