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"Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis poli(metil metakrilat)/PMMA dengan metode polimerisasi radikal bebas terkontrol yaitu metode Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP). Variasi yang dilakukan yaitu variasi waktu, suhu, katalis, ligan, dan inisiator untuk memperoleh kondisi optimum dengan persen konversi yang tinggi dan distribusi berat molekul sempit atau indeks polidispersitas yang mendekati 1. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh semakin tinggi suhu dan semakin lama waktu maka semakin besar pula persen konversi yang dihasilkan. Dari variasi komposisi yang dilakukan, komposisi optimum sintesis poli(metil metakrilat) yang diperoleh yaitu dengan perbandingan monomer: katalis : ligan : inisiator (100 : 2 : 4 : 1) dan dihasilkan persen konversi sebanyak 64,6%. Terbentuknya poli(metil metakrilat) ditunjukkan dengan karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR yaitu dengan hilangnya puncak C=C pada bilangan gelombang 1636 cm-1. Hasil polimerisasi dengan komposisi optimum dikarakterisasi menggunakan GPC untuk mengetahui distribusi berat molekul dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan DSC untuk mengetahui suhu transisi gelas (Tg). Tg PMMA yang diperoleh yaitu 80,7oC. Indeks polidispersitas PMMA yang diperoleh dari komposisi optimum yaitu 2,6 dengan rata-rata berat-berat molekul (Mw) 9026 g/mol.

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In this research the synthesis of poly methyl methacrylate PMMA has been done by the method of controlled radical polymerization Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ATRP Variations that has been done in this study were variation of time variation of temperature variation of catalyst ligand and initiator concentration to get the optimum condition with the high conversion and the narrow molecular weight distribution or polidispersity index close to one The conclusion resulted from this research is that the higher temperature and time the higher conversion obtained From variations of composition that has be done the optimum composition of synthesis poly methyl methacrylate is obtained when the comparison of monomer catalyst ligand initiator is 100 2 4 1 produced conversion 64 6 The formation of poly methyl methacrylate is shown by the result of characterization with FTIR peak of C C disappeared in wavenumber 1636 cm 1 The result of polymerization with optimum composition charactherized by Gel Permeation Chromatography GPC to know the molecule weight distribution and characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry DSC to know the temperature of glass transition Tg Tg PMMA is known 80 7oC Polidispersity index PMMA with optimum composition in this research is 2 6 with weight average molecular weight Mw is 9026 g mol."

"Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis polistirena melalui polimerisasi radikal terkontrol menggunakan metode Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) serta mempelajari pengaruh variasi waktu reaksi, variasi konsentrasi ligan, katalis, dan inisiator terhadap persen konversi, distribusi berat molekul, dan indeks polidispersitas. Variasi kondisi reaksi dilakukan untuk mendapatkan komposisi optimum sintesis polistirena dengan persen konversi tinggi, distribusi berat molekul sempit, dan indeks polidispersitas kecil (≈1). Polistirena telah berhasil disintesis dengan metode ATRP menggunakan ligan PMDETA, katalis CuBr, inisiator EBiB, dan pelarut sikloheksanon. Parameter keberhasilan dilihat dari persen konversi dan berbagai hasil karakterisasi seperti FTIR, GPC, dan DSC. Komposisi optimum sintesis polistirena yaitu pada konsentrasi ligan 4%, katalis 2%, dan inisiator 4% terhadap 100% mol stirena. Persen konversi polistirena pada komposisi optimum mencapai 91,4% dan diperoleh nilai indeks polidispersitas sebesar 1,17, rata-rata berat molekul 3.526 g/mol, dan suhu transisi gelas 72,42°C.

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This research has been conducted synthesis of polystyrene through controlled radical polymerization by using Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) method and also studied about the influence of variation of time reactions, variation of ligand, catalyst, and initiator concentrations toward conversion percentage, molecular weight distribution, and polydispersity index. The condition of variation reactions has been done to obtain the optimum composition of reaction thus it got polystyrene with higher conversion percentage, a narrow range of molecular weight distribution, and small index of polydispersity (≈1). Polystyrene has been successfully synthesized by ATRP method using PMDETA as ligand, CuBr as catalyst, EBiB as initiator, and cyclohexanone as solvent. The parameter of successful can be seen from the percentage of conversion and various results of characterization such as FTIR, GPC, and DSC. The optimum composition to synthesis of polystyrene where the concentration of ligand is 4%, catalyst is 2%, and initiator is 4% against 100% mol of styrene. The conversion percentage of polystyrene at the optimum composition reached 91.4% and obtained the result of polydispersity index by 1.17, the average molecular weight is 3.526 g/mol, and the glass transition temperature is 72.42°C."

"Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis kopolimer pH-sensitif poli(N-vinil pirolidon)-blok-poli(N-hidroksimetil akrilamida) menggunakan metode atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) dengan memvariasikan komposisi monomer N-hidroksimetil akrilamida untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap sensitivitas kopolimer blok tersebut pada berbagai pH. Untuk melihat gugus fungsi yang terdapat pada kopolimer digunakan FT-IR, sedangkan struktur kopolimer dikarakterisasi menggunakan 1H-NMR. Kemudian, karakterisasi menggunakan particle size analyzer dilakukan untuk melihat sensitivitas dari kopolimer dengan melihat perubahan ukuran partikel kopolimer pada berbagai pH. Dalam penelitian ini, kopolimer poli(N-vinil pirolidon)-blok-poli(N-hidroksimetil akrilamida) mengalami perubahan ukuran partikel pada berbagai pH. Pada pH asam ukuran partikel kopolimer akan lebih besar dibandingkan pada pH basa. Selain itu, semakin banyak komposisi monomer N-hidroksimetil akrilamida maka ukuran partikel akan lebih besar.

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In this reseach, the synthesis of pH-sensitive poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)-block-poly(N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide) was carried out using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) by varying the monomer composition of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide to observe the effect of monomer composition on copolymer sensitivity at various pH. Functional groups in copolymers were characterized using FT-IR, and the structures of copolymers were investigated with ¹H-NMR. In order to observe copolymer sensitivity to pH, characterization using particle size analyzer was performed by studying the changes in particle sizes of copolymers at various pH. In this research, particle sizes of poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)-block-poly(N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide) changes in various pH. At low pH, the particle sizes of copolymers became much bigger than at high pH. Besides that, particle sizes increased along with the increasing monomer composition of N-hydroxymethyl acrylamide."

"Polimerisasi suspensi merupakan salah satu teknik polimerisasi dispersi di mana monomer terdispersi dalam air sebagai fasa kontinyunya. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis kopolimer poli[stirena-ko-(butil akrilat)] dengan teknik polimerisasi suspensi melalui metode Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP). Variasi konsentrasi stabilizer poli(vinil alkohol) (PVA), inisiator etil α-bromoisobutirat (EBIB), dan komposisi monomer dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kondisi optimum. Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada (i) konsentrasi PVA 5% dengan viskositas 1550 mPa.s, (ii) perbandingan massa total monomer dan inisiator EBIB sebesar 211:10 dengan ukuran partikel 1,832 µm serta distribusi ukuran partikel yang monomodal, dan (iii) komposisi monomer stirena dan butil akrilat sebesar 50:50 (wt/wt%) dengan temperatur transisi gelas sebesar 12,45oC. Parameter keberhasilan terjadinya kopolimerisasi dibuktikan oleh karakterisasi FTIR, DSC, dan GPC.

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Suspension Polymerization is one of dispersion polymerization technique which monomers are dispersed in water as continuous phase. In this study, synthesis of copolymers poly[styrene-co-(butyl acrylate)] by using suspension polymerization technique via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) was performed. Concentration of stabilizer poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), initiator ethyl-α-bromoisobutyrate (EBIB), and monomers composition were varied to obtain The optimum conditions. The optimum conditions were obtained at (i) PVA concentration of 5% with viscosity of 1550 mPa.s, (ii) total mass ratio of monomer and initiator EBIB of 211:10 with particle size of 1,832 µm and monomodal particle size distribution, and (iii) composition between monomers styrene and butyl acrylate of 50:50 (wt/wt%) with transition glass temperature of 12,45oC. The success of the copolymerization was evidenced by FTIR, DSC, and GPC characterization."

"Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis polistirena-ko-poli(etil akrilat) dengan metode Atomic Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi stabilisator dan inisiator terhadap solid content dan viskositas, serta mempelajari pengaruh variasi komposisi monomer terhadap temperatur transisi gelas (Tg). Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi stabilisator dan inisiator maka solid content dan viskositas akan semakin tinggi, dan pada variasi komposisi monomer tidak memberikan kecenderungan pada temperatur transisi gelas yang dihasilkan. Terbentuknya polistirena-ko-poli(etil akrilat) ditunjukkan oleh hasil karakterisasi dengan Fourier Transform Infra Red dan Differential Scanning Calorimetry yang terlampir dalam penelitian ini dan memiliki hasil tidak terbentuk homopolimer dari masing-masing monomer.

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In this research, the synthesis of polystyrene-co-poly(ethyl acrylate) by the method of Atomic Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) has been done to study the effect of the concentration of stabilizers and initiators on the solid content and viscosity of them. Then, this experiment also studied the effect of variations of monomers composition on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polystyrene-co-poly(ethyl acrylate). The result showed that the higher concentration of stabilizers and initiators were, the higher the solid content and viscosity of the copolymer was obtained. In addition, the monomers composition did not affect the glass transition temperature of the resulting copolymers. The formation of polystyrene-co-poly(ethyl acrylate) was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra Red and Differential Scanning Calorimetry and the results showed that the formation of two homopolymers did not appeared."

"Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis homopolimer poli(etil akrilat) dengan metode Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu dan suhu reaksi, serta konsentrasi ligan, katalis, inisiator, dan monomer terhadap %konversi, temperatur transisi gelas (Tg), dan distribusi berat molekul. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa semakin tinggi waktu dan suhu reaksi, maka %konversi semakin tinggi. Komposisi variasi yang optimum terhadap %konversi adalah 100:1:0,5:1 (Monomer:Ligan:Katalis:Inisiator) dengan waktu reaksi 6 jam pada suhu 110˚C, mencapai 78%. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi ligan, maka indeks polidispersitas semakin kecil. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi katalis, maka indeks polidispersitas semakin besar. Terbentuknya poli(etil akrilat) ditunjukkan oleh hasil karakterisasi dengan Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) dengan hilangnya puncak C=C, Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) yang memiliki indeks polidispersitas optimum sebesar 2,50 (100:1:0,5:1) dengan berat rata-rata berat molekul (Mw) 7.085, dan Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) dengan munculnya puncak temperatur transisi gelas (Tg) pada suhu -58,15˚C. Dengan demikian poli(etil akrilat) telah berhasil disintesis.

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In this research, the synthesis of homopolymer poly(ethyl acrylate) by the method of Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) has been done to study the effect of the time and temperature of reaction, and concentration of ligands, catalysts, inisiators, and monomers for %conversion, glass transition temperature (Tg), and molecular weight distribution. The result showed that the higher time and temperature of reaction were, the higher of the %conversion. The optimum composition variations of the %conversion is 100:1:0,5:1 (Monomer:Ligand:Catalyst:Initiator) with time of reaction 6 hour at 110˚C reaches 78%. The higher of the ligand concentration, then the smaller of the polydispersity index. The higher of the catalyst concentration, the greater of the polydispersity index. The formation of poly(ethyl acrylate) shown by the results of characterization by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) with the lost of the C=C peak, Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) which has optimum polydipersity index 2,50 (100:1:0,5:1) with weight average molecular weight (Mw) 7.085, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) with the appearance of the peak glass transition temperature (Tg) at -58,15˚C. Therefore, poly(ethyl acrylate) has successfully been synthesized."

"Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan sintesis homopolimer poli(n-butil akrilat) (PnBA) menggunakan metode atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) dengan memvariasikan waktu reaksi, suhu reaksi, konsentrasi katalis CuBr, dan konsentrasi monomer n-butil akrilat (nBA) untuk mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap persen konversi, berat molekul, dan indeks polidispersitas (PDI) dari PnBA yang dihasilkan. Inisiator yang digunakan adalah etil-2-bromoisobutirat (EBiB), sedangkan CuBr digunakan sebagai katalis yang membentuk kompleks dengan ligan 1,1,4,7,7-pentametildietilentriamin (PMDETA). Dari hasil penelitian ini, diperoleh komposisi yang paling optimal untuk membuat PnBA adalah dengan perbandingan monomer (M): katalis (C): ligan (L): inisiator (I) = 100:1:1:1 (%mol), waktu reaksi 6 jam, dan suhu reaksi 110°C, yang mana menghasilkan persen konversi mencapai 97,2%. Untuk membuktikan bahwa produk PnBA telah terbentuk, dilakukan karakterisasi dengan menggunakan instrumen fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), differential scanningcalorimetry (DSC), dan gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Hasil karakterisasi dengan menggunakan FTIR membuktikan bahwa tidak ada lagi ikatan rangkap C=C pada spektrum produk PnBA. Berdasarkan analisis termal menggunakan DSC, diperoleh temperatur transisi gelas (Tg) produk PnBA adalah -64,46°C. Pada hasil karakterisasi dengan menggunakan GPC, diperoleh nilai berat rata-rata berat molekul (Mw) sebesar 14.756 g/mol, jumlah rata-rata berat molekul (Mn) sebesar 2.516 g/mol, dan PDI sebesar 5,86.

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In this research, homopolymer poly(n-butyl acrylate) is synthesized by using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) method with variation of reaction time, reaction temperature, concentration of CuBr catalyst, and concentration of n-butyl acrylate (nBA) monomer for understanding the influence to the result of percent conversion, molecular weight, and polydispersity index (PDI) of PnBA. Initiator that used is ethyl-2-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB), whereas CuBr is used as catalyst that form complex with ligand 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA). From the result of this research, the most optimal composition to make PnBA is with ratio of monomer (M): catalyst (C): ligand (L): initiator (I) = 100:1:1:1 (%mol), 6 hours of reaction time, and at 110°C reaction temperature, which is resulting percent conversion up to 97,2%. To prove that PnBA product is formed, characterization is done by using instruments fourier transform infra-red (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The result of characterization using FTIR proves that the double bond C=C is not exist in PnBA product spectrum. Based on the thermal analysis using DSC, the glass transition temperature of PnBA product is -64,46°C. In the result of characterization using GPC, the weight of molecular weight average (Mw) is 14.756 g/mol, the number of molecular weight average (Mn) is 2.516 g/mol, and PDI is 5,86."

"Pada penelitian ini dilakukan sintesis polimer suspensi poli[stirena-ko-(butil akrilat)] melalui polimerisasi radikal bebas untuk mempelajari pengaruh komposisi monomer stirena dan butil akrilat terhadap temperatur transisi gelas (Tg) kopolimer, serta mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi inisiator benzoil peroksida terhadap solid content, viskositas dan ukuran partikel kopolimer. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa, komposisi monomer mempengaruhi nilai Tg kopolimer, dengan semakin banyak komposisi monomer stirena yang digunakan, semakin tinggi nilai Tg kopolimer yang dihasilkan. Komposisi monomer optimum diperoleh pada saat perbandingan komposisi antara stirena dengan butil akrilat 55:45, dengan Tg yang dihasilkan sebesar 38,18ºC. Konsentrasi inisiator mempengaruhi nilai solid content dan viskositas, akan tetapi tidak mempengaruhi ukuran partikel kopolimer. Konsentrasi inisiator optimum diperoleh pada saat konsentrasi inisiator 1% dari berat monomer total, dengan nilai solid content yang dihasilkan sebesar 39,34% dan viskositas kopolimer sebesar 781,25 centiPoise. Karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR, GPC dan DSC menunjukkan bahwa polimer suspensi poli[stirena-ko-(butil akrilat)] telah berhasil disintesis.

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In this research, suspension polymers of poly[styrene-co-(butyl acrylate)] synthesis was done by using free radical polymerization method to study not only the effects of various monomer composition of styrene and butyl acrylate on the glass transition temperature (Tg), but also to study the effects of various initiator concentration of benzoyl peroxide on the solid content, viscosity and particle size of copolymer. The result showed that monomer composition affected the Tg of copolymers. The more amount of styrene used, the higher value of Tg copolymers produced. Optimum monomer composition was obtained when the composition ratio between styrene and butyl acrylate 55:45, with the value of Tg of 38,18ºC. Initiator concentration affected the value of solid content and viscosity, but didn?t affect the particle size of copolymer. Optimum initiator concentration was obtained when the initiator concentration 1% from the total weight of monomers, with the value of solid content of 39,34% and the viscosity of 781,25 centiPoise. The FTIR, GPC and DSC result showed that suspension polymers of poly[styrene-co-(butyl acrylate)] has been successfully synthesized."

"Hidrogel kitosan-cangkok-poli(N-vinil pirrolidon) telah disintesis melalui teknik polimerisasi radikal bebas. Dalam penelitian ini, monomer N-vinil pirrolidon (NVP) dicangkokkan pada kitosan menggunakan inisiator ammonium persulfat (APS) dan agen pengikat silang N,N’-metilen bisakrilamida (MBA) dalam sistem larutan. Untuk membuktikan bahwa monomer itu telah tercangkok, dilakukan karakterisasi dengan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), dan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) untuk mengetahui bentuk morfologi hidrogel. Pengaruh komposisi monomer NVP, agen pengikat silang, dan waktu polimerisasi terhadap kemampuan swelling telah diamati. Swelling optimum diperoleh sebesar 54,6% pada waktu polimerisasi 3 jam dengan komposisi monomer NVP 0,8 mL dan konsentrasi pengikat silang 2%.

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Hydrogels of chitosan-graft-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) had been synthesized via free radical polymerization technique. In this research, monomer N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) was grafted onto chitosan by using APS as initiator and N,N '-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) as crosslinking agent in the solution system. In order to prove that the monomers were grafted, FTIR spectroscopy, DSC analysis were used, and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to determine the morphology of hydrogels. The influence monomer compositions, concentration of crosslinking agent, and polymerization time on the ability of swelling was observed. The optimum swelling was obtained at 54,6% in the polymerization time of 3 hours with 0.8 mL NVP monomer composition and concentration of crosslinking of 2%."

"ABSTRAKHidrogel poli(N-vinil pirrolidon) terikat silang telah disintesis dengan menggunakan agen pengikat silang etilen glikoldimetakrilat (EGDMA) dan NN?-metilenbisakrilamid (MBAm), inisiator benzoil peroksida dan pelarut etanol melalui teknik polimerisasi radikal bebas. Dilakukan variasi jenis dan konsentrasi agen pengikat silang serta waktu reaksi. Hidrogel yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan FT-IR dan analisa gravimetri. Ditemukan bahwa hidrogel PNVP terikat silang dengan baik jika digunakan MBAm 5% sebagai agen pengikat silang daripada EGDMA dengan waktu reaksi 24 jam. Hidrogel PNVP-MBAm ini memiliki derajat ikat silang yang lebih tinggi daripada PNVP-EGDMA yaitu 28,8% dengan kemampuan menyerap air sekitar 250%. Derajat ikat silang berbanding terbalik dengan kemampuan hidrogel menyerap air atau mengembang (swelling). Semakin lama waktu reaksi, semakin banyak ikatan silang yang terbentuk. Semakin tinggi derajat ikat silang maka semakin rendah kemampuan hidrogel dalam menyerap air.

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ABSTRACTThis article describes about the synthesis of chemically crosslinked hydrogels poly(N-vinyl pirrolidone) (PNVP) by free radical polymerization in solution technique. Ethylene glycoldimethacrylate and NN?-methylenebisacrylamide were used as crosslinker, benzoyl peroxide was used as initiator and ethanol was used as a solvent. Hydrogels were prepared by varying the type and concentration of crosslinker, and also reaction time. Resulted hydrogels were characterized by FT-IR and gravimetry analysis. Crosslinked hydrogels PNVP by using crosslinker MBAm 5% with 24 hours reaction time had the highest degree of crosslinking about 28,8% and 250% for its swelling ratio. The degree of crosslinking inversely proportional with hydrogels ability to absorp water (swelling). The longer reaction time was, the higher degree of crosslink was. The higher degree of crosslink was, the lower swelling ability of the hydrogels was."