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Ewin Abadi
"PT. X berperan untuk distribusi BBM ke Kalimantan dan Sulawesi. Unit ini menjadi salah satu roda perekonomian Indonesia dengan kapasitas 260 MBSD (metric barrels per stream day). Hal ini setara dengan 25% kapasitas intake nasional bahan bakar minyak (BBM) nasional per akhir 2017. Objek penelitian ini ditekankan pada studi di salah satu Kilang minyak terbesar di Indonesia, dengan data tahun 2018 dan 2019. Saat ini Publikasi LCA untuk Emisi di PT. Kilang Balikpapan belum pernah dipublikasi/ditemukan. Kebaruan dalam penelitian ini adalah membuat basis data (database) emisi per produk berharga dari setiap Unit seperti Crude Distillation Unit (CDU), HydroCracking Unit (HCU), Hydro Vacuum Unit (HVU), Naphta Hydrotreating Unit (NHT) dan Platforming Unit di Indonesia dengan memperhatikan dua variabel yaitu Global Warming Potential dan Acidification Potential, selain itu akan dilakukan perbandingan emisi dari tahun 2018 dan 2019 agar dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui kondisi Unit di PT. X dan juga dilakukan perbandingan dari nilai LCIA (Life Cycle Impact Assesment) dan beberapa parameter lingkungan. Dari hasil penelitian ini dUnit CDU-IV mengeluarkan Emisi CO2 yang paling besar pada tahun 2019 sebesar 314.077.190,17 Kg.CO2.eq/Unit dan Unit NHT mengeluarkan Emisi SOx yang paling besar di tahun 2018 dan 2019 sebesar 91.852,48 Kg.SO2.eq/Unit. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa nilai emisi semua unit di PT. X tidak melebihi Nilai Ambang Batas Parameter Lingkungan yang dijadikan acuan penelitian ini.

PT. X plays a role in the distribution of fuel to Kalimantan and Sulawesi. the company is one of the wheels of the Indonesian economy with a capacity of 260 MBSD (metric barrels per stream day). This is equivalent to 25% of the national intake of national fuel oil (BBM) as of the end of 2017. The object of this research focused on the study in one of the largest Oil refinery in Indonesia, with the data in 2018 and 2019. Presently Publications about LCA Emission PT Balikpapan refinery has not been published/found. The novelty in this research is to create a database of emissions per valuable product from each Unit such as the Crude Distillation Unit (CDU), HydroCracking Unit (HCU), Hydro Vacuum Unit (HVU), Naphta Hydrotreating Unit (NHT) and Platforming Unit in Indonesia with two variables: Global Warming Potential and Potential Acidification, and the, in this research will do a comparison of emissions from 2018 and 2019 to find the condition of the Unit at PT. X and also carried out a comparison of the value of the LCIA with some environmental parameters. From the results of this study the CDU-IV Unit issued the largest CO2 emissions in 2019 amounting to 314,077,190.17 Kg.CO2.eq/Unit and the NHT Unit issued the largest SOx Emissions in 2018 and 2019 amounting to 91,852.48 kg. SO2.eq/Unit. The results of this study also indicate that the emission value of all units in PT X does not exceed the Threshold Value of Environmental Parameters used as a reference for this study."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2020
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sepehr Sadighi
"In this research, based on actual data gathered from an industrial scale vacuum gas oil (VGO) hydrocracker and artificial neural network (ANN) method, a model is proposed to simulate yields of products including light gases, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), light naphtha, heavy naphtha, kerosene, diesel and unconverted oil (off-test). The input layer of the ANN model consists of the catalyst, feed and recycle flow rates, and bed temperatures, while the output neurons are yields of those products. The results showed that the AAD% (average absolute deviation) of the developed ANN model for training, testing, and validating data are 0.445%, 1.131% and 0.755%, respectively. Then, by considering all operational constraints, the results confirmed that the decision variables (i.e., recycle rate and bed temperatures) generated by the optimization approach can enhance the gross profit of the hydrocracking process to more than $0.81 million annually, which is significant for the economy of the target refinery."
Depok: Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, 2018
UI-IJTECH 9:1 (2018)
Artikel Jurnal  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Dimas Hokka Pratama Soebekti
"[ABSTRAK
Jakarta adalah kota terbesar di Indonesia. Sebagai kota terbesar di Indonesia, Jakarta
juga memiliki populasi yang sangat besar, yang diimbangi oleh majunya ekonomi
Jakarta. Sebagai imbas populasi dan pertumbuhan ekonomi, permasalahan
pengelolaan limbah padat adalah salah satu permasalahan dasar kota Jakarta.
Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk menganalisis keberlanjutan pengelolaan limbah
padat di Jakarta dengan mengukur ekoefisiensinya, serta menganalisis keberlanjutan
metode hydrocracking sebagai cara pengolahan limbah padat perkotaan, khususnya di
Jakarta. Pada sistem pengelolaan terkini, ditemukan bahwa pengelolaan limbah padat
di Jakarta tidak berlanjut (Ekoefisiensi pada tahun 2013, sebesar 0,52 lebih kecil dari
1). Oleh sebab itu diperlukan intervensi berupa proses hydrocracking (Ekoefisiensi
proses sebesar 1,775) agar pengelolaan limbah padat di Jakarta berlanjut. Skenario
intervensi hydrocracking baru akan berlanjut apabila limbah padat di Jakarta telah
dipilah sebesar 50% dan limbah padat organik diproses melalui hydrocracking
sebesar 30%.

ABSTRACT
Jakarta is the biggest city in Indonesia. As such, it is densely populated, and has a
major economic activity. These two factors contribute towards the current solid waste
management issues in Jakarta. This paper aims to analyze the sustainability of
existing municipal solid waste by measuring its ecoefficiency, and to analyze the
sustainability of hydrocracking method as a means of municipal solid waste
treatment. In the existing condition, We find that Jakarta?s municipal solid waste
management system is not sustainable (In 2013, the ecoefficiency was measured at
0,52 which is less than 1). Therefore, based on this finding we find it to be necessary
to do an intervention. In this paper, the intervention was introduced in the form of
hydrocracking process. As a process we find hydrocracking to be a sustainable
process (ecoefficiency of the process is measured at 1,775). However, the
intervention scenario will only be sustainable, once 50% of the solid waste of sorted,
and if hydrocracking method treats 30% of this fraction;Jakarta is the biggest city in Indonesia. As such, it is densely populated, and has a
major economic activity. These two factors contribute towards the current solid waste
management issues in Jakarta. This paper aims to analyze the sustainability of
existing municipal solid waste by measuring its ecoefficiency, and to analyze the
sustainability of hydrocracking method as a means of municipal solid waste
treatment. In the existing condition, We find that Jakarta?s municipal solid waste
management system is not sustainable (In 2013, the ecoefficiency was measured at
0,52 which is less than 1). Therefore, based on this finding we find it to be necessary
to do an intervention. In this paper, the intervention was introduced in the form of
hydrocracking process. As a process we find hydrocracking to be a sustainable
process (ecoefficiency of the process is measured at 1,775). However, the
intervention scenario will only be sustainable, once 50% of the solid waste of sorted,
and if hydrocracking method treats 30% of this fraction, Jakarta is the biggest city in Indonesia. As such, it is densely populated, and has a
major economic activity. These two factors contribute towards the current solid waste
management issues in Jakarta. This paper aims to analyze the sustainability of
existing municipal solid waste by measuring its ecoefficiency, and to analyze the
sustainability of hydrocracking method as a means of municipal solid waste
treatment. In the existing condition, We find that Jakarta’s municipal solid waste
management system is not sustainable (In 2013, the ecoefficiency was measured at
0,52 which is less than 1). Therefore, based on this finding we find it to be necessary
to do an intervention. In this paper, the intervention was introduced in the form of
hydrocracking process. As a process we find hydrocracking to be a sustainable
process (ecoefficiency of the process is measured at 1,775). However, the
intervention scenario will only be sustainable, once 50% of the solid waste of sorted,
and if hydrocracking method treats 30% of this fraction]"
2015
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Handrianto Wijaya
"Perkembangan bahan bakar terbarukan dari biomassa sangat pesat, dan menjadi alternatif utamauntuk menggantikan bahan bakar yang berasal dari minyak bumi yang jumlahnya terbatas. Salah satu prosesdalam produksi bahah bakar terbarukan ini adalah hydrocracking.
Percobaan ini bertujuan untukmempelajari pengaruh tekanan dan suhu dalam proses hydrocracking dengan metode Analytical SemiEmpirical Model ASEM dalam merepresentasikan yield produk. Model matematis dimodifikasi dandivalidasi dengan menggunakan data-data dari penelitian yang sudah ada.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Analytical Semi Empirical Model ASEM dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi yield produk hasilhydrocracking dengan tingkat ketelitian tinggi. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh parameter statistik R2 yangmemiliki nilai diatas 0.95 dan SSE yang memiliki nilai di bawah 3. Penelitian ini juga menghasilkanpersamaan yang dapat digunakan untuk proses cracking secara umum.

The development of renewable fuels from biomass is very rapid, and becomes the main alternativeto replace petroleum derived fuels that are limited in stock. One of the processes in the production of thisrenewable fuel is hydrocracking.
This experiment aims to study the effect of pressure and temperature inthe hydrocracking process using the Analytical Semi Empirical Model ASEM method in representing theyield of the product. Mathematical model is modified and validated using data from existing research.
The results show that Analytical Semi Empirical Model can be used to predict the yield of product fromhydrocracking, with all of the models show R2 higher than 0.95 and SSE lower than 3. This experimentalso produces an equation that can be used to predict the yield of product from various cracking process ingeneral.
"
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2018
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UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Rizka Thalita Adevia
"ABSTRAK
Reaktor slurry bubble column untuk memproduksi green fuelmelalui hydrocracking minyak nabati dengan katalis Ni-W/SiO2-Al2O3 disimulasikan di dalam penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan model reaktor dan kondisi operasi optimum. Reaktor slurry bubble column dua dimensi aksisimetri dengan diameter 2,68 m dan tinggi 7,14 m dimodelkan dengan mempertimbangkan perpindahan massa dan panas. Fasa gas dan cair mangalir ke atas, menahan, dan mengagitasi partikel katalis berbentuk bola dengan diameter 100 m di dalam reaktor. Reaktor beroperasi pada tekanan 80 bar dan temperatur 420 C. Trigliserida sebanyak 5 w/w di dalam dodekana diumpankan sebagai fasa cair, dan hidrogen sebanyak 105,5 mol hidrogen/trigliserida diumpankan sebagai fasa gas. Kecepatan gas masuk adalah 0,01 m/s. Pemodelan dan simulasi pada penilitian ini juga mempertimbangkan penurunan tekanan dan distribusi konsentrasi katalis di dalam reaktor. Hasil simulasi kasus dasar menunjukkan konversi trigliserida sebesar 99,26, yield produk sebesar 40,68, dan kemurnian produk sebesar 45,55. Beberapa variasi parameter proses dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja reaktor, sehingga kondisi optimum untuk memproduksi green fuel, yaitu diesel, kerosin, dan nafta, didapatkan.

ABSTRACT
A slurry bubble column reactor to produce green fuel through hydrocracking vegetable oil with Ni W SiO2 Al2O3catalyst was simulated in this research with objectives to obtain model of reactor and optimum operation condition. The two dimensional axis symmetric of a slurry bubble column reactor with diameter of 2.68 m and height of 7.14 m was modelled by considering mass and heat transfers. The gas and liquid phases flow upward, suspend, and agitate the spherical catalyst particles of 100 in diameter inside the reactor. The reactor operated under the pressure of 80 bar and the temperature of 420 C. Triglyceride of 5 w w in dodecane is fed as the liquid phase, and hydrogen of 105.5 mol hydrogen triglyceride is fed as the gas phase. The inlet gas velocity is 0.01 m s. Modelling and simulation in this research also considered pressure drop and loading catalyst distribution inside the reactor. Simulation results of base case show that the triglyceride conversion is 99.26, the product yield is 40.68 w w, and the product purity is 45.55 w w. Several variations of process parameters were performed to see the effect on the reactor performance, so optimum conditions for producing green fuel, such as diesel, kerosene, and naphtha, were obtained."
2018
S-Pdf
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Muhammad Nur Tsani Rizka
"ABSTRAK
Perkembangan teknologi sekarang masih sangat bergantung pada bahan bakar fosil
sebagai sumber energi pentingnya. Minyak mentah yang keluar dari perut bumi
memiliki kegunaan yang terbatas sehingga perlu diproses di kilang untuk merubah
minyak mentah menjadi beberapa produk seperti BBM, fuel oil untuk proses
pemanasan, diesel untuk kendaraan berat dan bitumen untuk aspal jalan.Pada tahun
2015, Indonesia mengalami defisit bahan bakar minyak sebesar 562.000 barrel/ hari
sehingga pemerintah harus melakukan impor. Untuk menutupi defisit tersebut
diperlukan upaya luar biasa berupa pembangunan kilang baru atau modifikasi
kilang eksiting. Pemerintah Indonesia bersama dengan UOP dalam proyek
graasroot refinery mencanangkan pembangunan kilang baru dengan feed sebesar
300.000 barrel/ hari dengan umpan dari Irak (basarh lighr crude) dan Arab Saudi
(arabian light crude). Wahid dan Rizka, 2015, telah melakukan disain crude
distillation unit serta sistem pengendaliannya dengan pengendali PI yang
menghasilkan laju produk straight run naphta sebesar 2050 ton/ hari. Pada
penelitian ini akan digagas hasil laju produk straight run naphta sebesar 8129 ton/
hari dengan model dari PT. X. Pengendali MPC akan dipertimbangkan untuk
digunakan mengenai objektif pengendalian kualitas produk dan pengendali PI
digunakan untuk menangani low performance dari pengendali MPC seperti pada
pengendali laju alir produk. Hasil yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah disain
crude distillation dan sistem pengendaliannya dengan pemilihan jenis pengendali
yang tepat untuk menjaga laju alir produk straight run naphta sesuai spesifikasi yang
diinginkan. Pada penelitian ini dihasilkan produk straight run naphta sebesar 21.527
ton/ hari (55,58 %vol umpan) dengan menggunakan model desain CDU tipe prefraksinasi.
Semua pengendali dapat merespon dengan baik terhadap gangguan
kenaikan laju alir umpan hingga 100% lebih.

ABSTRACT
Technology development nowdays still depends on fossil fuel as its main source.
Crude oil from the earth has limited function so that it needs to be proceed on
refinery to get more useful product such as gasoline, fuel oil for heating process,
diesel for heavy vehicle and bitumen for road asphalt. By 2015, Indonesia is
projected on fossil fuel deficit by 562,000 barrel/ day that the Indonesia?s
government need to import it. To cover this deficit, Indonesia requires construction
of a new refinery or modification of the existing one. Indonesia?s government and
X company on grassroot refinery project arrange the construction of a new refinery
with 300,000 barrel/ day production capacity and the feed from iraq (basrah light
crude) and Saudi Arabia (arabian light crude). Wahid and Rizka, 2015, have
executed on the design of crude distillation unit (CDU) with its control system using
PI controller and the result of straight run naphta (SRN) product is 8,129 ton/ day
with the CDU?s model from X company. MPC Controller will be considered on
behalf of product quality control objective and PI controller will handle the low
performance of MPC controller like on product flow control. The expected result
from the research is CDU design and its control system with the right choice of
control method on each controller to preserve SRN product flow rate as same as the
desired spesification. On this research, the SRN product flow rate is 21,527 ton/ day
(55.58%vol of feed) by using CDU design with pre-fractionation type model. The
controllers did respond well on the disturbance rejection test with the increasing of
the feed flow rate up to 100%."
2016
T46299
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Agasta Prio Prasetyo
"ABSTRAK
Saat ini Indonesia masih mengalami defisit BBM sehingga diperlukan pembangunan kilang minyak yang baru. Pada suatu kilang, terdapat unit operasi sekunder berupa VDU vacuum distillation unit untuk mengolah produk residu atmosferik dari CDU crude distillation unit . Dalam rangka menjaga kestabilan operasi diperlukan sistem pengendalian yang tepat dan optimum. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini akan dipilih antara pengendali konvensional prorportional-integral, PI dan pengendali lanjut model predictive control, MPC untuk mengendalikan laju alir umpan, suhu umpan, tekanan top-stage, level kondenser, suhu bottom-stage, dan laju alir LVGO light vacuum gas oil , MVGO medium vacuum gas oil , dan HVGO heavy vacuum gas oil . Pengujian kinerja keduanya dilakukan dengan melakukan perubahan set-point dan gangguan sebesar 10 , 25 , dan 50 yang diukur menggunakan nilai ISE integral square error -nya. Hasilnya, untuk pengendalian laju alir umpan, suhu umpan, tekanan top-stage, suhu bottom-stage, dan laju alir LVGO, MVGO, dan HVGO digunakan MPC karena terjadi perbaikan kinerja sebesar 34 , 75 , 97 , 98 , 22 , 68 dan 80 saat pengujian perubahan set-point dibanding dengan pengendali PI, sedangkan untuk pengendalian level kondenser digunakan pengendali PI karena kinerjanya jauh lebih baik dibandingkan dengan MPC. Untuk pengujian gangguan yang sangat besar 50 dari laju alir umpan , persentase kesalahannya pada suhu umpan, tekanan top-stage, level kondenser, suhu bottom-stage, laju alir LVGO, MVGO, dan HVGO masing-masing sebesar 6 , 5,5 , 6 , 5,5 , 0,3 , 0,7 , dan 1,6 .

ABSTRACT
At this time, Indonesia is still suffering fuel deficit. So that, new oil refinery is needed. In oil refinery, there is secondary process unit, VDU vacuum distillation unit , for processing atmospheric residue from CDU crude distillation unit . In order to maintain the stability of the operation, a proper and optimum control system is required. Therefore, in this study will be selected between conventional controller prorportional integral, PI and advanced controller model predictive control, MPC to control feed flow rate, feed temperature, top stage pressure, condenser level, bottom stage temperature, and the flow rate of LVGO light vacuum gas oil , MVGO medium vacuum gas oil , and HVGO heavy vacuum gas oil . The performance test of MPC and PI which is done by conducting set point and disturbance changes 10 , 25 , and 50 , measured by using ISE integral square error values. As a result, for feed flow control, feed temperature, top stage pressure, bottom stage temperature and flow rate LVGO, MVGO, and HVGO MPC is used due to performance improvements, respectively 34 , 75 , 97 , 98 , 22 , 68 and 80 , in set point changes test compared to PI controllers. While for the level control of condenser, PI control is used because its performance is much better than the MPC. For very large disturbance tests 50 of the feed flow rate , the percentage of error of feed temperature, top stage pressure, condenser level, bottom stage temperature, flow rate LVGO, MVGO and HVGO were 6 5.5 , 6 , 5.5 , 0.3 , 0.7 , and 1.6 respectively."
2017
S68930
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Muhammad Nur Tsani Rizka
"Pada tahun 2015, Indonesia diproyeksikan mengalami defisit bahan bakar minyak sebesar 562.000 barrel/ hari. Untuk menutupi defisit tersebut diperlukan upaya luar biasa berupa pembangunan terminal transit bahan bakar minyak impor atau pembangunan kilang baru dan modifikasi kilang eksisting dengan kapasitas pengolahan sebesar minimal 300.000 barrel/ hari guna menjaga ketahanan energi nasional. Disain kilang yang ada harus dipasang dengan sistem pengendalian untuk menghindari gangguan pada proses yang berdampak pada keefektifan dan kestabilan operasi pabrik. Pada awalnya minyak bumi akan diproses pada bagian Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) untuk mendapatkan produk straight run. Unit ini sangat menentukan rate produk sehingga perlu diterapakan konfigurasi sistem pengendalian yang optimum. Jenis pengendali yang akan diterapkan pada penelitian ini adalah pengendali PI (Proportional - Integral) karena dapat menangani hampir setiap situasi pengendalian proses di dalam skala industri. Telah banyak rancangan kilang dengan model konfigurasi tertentu dan metode pengendali tertentu, misalnya kilang dengan dominasi produk bensin dengan pengendali PID dan kilang dengan dominasi produk kerosene dengan pengendali PI. Pengendalian proses kolom distilasi ini dilakukan dengan mensimulasikan secara dinamik pada perangkat lunak Aspen Hysys v.8. Penyetelan pengendali dilakukan untuk mendapatkan parameter kinerja alat kendali yang optimum yaitu dihitung berdasarkan metode Ziegler - Nichols, Lopez dan fine tunning. Sebagai hasilnya, pada pengendali laju alir diesel dan light naphta, pengendali tekanan pada reboiler, dan pengendali temperatur feed masukan kolom distilasi digunakan penyetelan Lopez. Sedangkan untuk pengendali laju alir AGO (atmospheric gas oil) dan level kondenser digunakan penyetelan fine tuning.

By 2015, Indonesia is projected in deficit of fuel oil by 562.000 barrels/ day. To cover that deficit, Indonesia requires a tremendous efforts such as the construction of a transit terminal which is imported fossil fuels or the construction of new refineries and modification of the existing refinery with a processing capacity of at least 300.000 barrels/ day in order to maintain national energy security. The design of the existing refinery has to be fitted with a control system to avoid interruptions that have an impact on the effectiveness and stability of plant operations. At first, crude oil will be processed at the Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) to obtain straight run products. This unit will determine the rate of product that needs to be applied an optimum configuration of system control. PI controller (Proportional - Integral) will be applied to the system control because it can handle almost any situation in process control in industrial scale. Have many designs refineries with a particular configuration model and specific control methods, such as a refinery with a petrol product dominance with a PID controllers and refineries with kerosene product dominance with a PI controller. The distillation column of process control is done by simulating the plant dynamically in Aspen Hysys v.8 software. Adjustments made to obtain the optimum performance parameters of control device that is calculated based on Ziegler - Nichols, Lopez and fine tunning methods. As a result, the diesel and light naphtha flowrate controllers, reboiler pressure controller, and input feeds temperature of a distillation column controller used Lopez adjustment. As for the AGO (atmospheric gas oil) flowrate controller and the level of conndenser controller used fine tuning adjustment."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2014
S58870
UI - Skripsi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Minaco Rino
"Dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan minyak dalam negeri dan potensi penurunan produksi Crude Duri & Minas sehingga memerlukan alternatif crude lain yang lebih ringan dan sour, maka diperlukan upgrading dan revamping kilang-kilang saat ini di PT XYZ salah satunya dengan peningkatan kapasitas dan fleksibilitas produksi kilang minyak PT XYZ melalui proyek revamping Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) di salah satu kilang PT XYZ. Dengan proyek revamping ini diharapkan adanya peningkatan kapasitas CDU dari 125 MBSD ke 150 MBSD, peningkatan kandungan sulphur mixed crude dari 0,2% Sulphur ke 0,37% Sulphur dan komposisi mixed crude yang lebih ringan dengan estimasi nilai proyek sebesar USD 67.873.382 selama total durasi proyek 20 tahun. Berdasarkan perhitungan nilai keekonomian, proyek ini sangat layak dengan nilai NPV (Net Present Value) sebesar USD 20 juta (positif), IRR (Internal Rate Return) sebesar 15,88%, PBP (Pay Back Period) sebesar 10,92 tahun dan PI (Profitability Index) sebesar 1,34. Berdasarkan keekonomian proyek diatas, IRR proyek revamping CDU di salah satu kilang PT XYZ memenuhi kriteria layak karena berada diatas Hurdle Rate (USD) Corporate RKAP 2020 sebesar 10,52% pada Bidang Kegiatan Kelompok Bisnis Hilir Oil Refining. Aspek K3L (Keselamatan Kesehatan Kerja dan Lingkungan) telah diterapkan dalam praktik keinsinyuran dengan menganalisis bahaya serta mengambil tindakan untuk mengurangi dampak resiko dari bahaya tersebut. Diantara bahaya yang ada yaitu pada aspek Kesehatan, keselamatan, keamanan dan lingkung juga didukung pelaksanaan HSE Plan dalam menjalankan proyek. Penerapan kode etik, etika profesi dan profesionalisme juga telah menerapkan prinsip dasar (Catur Karsa) dan tuntutan sikap & perilaku (Sapta Dharma).

In order to meet domestic oil needs and the potential for a decrease in Crude Duri & Minas production so that it requires other crude alternatives that are lighter and sour, it is necessary to upgrade and revamp PT XYZ's existing refineries, one of which is by increasing the capacity and production flexibility of PT XYZ's oil refineries through Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) revamping project at one of PT XYZ's refineries. With this revamping project, it is expected that there will be an increase in CDU capacity from 125 MBSD to 150 MBSD, an increase in the sulfur content of mixed crude from 0.2% Sulfur to 0.37% Sulfur and a lighter mixed crude composition with an estimated project value of USD 67,873,382 over the the total duration of the project is 20 years. Based on the calculation of the economic value, the project is currently very feasible with an NPV (Net Present Value) of USD 20 million (positive), IRR (Investment Rate Return) of 15.88%, PBP (Pay Back Period) within 10.92 years and PI (Profitability Index) of 1.34. Based on the economics of the above projects, the IRR of the revamping CDU in one of refinery PT XYZ meets the eligibility criteria because it is above the 2020 Corporate RKAP (Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Perusahaan) Hurdle Rate (USD) of 10.52% in the Downstream Oil Refining Business Group Activities Sector. HSE aspects have been applied in engineering practice by analyzing hazards and taking action to reduce the impact of risks from these hazards. Among the existing hazards, namely the aspects of health, safety, security and the environment, are also supported by the implementation of the HSE Plan in carrying out the project. The application of the code of ethics, professional ethics and professionalism has also implemented basic principles (Catur Karsa) and attitude & behavior demands (Sapta Dharma)."
Depok: Fakultas Teknik Universitas Indonesia, 2023
PR-pdf
UI - Tugas Akhir  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Simanjuntak, Agnes
"Tesis ini membahas mengenai analisis aktivitas pengendalian internal di salah satu divisi business unit di suatu perusahaan logistik. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi kasus dengan metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa wawancara dan observasi beserta studi kepustakaan. Struktur organisasi yang bersifat desentralisasi menyebabkan bahwa fungsi aktivitas pengendalian dipegang sepenuhnya oleh masing masing divisi di PT X. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas pengendalian yang dijalankan pada Business Unit IMS masih mengalami kelemahan yang dapat menyebabkan potensi risiko dibeberapa hal. Aktivitas pengendalian pada proses piutang dan proses utang yang menjadi tanggung jawab Business Unit IMS memerlukan perbaikan, sehingga dapat meminimalisir risiko yang dapat merugikan perusahaan.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze internal control activity of a business division unit in a logistic company. This thesis is a study case research which was prepared by the interview method, observation, and literature study. Decentralized organization structure set the control activity function is fully authorized by each division in PT X. The result of this thesis indicates the control activity run in IMS business unit has certain vulnerabilities that could pose several risks. Control activity on account receivable and payable process still needs some improvements to minimize potential risk detrimental to the company."
Depok: Universitas Indonesia, 2016
T-Pdf
UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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