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"Sampai saat ini, etiologi simple bone cyst(SBC) masih belum jelas; terdapat sejumlah teori mengenai terbentuknya SBC. Salah satu teori yang paling populer adalah obstruksi vena yang berakibat pada akumulasi cairan. Cairan-cairan ini diketahui mengandung faktor resorptif tulang, diantaranya adalah interleukin-1b(IL-1b) dan prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Selain itu, parameter rasio limfosit monosit (LMR) saat ini sering dipakai memprediksi prognosis suatu keganasan, namun belum ada data yang berhubungan dengan tumor jinak. Kortikosteroid diketahui memiliki efek inhibitorik pada resorpsi tulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar IL-1bdan PGE2 pada pasien SBC yang dilakukan injeksi steroid serial. Desain studi kohort prospektif dilakukan dengan menganalisis cairan kista pasien SBC yang datang ke RSCM pada bulan Januari 2018 sampai Juli 2019. Dilakukan dekompresi dan injeksi metilprednisolon asetat dosis 80-120mg tergantung dari usia dan berat badan subyek. Interval antar injeksi adalah satu bulan. Cairan dianalisis untuk mengukur kadar IL-1bdan PGE2 dengan menggunakan Quantikine ELISA(R&D System, Minnesota, Amerika Serikat), serta dinilai LMR nya. Kriteria penyembuhan tulang dinilai menggunakan kriteria radiologis Chang. Terdapat 4 subjek dalam penelitian kami, dengan median usia 12 (8-18) tahun. Seluruh subjek berjenis kelamin laki-laki. Dua subjek mengalami SBC pada humerus proksimal, dan dua subjek lainnya mengalami SBC pada femur proksimal. Seluruh kista bersifat aktif. Dua subjek sembuh, satu subjek sembuh dengan defek, dan satu subjek mengalami kista persisten. Didapatkan kadar IL-1bpada 3 subjek berada dibawah 3,9 pg/mlpada serial injeksi dan 1 subjek memiliki kadar 6,7, 13,31, dan 5,42 pg/ml.Sedangkan kadarbaselinePGE2 pada4 subjekadalah411, 122,5, 437,99dan 261,49pg/ml.Nilai LMR pada 4 subjek 6,2, 6,54, 5,4 dan 8,13.Terdapat perubahan kadar PGE2 dalam cairan SBC yang dilakukan pada injeksi steroid serial dengan kecenderungan meningkat paska injeksi yang pertama, lalu menurun paska serial injeksi berikutnya.Kadar interleukin IL-1βberada dibawah 3,9pg/mldalam cairan SBC yang dilakukan injeksi steroid serial.Tidak terdapat hubungan LMR dengan proses penyembuhan dan progresivitas lesi SBC

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To date, the aetiology of simple bone cyst (SBC) remains controversial. Several theories regarding its pathogenesis exist, and one of the most popular ones is venous obstruction which leads to fluid accumulation. This fluid contains bone resorptive factor, such asinterleukin-1b(IL-1b) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Corticosteroid is known to possess an inhibitory effect on bone resorption. The objective of this study is to analyze IL-1bdan PGE2 in patients with SBC who treated with serial steroid injection. This prospective study was conducted by analyzing cyst fluid of patients diagnosed with SBC who went to Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia during the period between January 2018 and July 2019. The subjects underwent decompression, and subsequently they were injected with methylprednisolone acetate. The dose of the steroid varied from 80 to 160 mg according to the subject's age and weight. The interval of each injection was one month. The fluid was analyzed for its IL-1band PGE2 levels by means of Quantikine ELISA (R&D System, Minnesota, United States). Bone healing was evaluated using Chang criteria. A total of 4 subjects (median age: 12 [8-18] years of age) were included in our study. All subjects were male. Two subjects had SBC on the proximal humerus, and the other two had SBC on the proximal femur. All cysts were active. Two subjects healed, one healed with defect, and one had persistent cyst. We found that the IL-1bof3 subjects were below3.9 pg/mlin serial injection, and one subject had IL-1blevels of6.7, 13.31, and5,42 pg/ml.Whereas, the baseline PGE2 levels in four subjects were 411, 122.5, 437.99and261,49pg/ml.TheLMRin four subjects werepada 4 subjek 6.2, 6.54, 5.4 dan 8.13.We found change in PGE2 levels in SBC fluid that was treated with serial steroid injection. We found an increasing trend after the first injection, which was followed by a decreasing trend in the subsequent injection. The IL-1β levels in all timepoint were below3.9pg/ml."

"Pendahuluan: Pergerakan gigi ortodonti akan merangsang terjadinya proses inflamasi sehingga mengeluarkan mediator inflamasi. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) adalah salah satu mediator inflamasi yang dikeluarkan selama pergerakan ortodonti dan berperan dalam resorpsi tulang. Proses inflamasi ini terjadi pada semua pergerakan ortodonti termasuk pada penggunaan sistem self-ligating. Walaupun sistem self-ligating diklaim banyak memiliki keuntungan, termasuk efeknya pada ligamen periodontal, akan tetapi belum ada penelitian secara biomolekular yang membandingkan mediator inflamasi dalam ligamen periodontal. Metode: Duabelas pasien dari klinik ortodonti, FKG-UI, dengan kasus nonekstraksi dan indeks iregularitas pada insisif mandibula sebesar 4-9 mm, mendapatkan perawatan ortodonti dengan sistem self-ligating pasif (Damon Q, Ormco) dan sistem konvensional preskripsi MBT (Agile, 3M). Cairan krevikular gingiva diambil dari sisi labial regio insisif mandibula pada 0 jam (sebagai kontrol), 24 jam, dan 4 minggu. Kadar PGE2 diperiksa menggunakan ELISA. Hasil: Walaupun secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar PGE2 pada pemakaian braket self-ligating dibandingkan dengan konvensional pada 0 jam, 24 jam (p=0,815), dan 4 minggu (p=0,534), namun secara deskriptif kelompok selfligating memiliki kadar PGE2 lebih tinggi dari konvensional secara konsisten pada 0, 24jam, dan 4 minggu. Pada waktu 24 jam, kadar PGE2 meningkat dibandingkan saat 0 jam, pada kedua sistem, dan kadar PGE2 pada kelompok self-ligating pasif (302,55±26,33 pg/ mL) lebih besar daripada kelompok konvensional (264,43±83,08 pg/mL). Pada waktu 4 minggu, kadar PGE2 menurun dibandingkan dengan waktu pengambilan 0 jam dan 24 jam, pada kedua kelompok sistem, dan kadar PGE2 pada kelompok self-ligating (236,17±42,63 pg/mL) lebih besar dari kelompok konvensional (208,267±81,83 pg/mL). Kesimpulan: Penelitian kami menyimpulkan bahwa sistem self-ligating memberikan respon selular yang berbeda dibandingkan sistem konvensional.

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Introduction: Inflammation process, as a result of orthodontic tooth movement, will trigger the release of inflammatory mediator. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one of the inflammatory mediator that is released during the orthodontic movement and plays an important role in bone resorption. These inflammatory process occurred in all orthodontic movement included in orthodontic treatment using self-ligating system. Although self-ligating system?s advantages have been claimed, including the effect of the system in periodontal ligament, there are still no research in biomolecular level comparing the mediator release in periodontal ligament.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine PGE2 concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during initial alignment of anterior mandible, using two different system brackets, passive self-ligating and conventional bracket.

Methods: Twelve patients with mandibular incisor irregularities of 4 to 9 mm and prescribed nonextraction cases, from orthodontic clinic, faculty of dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, were having orthodontic treatment. They were divided into 2 groups, each group were using Damon passive self-ligating system (Damon Q, Ormco), and conventionally ligated bracket with MBT?s prescription (Agile, 3M). GCF were taken from labial site of mandibular incisors at 0 hour (served as control), 24 hours, and 4 weeks. PGE2 level was determined using ELISA kit.

Results: There was no statistically difference in PGE2 level in self-ligating system group compared with conventional group, at 0, 24 hours, and 4 weeks, but from descriptive view self-ligating group had higher PGE2 levels than conventional at 0, 24 hours, and 4 weeks. At 24 hours, mean of PGE2 level was elevated from 0 hour, in both groups, and mean of PGE2 level was higher in self-ligating group (302,55±26,33 pg/ mL) than conventional group (264,43±83,08 pg/mL). At 4 weeks, mean of PGE2 level was decrease from 0, and 24 hours in both groups, and mean of PGE2 level was still higher in self-ligating group (236,17±42,63 pg/mL) than conventional group (208,267±81,83 pg/mL).

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that self-ligating giving difference cellular response than conventional systems during orthodontic tooth movement"

"Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) merupakan penyakit multisistemik yang melibatkan kaskade imunologi, inflamasi, dan koagulasi. Biomarker di sirkulasi yang dapat memberikan informasi mengenai kondisi inflamasi dan status imun dapat digunakan dalam mendiagnosis dan menilai prognosis pasien COVID-19. Parameter hematologi rutin, mudah dilakukan, biaya terjangkau dan cepat, sehingga diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi awal sistem imun pasien yang dapat dihubungkan dengan outcome penyakit. Nilai RNL, RML dan RTL dapat mendeteksi dini kecurigaan perburukan kondisi pasien COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain nested case-control yang melibatkan 206 data subjek yang terdiri atas 141 subjek luaran baik dan 65 subjek luaran buruk. Dijumpai perbedaan bermakna nilai RNL, RML dan RTL antara kelompok luaran baik dan buruk. Nilai titik potong optimal RNL, RML dan RTL berturut-turut adalah ≥5,43; ≥0,46 dan ≥196,34 untuk mendiskriminasi luaran buruk. Area Under Curve (AUC) untuk RNL adalah 0,825 (0,766-0,884), sensitivitas 76,9%, spesifisitas 73,8%; AUC RML 0,763 (0,692-0,833), sensitivitas 73,8%, spesifisitas 68,1% dan AUC RTL 0,617 (0,528-0,705), sensitivitas 63,1%, spesifisitas 60,3%. Usia >30 tahun (OR=2,59; IK95% 1,34-5,02), adanya komorbid (OR=2,21; IK95% 1,28-3,81), RNL ≥5,43 (OR=4,60; IK95% 2,07-10,26) dan RML ≥0,46 (OR=2,09; IK95% 0,93-4,67) berhubungan dengan luaran buruk pasien COVID-19.

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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystemic disease involving immunologic, inflammatory, and coagulation cascades. Biomarkers in circulation which can provide information on inflammatory conditions and immune status can be used in diagnosing and assessing the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Hematology parameters are routinely performed, easy, affordable and fast, so it can provide preliminary information on the patient's immune system that linked to disease outcomes. NLR, MLR and TLR values can detect early suspicion of worsening conditions of COVID-19 patients. This study used a nested case-control design involving 206 subjects data consisting of 141 subjects with good outcomes and 65 subjects poor outcomes. A significant difference was found in the values of NLR, MLR and TLR between the two groups. The optimal cut-off point values of NLR, MLR and TLR were ≥5.43; ≥0.46 and ≥196.34, respectively, to discriminate against poor outcomes. The Area Under Curve (AUC) for NLR was 0.825 (0.66-0.884), sensitivity 76.9%, specificity 73.8%; MLR was 0.763 (0.692-0.833), sensitivity 73.8%, specificity 68.1% and TLR was 0.617 (0.528-0.705), sensitivity 63.1%, specificity 60.3%. Age >30 years (OR=2.59; 95% CI 1.34-5.02), presence of comorbidities (OR=2.21; 95% CI 1.28-3.81), NLR ≥5.43 (OR=4.60; 95% CI 2.07-10.26) and MLR ≥0.46 (OR=2.09; 95% CI 0.93-4.67) were associated with poor outcomes of COVID-19 patients."

"ABSTRAKLimfosit darah tepi dari 5 penderita Juvenile Periodontitis /JP, 27 penderita Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis /RPP, dan 10 individu dengan jaringan periodonsium sehat diteliti menggunakan antibodi monoklonal dan flow sitometri dengan fluoresensi. Jumlah relatif dari set CD3+ (I'), CD4+ (T helper Th), CD8+ (F suppressor /Ts atau T cytotoxic /Tc), CD19+ (B), dan set CDI6+CD56+ (Natural Killer /NK) diukur, serta rasio CD4+/CD8+ (Th/Ts) dikalkulasi. Pada penderita JP ditemukan % proporsi set T (62.4 ± 6.1887 vs 69.8 ± 5.6332) dan set NK (21.4 ± 7.37 vs 12.9 ± 6.94) secara statistik berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Pada kelompok RPP % proporsi set T (61.7407 ± 9.3504 vs 69.8 ± 5.6332), sel Th (31.04 ± 7.30 vs 37.7 ± 4.92) dan NK (2030 ± 8.85 vs 12.9 ± 6.94) juga berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kontrolnya. Tetapi rasio Th/Ts kedua kelompok periodontitis tersebut tidak berbeda bermakna. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa gangguan imunoregulasi dan fungsi subpopulasi limfosit penderita orang Indonesia Yang secara klinis terlihat lokal sebagai lesi JP atau RPP dapat dideteksi secara sistemik melalui darah tepinya. Selain itu karakteristik imunobiologik penyakit JP dan RPP bila diperbandingkan terhadap kelompok sehat berbeda pada proporsi sel Th-nya.

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ABSTRACTPeripheral blood lymphocytes from 5 Juvenile Periodontitis /JP, 27 Rapidly Progressive Periodontitis /RPP patients and 10 healthy subjects were examined using a panel of monoclonal antibodies and fluorescence flow cytometry. The relative counts of CD3+ (T) cells, CD4+(T helper /Th) cells, CD8+ (T suppressor /Ts or T cytotoxic /Tc) cells, CDI9+ (B) cells, and CD16+CD56+ (Natural Killer /NK) were assessed, and the CD4+lCD8+ (Th / Ts) ratio was calculated. In the JP patients the % proportion of T cells (62.4 ± 6.1887 vs 69.8 ± 5.6332) and NK cells (21.4 ± 7.37 vs 12.9 ± 6.94) were statistically significant difference to the control group. In the RPP patients the % proportion of CD3+ cells (61.7407 ± 9.3504 vs 69.8 ± 5.6332), CD4+ cells (31.04 ± 7.30 vs 37.7 ± 4,92) and NK cells (20.7 ± 8.85 vs 12.9 ± 6.94) were also statistically significant difference to the control group. But the CD4+/CD8+ (Th/Ts) ratio was not statistically significant in both groups. These results indicate that defect of immunoregulation and subpopulation lymphocyte function of Inclonisian patients which is clinically local as JP or RPP lesions. could detected systemically in their peripheral blood. Beside that, immunobiological characteristics between JP Arid RPP diseases compared to its control group have differed in Th cells subpopulation proportion."

"ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Simple bone cyst (SBC) adalah tumor tulang jinak, berisi cairan.Tujuan utama terapi SBC adalah mendapatkan penyembuhan tulang, mencegahfraktur patologis, dan manajemen gejala khususnya nyeri. Terdapat berbagaimetode pengobatan SBC, namun saat ini masih kontroversial karena angkakesembuhan dan tingkat invasi operasi. Terapi injeksi perkutaneus steroidmerupakan metode operasi dengan tingkat invasi rendah sehingga penyembuhantulang dan luaran fungsional lebih baik. Metode: Total terdapat 10 pasien (6 laki-laki, 4 perempuan, rerata usia13 tahun)SBC yang terbagi dalam dua kelompok. 5 pasien (proksimal femur 3; proksimalhumerus 1; calcaneus 1) dilakukan terapi injeksi perkutaneus steroid dan 5 pasien(proksimal femur 2; proksimal humerus 2, radius 1) terapi kurease denganhidroksiapatit. Injeksi perkutaneus steroid dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali denganinterval waktu tiap satu bulan. Rerata follow up adalah 12-26 bulan. Evaluasipenyembuhan tulang dinilai secara radiologi dengan kriteria Chang dkk. Luaranfungsional dinilai berdasarkan skor MSTS.Hasil: Penyembuhan tulang komplit didapatkan pada kedua kelompok, namunsolid union lebih cepat terjadi pada kelompok terapi injeksi perkutaneus steroid. Luaran fungsional didapatkan nilai yang lebih baik pada kelompok injeksiperkutaneus steroid terutama pada bulan ke-3 (55%) dan ke-6 (84%) pasca operasiberdasarkan skor MSTS dibandingkan terapi kuretase dengan hidroksiapatit(bulan ke-3 47% dan ke-6 69,3%). Simpulan: Terapi injeksi perkutaneus steroid masih tetap menjadi pilihan utamametode terapi SBC dengan solid union lebih cepat, tingkat prosedur operasi invasi rendah, lebih mudah, efektif, dan aman.ABSTRACT Background: Simple bone cysts (SBC) are a benign bone tumor, fluid-filled. The maingoals of the therapy are to get the bone healing, prevent pathological fractures, andmanagement of pain symptom. There are various methods of the SBC treatment, howeverstill remains controversial because of their healing rate and invasiveness of surgery.Steroid injection therapy is a surgical procedure with a low level of invasiveness so thatbetter bone healing and functional outcomes.Methods: A total of 10 patients (6 males, 4 females, mean age 13 year) SBC were dividedinto two groups. 5 patients (proximal femur 3; proximal humerus 1; calcaneus 1)performed percutaneous steroid injection therapy and 5 patients (proximal femur 2; 2proximal humerus, radius 1) performed curretage with hydroxyapatite therapy.Percutaneous steroid injection was performed three times at intervals of each month. Themean follow-up of 12-26 months. Evaluation of bone healing radiological asseesed byChang criteria and the functional outcome by MSTS score.Results: Complete bone healing was found in both group, but solid union occurred fasterin steroid injection theraphy group. The functional outcomes found better value in thesteroid injection theraphy group, particulary at 3 months (55%) and 6 months (84%) thancurettage with hydroxyapatite therapy(3 months 47% and 6 months 69,3%) postoperation based on MSTS score.Conclusions: Percutaneus steroid injection therapy is still the main choice of SBCtreatment with faster solid union, a lower level operating procedures invasion, easy, effective, and safe.;Background: Simple bone cysts (SBC) are a benign bone tumor, fluid-filled. The maingoals of the therapy are to get the bone healing, prevent pathological fractures, andmanagement of pain symptom. There are various methods of the SBC treatment, howeverstill remains controversial because of their healing rate and invasiveness of surgery.Steroid injection therapy is a surgical procedure with a low level of invasiveness so thatbetter bone healing and functional outcomes.Methods: A total of 10 patients (6 males, 4 females, mean age 13 year) SBC were dividedinto two groups. 5 patients (proximal femur 3; proximal humerus 1; calcaneus 1)performed percutaneous steroid injection therapy and 5 patients (proximal femur 2; 2proximal humerus, radius 1) performed curretage with hydroxyapatite therapy.Percutaneous steroid injection was performed three times at intervals of each month. Themean follow-up of 12-26 months. Evaluation of bone healing radiological asseesed byChang criteria and the functional outcome by MSTS score.Results: Complete bone healing was found in both group, but solid union occurred fasterin steroid injection theraphy group. The functional outcomes found better value in thesteroid injection theraphy group, particulary at 3 months (55%) and 6 months (84%) thancurettage with hydroxyapatite therapy(3 months 47% and 6 months 69,3%) postoperation based on MSTS score.Conclusions: Percutaneus steroid injection therapy is still the main choice of SBCtreatment with faster solid union, a lower level operating procedures invasion, easy, effective, and safe.;Background: Simple bone cysts (SBC) are a benign bone tumor, fluid-filled. The maingoals of the therapy are to get the bone healing, prevent pathological fractures, andmanagement of pain symptom. There are various methods of the SBC treatment, howeverstill remains controversial because of their healing rate and invasiveness of surgery.Steroid injection therapy is a surgical procedure with a low level of invasiveness so thatbetter bone healing and functional outcomes.Methods: A total of 10 patients (6 males, 4 females, mean age 13 year) SBC were dividedinto two groups. 5 patients (proximal femur 3; proximal humerus 1; calcaneus 1)performed percutaneous steroid injection therapy and 5 patients (proximal femur 2; 2proximal humerus, radius 1) performed curretage with hydroxyapatite therapy.Percutaneous steroid injection was performed three times at intervals of each month. Themean follow-up of 12-26 months. Evaluation of bone healing radiological asseesed byChang criteria and the functional outcome by MSTS score.Results: Complete bone healing was found in both group, but solid union occurred fasterin steroid injection theraphy group. The functional outcomes found better value in thesteroid injection theraphy group, particulary at 3 months (55%) and 6 months (84%) thancurettage with hydroxyapatite therapy(3 months 47% and 6 months 69,3%) postoperation based on MSTS score.Conclusions: Percutaneus steroid injection therapy is still the main choice of SBCtreatment with faster solid union, a lower level operating procedures invasion, easy, effective, and safe."

"Ruang lingkup dan cara penelitian: Metilprednisolon (MPL) merupakan glukokortikoid yang berperan penting dalam respon imun spesifik yaitu efek supresi terhadap sel limfosit T, sehingga digunakan untuk mencegah rejeksi pada pasta transplantasi organ. Untuk pencegahan tersebut diperlukan metilprednisolon dosis tinggi untuk jangka pemberian cukup lama yang dapat menyebabkan efek samping obat yang berat yaitu efek imimosupresi yang kuat. Obat yang diinkorporasikan ke dalam liposom terbukti dapat memberikan efek yang lebih kuat dibandingkan obat babas tetapi MPL tidak terinkorporasi dengan baik dalam liposom sehingga disintesis MPLP. Metilprednisolon palmitat (MPLP) adalah senyawa yang berhasil diinkorporasikan ke dalam liposom membentuk liposom metilprednisolon palmitat (LMPLP). Metilprednisolon palmitat diharapkan dapat menurunkan efek samping yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek supresi liposom metilprednisolon palmitat terhadap proliferasi limfosit T subpopulasi CD4+ dan CDS+ yang distimulasi oleh concavalin A. Limfosit dipisahkan dari darah perifer manusia, kemudian dikultur dengan pemberian LMPLP pada konsentrasi 0,4 mM, 0,1 mM dan 0,025 mM dibandingkan MPL pada konsentrasi yang sama. Jumlah limfosit hasil kultur dihitung menggunakan kannar hitung improved Neubauer yang diwarnai dengan trypan blue 0,25 %. Selanjutnya limfosit T subpopulasi CD4+ dan CDS+ dihitung menggunakan antibodi monokional yang dilabel dengan zat warna fluorescein isothiocyanate dan phycoerythrin memakai low-cytometer.Hasil dan kesimpulan: Hasil kultur limfosit in vitro, pemberian LMPLP maupun MPL menyebabkan penurunan jumlah limfosit yang bermakna dibandingkan liposom atau kontrol RPMI, sedangkan pemberian LMPLP menunjukkan kecenderungan memberikan efek supresi terhadap proliferasi limfosit T yang lebih besar dibandingkan MPL walaupun secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05). Pemberian LMPLP maupun MPL pada konsentrasi 0,4 mM, 0,1 mM dan 0,025 mM tidak menunjukkan penurunan jumlah sel limfosit T subpopulasi CD4- maupun CD8+ yang berbeda bermakna (p > 0,05). Liposom metilprednisolon palmitat lebih menekan proliferasi sel CD84 dibandingkan CD4. Sedangkan lerhadap rasio jumlah sel limfosit T subpopulasi CD4+/CD8+ diperoleh dosis optimal pada pemberian LMPLP konsentrasi 0,1 mM.

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Scope and methods: Methylprednisolone is a glucocorticoid which is very important in specific immune response, especially in suppression effect to T lymphocyte and it has been used to prevent the rejection of organ transplantation. For that purpose, a high dose of methyprednisolone was used and in long term therapy may have a side effect such strong immunosuppression. Drugs incorporating in liposome give more strong effect that free drugs, but methyprednisolone not good incorporating in liposome. So methylprednisolone palmitate (MPLP) was sinthetized for that purpose. Methylprednisolone palmitate was successfully incorporate in liposome as a liposome methylprednisolone palmitate (L-MPLP). Liposome methylprednisolone palmitate was expected has minimum side effect. The aim of this study is to explore to know the suppression effect of L-MPLP to the subpopulation of CD4+ and CDs+ T lymphocyte proliferation which have been stimulated by concanavalin A. Lymphocyte was isolated from human peripheral blood and cultured in L-MPLP and MPL at the dose of 0,4 mM, 0,1 mM and 0,025 mM. The number of lymphocyte was counted by improved Neubauer and stained with 0,5% tryphan blue. CD4+ and CDs subpopulation of lymphocyte was counted by monoclonal antibody labelled by fluorescein isothiocyanate and phycoerythrin using flow-cytometer.Result and summary: Lymphocyte culture in vitro after administration of L-MPLP or MPL decreased number of lymphocyte significantly compared to liposome or RPMI as control. Although the administration of MPLP showed tendency of the reduction of the presentation of more than MPL but statistically not significance (p > 0,05). The administration of L-MPLP or MPL at the dose of 0,4 mM, 0,1 mM and 0,025 mM not showed a significance decreased of CD4+ and CDs+ subpopulation of T lymphocyte. The has administration of L-MPLP or MPL was not changing CD4+ and CDs+ subpopulation T lymphocyte. Liposome methylprednisolone palmitate could be suppressed the proliferation of CDC more than CD4+ subpopulation T lymphocyte. The optimal dose of L-MPLP to decrease the ratio CD4+ and CDs+ subpopulation T lymphocyte was 0,1 mM."

"Diabetes melitus merupakan suatu kelompok penyakit metabolik dengan karakteristik hiperglikemia. Kondisi hiperglikemia dapat menyebabkan terjadinya berbagai komplikasi pada diabetes melitus, salah satunya adalah nefropati diabetik. Pendeteksian nefropati diabetik dapat dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai eLFG maupun UACR. Di sisi lain, senyawa 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2? yang merupakan salah satu biomarker stres oksidatif sedang diteliti sebagai penanda awal gangguan fungsi ginjal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2? dengan bertambahnya durasi DM tipe 2 dan korelasinya dengan nilai eLFG. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok pasien DM tipe 2 n = 48 dan kelompok subjek non DM n = 13 di Puskesmas Kecamatan Pasar Minggu. Kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2? diukur dengan menggunakan ELISA dan nilai eLFG dihitung menggunakan persamaan CKD-EPI. Hasil uji beda rerata menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2? p = 0,010 tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan nilai eLFG p = 0,610 pada pasien DM tipe 2 tahun 2016-2017. Hubungan antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2? dengan eLFG berdasarkan persamaan CKD-EPI pada sampel DM tipe 2 r = 0,293; p = 0,043 . Sehingga diketahui bahwa terdapat hubungan positif bermakna antara kadar 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2? dengan nilai eLFG pada pasien DM tipe 2 tahun 2016-2017.

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Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases with characteristics of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia can lead to various complications in diabetes mellitus, one of them is diabetic nephropathy. Detection of diabetic nephropathy can be done by calculating both eLFG and UACR values. On the other hand, the 8 iso Prostaglandin F2 compound which is one of the oxidative stress biomarkers is being investigated as an early marker of impaired renal function.

The objective of this study was to analyze the level of 8 iso Prostaglandin F2 with increasing duration on T2DM patients and its correlation with eGFR. Samples were divided into two groups, which was T2DM patients n 48 and non DM subjects n 13 at Pasar Minggu Community Health Center. 8 iso Prostaglandin F2 concentrations were measured using ELISA and eGFR were calculated using CKD EPI equation.

The result of mean different test showed there was difference of 8 iso Prostaglandin F2 concentration p 0,010 but there was no difference of eGFR value p 0,610 on T2DM patients in 2016 2017. The correlation between 8 iso Prostaglandin F2 and eGFR in T2DM samples r 0,293 p 0,043 . The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between 8 iso Prostaglandin F2 concentration and eGFR CKD EPI equation on T2DM patients in 2016 2017."

"ABSTRAKUntuk menciptakan penutupan sistem saluran akar yang adekuat diperlukan bahan siler yang berfungsi untuk mengisi celah diantara gutaperca dan dinding saluran akar.Pada pengisian saluran akar sering ditemukan kondisi siler yang keluar dari foramen sehingga berkontak dengan jaringan periapeks dalam waktu yang berkepanjangan.Untuk itu, salah satu persyaratan dari bahan siler saluran akar adalah harus bersifat biokompatibel terhadap jaringan periradikular.Genotoksisitas adalah salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi biokompatibilitas bahan. Siler saluran akar yang digunakan saat ini merupakan bahan kimia yang dapat mengakibatkan kerusakan pada DNA apabila terpapar dalam waktu yang lama.Terdapat berbagai macam bahan siler seperti siler berbasis Resin, Silikon, atau Bioceramik yang masing-masing memiliki kandungan zat yang berpotensi genotoksik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan potensi genotoksisitas pada siler berbasis Resin, Silikon, dan Bioceramik terhadap DNA sel limfosit manusia dengan menggunakan uji genotoksisitas ?-H2AX selama 1, 3 dan 7 hari. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwasiler berbasis Resin, Silikon, dan Bioceramik memiliki potensi genotoksik terhadap DNA sel limfosit manusia dengan nilai tertinggi terdapat pada siler berbasis resin, selanjutnya diikuti oleh siler berbasis Silikon dan Bioceramik.

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ABSTRACTTo create an adequate sealing on root canal system, it is requires a sealer that fill the gap between gutta percha and root canal wall. In root canal obturation, it is frequently found that sealer leak to foramen and in contact with periapex tissue in a prolonged time. For that reason, one property that requirement of root canal sealer material is biocompatible to periradicular tissue. Genotoxicity is one of the important factors that affecting the biocompatibility of the material. Root canal sealer used today are chemicals that can cause DNA damage when exposed for long periods of time. There are a wide range of sealers such as Resin based sealer, Silicone based, or Biaceramic based that each have a potentially genotoxic substance. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the potential genotoxicity of Resin based Silicone based, and Bioceramic based sealers against human DNA lymphocytes using H2AX assay for 1, 3, and 7 days. Based on the results, it is known that Resin based, Silicone based, and Bioceramic based sealers have genotoxic potential against human DNA lymphocytes with the highest value found in Resin based, followed by Silicone based and Bioceramic based sealers."

"Latar belakang. Salah satu penentu manifestasi klinis dengue berat adalah kebocoran plasma. Limfosit dan monosit berperan dalam patogenesis kebocoran plasma infeksi dengue sehingga berpotensi sebagai prediktor kebocoran plasma. Tujuan. Menentukan kemampuan hitung jenis limfosit dan monosit demam hari kedua sebagai prediktor kebocoran plasma pada fase kritis infeksi dengue. Metode. Desain kohort retrospektif pasien rawat inap di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo, RSUP Persahabatan dan RSPAD Gatot Soebroto dari tahun 2010 ̶ 2015, memenuhi kriteria inklusi: berusia > 15 tahun; didiagnosis dengue menurut WHO 1997; dikonfirmasi pemeriksaan NS-1/pemeriksaan serologis anti dengue; memiliki data darah perifer lengkap dan hitung jenis mulai demam hari ke-2; USG abdomen, dan/atau albumin pada fase kritis. Dilakukan analisis Reciever Operating Characteristic Curves (ROC curve) dengan interval kepercayaan (IK) 95% dan multivariat regresi logistik untuk memperoleh model prognostik. Hasil. Terdapat 63 subjek dianalisis. Insidens kebocoran plasma 49%. Nilai absolut limfosit dan nilai absolut monosit demam hari ke-2 berpotensi menjadi prediktor kebocoran plasma pada fase kritis dengan AUC 0,65 dan 0,64. Titik potong optimal nilai absolut limfosit dan nilai absolut monosit yang berpotensi sebagai prediktor kebocoran plasma sebesar 1323 dan 770. Nilai absolut limfosit memiliki sensitivitas 90%, spesifisitas 16%. Nilai absolut monosit memiliki sensitivitas 94%, spesifisitas 34%. Model prognostik nilai absolut monosit dan persentase limfosit meningkatkan AUC menjadi 0,723. Simpulan. Kemampuan prediksi kebocoran plasma nilai absolut limfosit dan nilai absolut monosit demam hari kedua lemah. Namun kemampuan tersebut ditingkatkan menjadi sedang oleh model prognostik yang melibatkan persentase limfosit dan nilai absolut monosit.

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Background. The severity of dengue infection was determined by plasma leakage. Lymphocytes and monocytes played an important role in the pathogenesis of plasma leakage in dengue infection so they potentially used as predictors for plasma leakage in a critical phase of dengue infection.

Aim. Determined the percentage and absolute number of lymphocytes and monocytes measured on the second day of fever as a predictors for plasma leakage in a critical phase of dengue infection.

Method. The research was retrospective cohort study of inpatients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Persahabatan General Hospital and Gatot Subroto Military Hospital Jakarta from 2010 ̶ 2015. The inclusion criteria: age > 15 years, suffering from dengue infection according to the diagnostic criteria of WHO in 1997, confirmed by examination of NS-1 or serological anti-dengue, peripheral blood count and differential leucocyte count during treatment from second day of fever, abdominal ultrasound, and / or albumin in the critical phase. Analyses were performed using ROC curve. Multivariate analysis was performed to elicit prognostic models.

Results. We determined 63 subjects. The incidence of plasma leakage was 49%. Absolute number of lymphocytes and monocytes on second day of fever were potentially useful as predictors for plasma leakage. The AUC was 0.65 and 0.644. The optimal cut-off point for absolute number of lymphocytes were 1323, the sensitivity was 90% and the specificity 16%. The cut-off for absolute number of monocytes was 770, the sensitivity was 94%, specificity 34%. We found optimal prognostic model which include percentage of lymphocytes and absolute number of monocytes. It could increase the AUC until 0,723.

Conclusion. The absolute number of lymphocytes and monocytes on second day of fever in dengue infections were potentially useful as predictors for plasma leakage in a critical phase of dengue infection. Predictive capability could be increased by prognostic model which include percentage of lymphocytes and absolute number of monocytes as predictors."

"Latar belakang: Beberapa studi telah melaporkan bahwa banyak pasien stroke berat mengalami sepsis selama fase akut, hal ini berpengaruh pada luaran yang buruk. Pada stroke, terjadi pergeseran dari predominasi limfosit Th1 yang memiliki karakter proinflamasi menjadi predominasi limfosit Th2 yang dapat mengaktifasi respon antiinflamasi yang dapat berakibat pada menurunnya respon imun terhadap invasi patogen.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai apakah rasio netrofil terhdap limfosit (RNTL) dapat memprediksi berkembangnya kejadian sepsis pada pasien stroke akut.Metode: melakukan penilaian pada pasien stroke akut yang dirawat di Unit Perawatan Intensif (UPI) RSUP Fatmawati sejak September 2019 sampai Mei 2020.Hasil: Rata–rata RNTL pada pasien stroke akut selama perawatan di UPI 16,8 ± 12,5. Dilakukan uji Mann–Whitney, didapatkan mean rank dari beberapa parameter RNTL seperti RNTL awal, RNTL hari ke–3 , RNTL tertinggi, dan delta RNTL (dRNTL) pada pasien stroke akut di UPI berkaitan dengan kejadian sepsis. Terdapat perbedaan nilai median pada RNTL hari ke–3, RNTL tertingggi, dan dRNTL pada kelompok stroke yang mengalami sepsis dengan kelompok stroke yang tidak mengalami sepsis.Kesimpulan: RNTL diperkirakan dapat menjadi penanda awal yang potensial terjadinya sepsis pada stroke akut, sehingga dapat menghindari keterlambatan diagnosa dan tatalaksana sepsis pasa pasien stroke sakit kritis.

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BACKGROUND: Several studies have reported that many severe stroke patients developed sepsis during their acute phase, which leads to poor outcomes. In stroke, there is a shift from predominant Th1 lymphocytes, which have proinflammatory characteristics, to predominant Th2 lymphocytes which activate anti-inflammatory responses that induce hyporesponsiveness of the immune system against an invasion of pathogen, known as stroke-induced immunodepression syndrome.

AIM: This study aims to examine whether the neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR) could predict the development of sepsis in acute stroke patients.

METHODS: Patients were admitted to Fatmawati hospital intensive care unit from September 2019 to May 2020.

RESULTS: The mean NLR of acute stroke patients during their stay in ICU was 16.8 ± 12.5. We performed Mann– Whitney test, which revealed that the mean rank of several NLR parameters, such as initial NLR, day-3 NLR, highest NLR, and dNLR in stroke patients at ICU, was associated with the incidence of sepsis. The median difference in day-3 NLR, highest NLR, and dNLR in the stroke group with sepsis differed from those of the non-sepsis group.

CONCLUSION: NLR is assumed to have potential as an early predictor to distinguish septic conditions from non- septic conditions, to prevent delay in establishing diagnosis and management of sepsis, especially in acute, critically- ill stroke patients."