Hasil Pencarian  ::  Simpan CSV :: Kembali

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh tarif pajak progresif terhadap perilaku penggelapan pajak penghasilan orang pribadi di Indonesia. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan merupakan data hasil audit pajak Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di seluruh Indonesia untuk Tahun Pajak 2001 hingga 2012. Hasil analisis regresi Model Tobit dengan pooled data menunjukkan bahwa penerapan sistem tarif progresif cenderung mendorong perilaku penggelapan pajak di Indonesia. Demikian pula perubahan kebijakan tarif pajak dan braket lapisan penghasilan kena pajak yang ditetapkan melalui Undang-Undang Pajak Penghasilan Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 turut serta berkontribusi terhadap tingkat penggelapan pajak. Oleh karena itu, besaran Marginal Tax Rates maupun rentang braket penghasilan kena pajak menjadi hal yang krusial dalam menekan penggelapan pajak.

---

The aim of this research was finding out how the progressive personal income tax had impact on the tax evasion behavior in Indonesia. The research sample used was the tax audit result data of personal taxpayer in the whole Indonesia for tax year 2001 to 2012. The result of Tobit Model regression analysis with pooled data showed that the progressive tariff system was inclined to drive tax evasion behavior in Indonesia. Likewise, the change of tax rates and taxable income bracket enforced through the Law of Income Tax No. 36 of 2008 also contributed on the level of tax evasion in Indonesia. Therefore, the magnitude of Marginal Tax Rates as well as the range of taxable income bracket are being crucial on suppressing tax evasion."

"Tesis ini mengestimasi pengaruh penerapan tarif tunggal pada Pajak Penghasilan Badan (PPh Badan) terhadap indikasi penggelapan pajak (tax evasion). Pengukuran indikasi penggelapan pajak menggunakan hasil pemeriksaan pajak dari Direktorat Jenderal Pajak (DJP) selama kurun waktu 6 tahun (2007-2012). Hasil statistik deskriptif dan analisis Tobit maximum likelihood menunjukkan penerapan tarif tunggal cenderung menurunkan indikasi penggelapan pajak. Hasil penelitian menyarankan bahwa penerapan tarif tunggal pada Pajak Penghasilan Badan dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Badan. Selain itu, semakin tinggi tarif pajak penghasilan cenderung menstimuli indikasi penggelapan pajak.

---

This paper investigates the difference effects of progressive rate and single rate implementation on corporate income tax to tax evasion indication. Using firm level data of tax audit results as a measure of tax evasion indication for six years observations (2007-2012), the empirical results from the sample data show that the implementation of single rate on corporate income tax reduces the tax evasion indication. In addition, the results show that the higher the marginal income tax rate, the higher the tax evasion indication."

"[ABSTRAKTarif pajak tetap telah menjadi salah satu reformasi pajak yang popular di banyak negara. Kesederhanaan dan tarif pajak tetap yang rendah dapat mengurangi biaya kepatuhan, mengurangi penggelapan pajak, mengurangi disintesif, dan memberikan rasa keadilan. Namun tarif pajak tetap juga diyakini dapat meningkatkan ketimpangan pendapatan di masyarakat. Penelitian ini menguji efek dari tarif tetap pajak penghasilan pribadi terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia dengan menggunakan Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 2012. Dengan menggunakan teknik simulasi mikro, diketahui bahwa efek dari tarif tetap pajak penghasilan pribadi bisa mengakibatkan peningkatan atau penurunan tingkat ketimpangan pendapatan. Penerapan tarif pajak tetap di bawah 9% akan menghasilkan peningkatan ketimpangan pendapatan; Sebaliknya, jika tarif pajak rata lebih dari 10% diterapkan, ketimpangan pendapatan akan berkurang. Dua hasil yang berbeda ini disebabkan lebih dari 53% populasi rumah tangga memiliki penghasilan di bawah penghasilan tidak kena pajak karena beberapa pengurangan dan pengecualian penghasilan yang dikenakan pajak.

---

ABSTRACTA flat tax rate has become a popular tax reform in many countries. Simplicity and a lower flat tax rate could reduce compliance costs, reduce evasion, reduce disincentives, and provide fairness. However, it is strongly believed that a flat tax rate could increase inequality in a society. This study examines the effect of a personal income flat tax rate on inequality in Indonesia by using National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas, Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional) 2012. Using a microsimulation technique, the effect of a flat tax rate on personal income could result in an increase or decrease on inequality. Applying a flat tax rate below 9% will result in an increase in inequality; in contrast, if a flat tax rate of more than 10% is applied, inequality will decrease. These two different results take place because more than 53% of households in the population have an income below the taxable tax due to the some deductions and exemptions.;A flat tax rate has become a popular tax reform in many countries. Simplicity and a lower flat tax rate could reduce compliance costs, reduce evasion, reduce disincentives, and provide fairness. However, it is strongly believed that a flat tax rate could increase inequality in a society. This study examines the effect of a personal income flat tax rate on inequality in Indonesia by using National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas, Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional) 2012. Using a microsimulation technique, the effect of a flat tax rate on personal income could result in an increase or decrease on inequality. Applying a flat tax rate below 9% will result in an increase in inequality; in contrast, if a flat tax rate of more than 10% is applied, inequality will decrease. These two different results take place because more than 53% of households in the population have an income below the taxable tax due to the some deductions and exemptions., A flat tax rate has become a popular tax reform in many countries. Simplicity and a lower flat tax rate could reduce compliance costs, reduce evasion, reduce disincentives, and provide fairness. However, it is strongly believed that a flat tax rate could increase inequality in a society. This study examines the effect of a personal income flat tax rate on inequality in Indonesia by using National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas, Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional) 2012. Using a microsimulation technique, the effect of a flat tax rate on personal income could result in an increase or decrease on inequality. Applying a flat tax rate below 9% will result in an increase in inequality; in contrast, if a flat tax rate of more than 10% is applied, inequality will decrease. These two different results take place because more than 53% of households in the population have an income below the taxable tax due to the some deductions and exemptions.]"

"Banyaknya jumlah UMKM di Kota Depok tidak sebanding dengan angka penerimaan pajak dari para pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok. Maka dari itu, petugas pajak di Kota Depok perlu melakukan sosialisasi pajak agar pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok diharapkan mendapatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan kecakapan agar dapat melaksanakan kewajiban perpajakannya secara mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur tingkat literasi pajak pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok terkait dengan Pajak Penghasilan Orang Pribadi (PPh OP) dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sosialisasi pajak terhadap tingkat literasi PPh OP pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui metode kuantitatif yaitu dengan melakukan survei. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 100 responden yang merupakan pelaku orang pribadi pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok memiliki tingkat literasi PPh OP yang tinggi. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara sosialisasi pajak terhadap tingkat literasi PPh OP pelaku UMKM di Kota Depok dengan nilai pengaruh sebesar 52,5% yaitu cukup kuat.

---

This purpose of this research is to measure the level of tax literacy of MSME actors in Kota Depok retaled to personal income tax and to determine the effect of tax socialization on personal income tax literacy of MSME actors in Kota Depok. The large number of MSME in Kota Depok is not proportional to the number of tax revenues from MSME sector in Kota Depok. Therefore, tax officers in Kota Depok need to conduct tax socialization so that MSME actors in Kota Depok are excepected to gain knowledge, understanding and skills in order to carry out their tax obligations independently. This research uses a quantitative approach. The technique of collecting data is through quantitative methods, namely by conducting surveys. Respondents in this research amounted to 100 respondents who are MSME in Kota Depok. The results of this research indicate that MSME actors in Kota Depok have a high level of personal income tax literacy. In addition, this research also shows that there is a positive effect between tax socialization on the level of personal income tax literacy of individual MSME in Kota Depok with an effect value of 52.5%.

"

"Pertumbuhan angka pengguna internet di Indonesia memiliki pengaruh terhadap perkembangan belanja secara daring. Tercatat 88,1% dari 202,6 juta pengguna internet di Indonesia pernah menggunakan layanan berbelanja e-commerce pada April 2021. Selain itu, negara Indonesia menempati urutan ketujuh pertumbuhan e-commerce tercepat di dunia. Fenomena ini ditambah lagi dengan jumlah penjual di e-commerce sebanyak 16 juta dan munculnya hari belanja online nasional. Shopee adalah salah satu marketplace terbesar yang beroperasi di Indonesia. Hal-hal inilah memunculkan pertanyaan yaitu terkait dengan masalah kepatuhan pajak penghasilan pelaku usaha di e-commerce. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemahaman wajib, sanksi pajak, dan tarif pajak terhadap kepatuhan formal pajak penghasilan pelaku usaha Shopee di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma positivisme, pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode pengumpulan data survei. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah non-probabilita sampling yaitu convenience sampling sejumlah 385 responden. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa baik ketiga faktor independen yaitu pemahaman wajib pajak, sanksi pajak, dan tarif pajak berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepatuhan formal pajak penghasilan. Selain itu, pemahaman wajib pajak, sanksi pajak, dan tarif pajak memiliki keeratan yang sangat tinggi dengan kepatuhan formal. Hasil koefisien determinasi menunjukkan variabel dependen dapat dijelaskan sebesar 56,2% oleh variabel-variabel independen penelitian ini. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi agar DJP melakukan pemeriksaan lapangan dengan intensitas lebih tinggi, melakukan audiensi melalui undangan sosialisasi secara langsung kepada pengusaha di e-commerce, dan melakukan integrasi data dengan mewajibkan pengusaha Shopee mendaftarkan NPWP sebagai syarat berjualan agar bisa terdeteksi kepatuhan perpajakannya.

---

The growing number of internet users affected the rising number of businesses selling on e-commerce. It was recorded that 88.1% of the 202.6 million internet users in Indonesia had used e-commerce shopping services in April 2021. In addition, Indonesia ranks seventh in the fastest-growing e-commerce in the world. This phenomenon is coupled with the number of e-commerce sellers of 16 million and the emergence of a national online shopping day. Shopee is one of the largest marketplaces operating in Indonesia. These things raise questions related to the income tax compliance problem for business actors in e-commerce. This study aimed to determine the effect of mandatory understanding, tax sanctions, and tax rates on the formal income tax compliance of Shopee business actors in Indonesia. This study uses a positivist paradigm, a quantitative approach, and a survey data collection method. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling, namely convenience sampling, with a total of 385 respondents. The results of this study indicate that both the three independent factors, namely understanding of the taxpayer, tax sanctions, and tax rates, have a positive and significant effect on formal income tax compliance. In addition, understanding taxpayers, tax sanctions, and tax rates have a very high relationship with formal compliance. The results of the coefficient of determination show that the dependent variable can be explained by 56.2% of the independent variables of this study. This research recommends that tax authorities conduct field inspections with higher intensity, conduct hearings through invitations to socialize directly with entrepreneurs in e-commerce and integrate data by requiring Shopee entrepreneurs to register NPWP as a condition for selling so that tax compliance can be detected."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis modus penghindaran pajak Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi WP OP atas penghasilan dan kepemilikan aset di negara tax haven dengan melakukan studi kasus di Direktorat Jenderal Pajak DJP . Penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara terhadap para praktisi di DJP yang membidangi sektor Orang Pribadi dan membahas tiga kasus tentang penghasilan capital gain atas transaksi pengalihan saham, deemed dividend, penghasilan sehubungan dengan pekerjaan dan kepemilikan aset di negara tax haven. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah DJP telah melakukan tahapan identifikasi data sampai dengan tindak lanjut untuk penggalian potensi pajak atas penghasilan dan kepemilikan aset di negara tax haven secara efektif dengan memanfaatkan berbagai sumber data eksternal yang relevan.

---

The purpose of this research is to analyze individual tax evasion for income and asset ownership in tax haven country by conducting case study in Directorate General of Taxes DGT. This research is conducted by interviewing some individual tax experts in DGT and had discussed three cases like capital gain from stock acquisition, deemed dividend, remuneration and asset ownership in tax haven country. It is concluded that DGT analysis has efficiently conducted from data identification to follow up prrocess by utilizing and maximizing some relevant external data sources. "

"Personal income tax represents personal tax in a way that its imposition is as possible strives to be harmonized with the circumstance of taxpayer. This is generally realized in the form of personal exemptions, which in Indonesia is known as PTKP. Therefore, this thesis will study the method in determining PTKP to reach justice in personal income tax.The thesis aims to look for and explain the reasons and basis that form the background of PTKP adjustment, relationship between Minimum Live Requirement or KHM and amount of PTKP for personal taxpayer, and implication of policy that adjusts the amount of PTKP to Income Tax section 21 accounted by government. Finally, the thesis will also analyze whether the policy of PTKP adjustment may bring justice in tax imposition.Based on experts' theory, a person's income during a period of time is subject to tax. This view has become standard for the ability to pay tax after deducting all expenses incurred to earn, bill, and maintain that person's income. In order to impose fair tax collection, the tax regulations must be enforced to all people without exception. In practice, the tax burden should be tuned to individual's ability to pay. Variety in family burdens may induce variety in the capacity to assume the burdens. As far as personal income taxpayer; there is part of income that should be excluded from tax, especially for the poor. This exclusion should be given out as part of an effort to earn income or to fulfill the minimum live requirement. If some of the minimum live requirement is not available, then the taxpayer may not be able to earn income that would subsequently be subject to tax. The exception is recognized as PTKP, whereas its amount is constantly adapted with the growth of economy, monetary, and price of basic needs annually.Research in this thesis uses descriptive analysis method with qualitative approach on the study of policy. Technique on data collection is in the form of book and field study done through interviews with related parties.The research results in a summary, which implies that the government is not in accordance with the income tax laws that require adjustment of PTKP following any changes in the economy and monetary as well as the price fluctuations of basic needs each year. The government obligation to adjust PTKP accordingly has been replaced by Income Tax Section 21 Accounted by Government. The policy is passed only to taxpayer who earns income from work. Thus, the policy has caused injustice in the system of personal income tax. PTKP for taxpayer in the amount of Rp 1.000.000; (one million rupiah) monthly has been in accordance with current KHM. However, additional PTKP for married couple and their burdens is not suitable with recent situation of economy and monetary as well as price of basic needs. With the existence of policy to adjust PTKP in 2005, Income Tax Section 21 Accounted by Government does not affect the calculation of Income Tax Section 21 for those who owe. So far, PTKP policy has not served justice in tax imposition. Moreover, the policy still needs much attention to be harmonized with the principality of justice.Preferably, adjustment on PTKP is conducted each year so that PTKP policy is not left behind by any changes in basic needs and economical and monetary growth. Also, in determining PTKP, the government should specify more appropriate amount of PTKP to be in accordance with economy, monetary, and taxpayer KHM. Additional PTKP for married couple and their burdens should be around 50% of PTKP instead of 10%. Furthermore, Income Tax Section 21 Accounted by Government should be abolished to provide rule of law and justice for personal taxpayer. In drafting future PTKP policy, effort should be maximized to reach justice in aspects such as: paying more attention to PTKP for daily and weekly paid workers as well as other irregular workers, giving additional PTKP for the burdens and not only in the beginning of tax year, and lastly to allow additional PTKP for siblings of taxpayer in consideration of certain circumstances."

"Pemberlakukan tarif baru untuk pajak penghasilan atas dividen yang diterima wajib pajak orang pribadi dalam negeri yang berlaku sejak Januari 2009, ditujukan untuk lebih menggairahkan investasi. Sehingga, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kebijakan tersebut memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pembuatan keputusan investasi investor individu. Dari hasil analisa yang dilakukan, diperoleh bahwa pajak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keputusan investasi investor, dimana pengaruh ini berbeda-beda antar saham dengan kinerja dividend yield yang berbeda. Analisa juga dispesifikasikan berdasarkan style-level investor yang menentukan preferensi investor dalam membuat keputusan investasi.

---

The implementation of new dividend tax rate on January 2007 for individual domestic investors is aimed to stimulate the domestic investment. Due to these reason, the objective of this research is to explore whether the new tax rate policy really works in affecting individual investors' investment decision making. The result is the tax policy affects significantly to investors' investment decision making, which is varies among dividend yield performance of the shares. The analysis also focusing on investors' style level which is the basis in determining investors' investment preference."

"Pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan (SPT) Tahunan Pajak Penghasilan khususnya bagi wajib pajak orang pribadi sebagai kewajiban yang harus dijalankan dan ketentuannya telah diatur sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang ada. Pelaporan SPT selama ini menimbulkan banyak permasalahan khususnya bagi wajib pajak orang pribadi yang telah berkeluarga (menikah) karena status pernikahan akan menentukan di dalam pelaporan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Penghasilan Orang Pribadi (SPT PPh OP). Sesuai dengan perubahan format yang baru melalui dikeluarkannya Peraturan Direkur Jenderal Pajak PER-19/PJ/2014 yang mewajibkan pengisian status kewajiban perpajakan bagi wajib pajak orang pribadi khusunya yang telah menikah maka hal tersbut akan menimbulkan implikasi perpajakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implikasi perubahan Surat Pemberitahuan Pajak Penghasilan Orang Pribadi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi literature dan wawancara mendalam. Implikasi yang timbul adalah kurang bayar maupun lebih bayar dalam pelaporan SPT PPh OP.

---

Reporting tax return for individual tax payers as an obligation that must be carried out which provisions have been set in accordance with the provisions of the existing legislation. Reporting SPT, has brought many problems, especially for individual taxpayers who have a family (married) because of marital status will determine in reporting personal income tax (SPT individual income tax). In accordance with the new format changes through the enactment of the DGT (Directorate General of Taxation) Regulation PER-19/PJ/2014 which requires the charging status of tax obligations for an individual taxpayer who has been married especially then it will lead to some tax implications. This study aims to analyze the implications of changes in the tax return for individual tax payers. This study used a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques done with literature studies and in-depth interviews. The implication that arises is underpayment or overpayment of the reporting individual income tax returns."

"Pada periode tahun 2013-2017 telah ditetapkan 3 kali kenaikan Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak (PTKP) untuk pajak penghasilan pribadi, namun belum ada studi yang menguji kebijakan tersebut dalam konteks efektivitas dalam meningkatkan pendapatan wajib pajak. Peneliti menguji dampak kenaikan PTKP menggunakan data pendapatan bersih dari Sakernas dan menggunakan metode Pooled OLS untuk mengestimasi pengaruh kenaikan PTKP terhadap pendapatan. Estimasi statistik menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan PTKP berpengaruh positif terhadap pendapatan bersih di kelompok pendapatan bawah dalam 3 kali periode kebijakan. Sedangkan untuk kelompok pendapatan di atasnya hanya signifikan berpengaruh di dua periode pertama. Studi ini memberikan bukti empiris efektivitas dari kebijakan kenaikan PTKP.

---

In the period of 2013-2017 the government has carried out three times Personal Income Tax (PIT) Exemption expansions, but there are no studies that examine the policy in the context of effectiveness in increasing taxpayer income. We tested the impact of PTKP increases using net income data from Sakernas and used the Pooled OLS method to estimate the effect of PIT exemption increases on income. Statistical estimates show that the increase in PIT exemption has a positive effect on net income in the lower income group in 3 policy periods. Whereas the higher income group is only significantly affected the income in the first two periods. This study provides empirical evidence of the effectiveness of PIT exemption expansion policy.

"