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"Tesis ini membahas isu hak Self-determination yang digaungkan oleh Organisasi Papua Merdeka (atau yang dikenal sebagai OPM) dengan mengatasnamakan rakyat Papua Barat. Isu tersebut kembali menjadi sorotan pada Desember 2018, di mana OPM menembak para karyawan PT. Istaka Karya. Kehadiran hak selfdetermination dalam hukum internasional merupakan sebuah kesempatan bagi negara-negara yang terjajah untuk menjadi memperoleh kemerdekaan. Namun, pada perkembangannya, pelaksanaan hak self-determination tidak lagi dalam konteks dekolonisasi. Pergeseran makna dan tujuan ini sebabkan adanya perkembangan hukum internasional yang dipengaruhi oleh kasus internasional. OPM sejak kemunculannya di tahun 1965, terus gencar menyampaikan tuntutan tuntutan tersebut melalui teror dan hadir dalam forum internasional untuk meraih simpati internasional.

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This thesis calls for the issue of the right of self-determination which echoed by Free Papua Movement (also known as OPM) on behalf of the West Papua people. The issue re-highlighted on December 2018, where the OPM shot the employees of PT. Istaka Karya. The presence of the right of self-determination in international law is an opportunity for colonized people to obtain its independence. However, the exercise of the right of self-determination is no longer in the context of decolonization. This shift in meaning and purpose is due to the development of international law that influenced by international cases. OPM since its emergence in 1965, continues to aggressively conveyed their demand through terror and present in international forums in order to gain the international sympathy."

"Penelitian ini memaparkan tentang pemaknaan self-determination yang awalnya dipahami sebagai hak untuk merdeka dan memisahkan diri melalui Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Peoples, menjadi hak untuk menentukan nasib sendiri dalam konteks HAM bagi indigenous peoples. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif interpretif, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi perdebatan pada proses penyusunan teks deklarasi indigenous rights di PBB yang dimulai pada tahun 1984-2007. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, walaupun pemaknaan pada akhirnya diterima secara resmi sebagai self-determination yang dibatasi, masih terdapat unsur-unsur ldquo;kolonialisme berlanjut rdquo; advanced colonialism yang masih berlanjut yang menyebabkan masih sulitnya negara menerima pemaknaan self-determination yang bersifat internal. Selain itu, dipaparkan pula mengenai kondisi pengakuan masyarakat adat di Indonesia sebagai refleksi atas permasalahan terhadap pemaknaan self-determination.

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This study elaborates the meaning of self determination which was originally conceived as the right to independence and secession by Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Peoples, becomes the rights to self determination in the context of rights for indigenous peoples. By using qualitative interpretive approach, this study explores the debate on the process of preparing the text of the UN Declaration on Indigenous Rights from 1984 2007. The result shows that,even though the meaning is accepted formally in form of restricted self determination, there are elements of advanced colonialism that led to the difficulty for states to accept the context of internal meaning of self determination. This study also presents the condition on recognition of ldquo masyarakat adat rdquo in Indonesia as a reflection on the problems on the meaning of self determination."

"The right of people to self-determination has been a contentious issue in international law. Debates on this right concern with the different interpretations of 'people' or of what the rights entail. Do they refer to the population of a state. Colony or groups of individuals, ethnic, race linked by a common language? Such vague criteria enable a wide variety of groups within sovereign state to claim the right to self-determination. Consequently, they do not only generate instability within the state but can also threaten international peace and security. In the case of West Papua, the question is more about the process of self-determination held by Government of Indonesia under the assistance of UN based on the New York agreement of 1962 in the framework of the Act of Free Choice 1969 …."

"Indonesia is a former Dutch colony which declared its independence on August 17, 1945. However,it was not internationally recognised until December 27, 1949, when the Netherlands formallytransferred the sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies to a new political entity called ‘Indonesia’ atthe Round Table Conference in the Hague. This occasion marked the political union of all diversekingdoms and regional communities spread over the Indonesian archipelago. This step has beenfrequently associated with the global spirit of many other countries around the world to gainindependence from Western colonisers and with the international principle of self-determination.However, the relationship between the central government in Java and some regionalcommunities has been fluctuating for decades after the independence. This paper examines threeconflicts over the rights of self-determination in in three areas in Indonesia by reflecting on thehistorical background of Indonesia’s struggle for self-determination. Besides that, it also seeksto demonstrate the way Indonesia’s integrity has been negotiated to accommodate internal andexternal forces to achieve self-determination from international law perspective. Furthermore,this paper also contributes to the scholarly discussion on the concept of self-determination and theconflicts that it caused in Indonesian context, while also proposing some insights into the efforts topreserve Indonesia’s unity and integrity for years to come.Indonesia adalah sebuah negara bekas jajahan Belanda yang memproklamasikan kemerdekaannyapada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945. Namun, Indonesia baru diakui secara internasional pada tanggal27 Desember 1949 ketika Belanda secara formal menyerahkan kedaulatan negeri Hindia-Belanda kepada entitas politik baru yang disebut ‘Indonesia’ di dalam Perundingan MejaBundar yang diadakan di Den Haag. Peristiwa ini menyatukan secara politis berbagai kerajaandan komunitas lokal di seantero nusantara. Peristiwa ini pun dianggap sebagai implementasidari semangat global anti penjajahan asing dalam bingkai hukum self-determination. Namundemikian, hubungan antara pemerintah pusat di Jawa dengan wilayah-wilayah tertentumengalami dinamika dalam bentuk konflik yang terjadi selama beberapa dekade. Tulisan iniditujukan untuk mengkaji latar belakang dari tiga konflik yang berhubungan dengan hak selfdeterminationdan cara Indonesia bernegosiasi dengan kekuatan-kekuatan self-determination,baik internal maupun ekternal, ditinjau dari sudut padang hukum internasional. Kajian inidiharapkan dapat menambah pemahaman teoritis tentang konflik terkait self-determination danupaya penyelesaiannya dalam rangka mempererat persatuan dan integritas bangsa Indonesia dimasa yang akan datang."

"The principle of self-determination is one of the concepts contained in international human rights law. This principle has generally been known by many, but along with the changing times and needs, the concept of this principle more deeply examined by experts and used in various international agreements as a basic principle. In the use of this principle, indigenous peoples became one of the subject that could use it for the benefit of the community. Various international agreements include the use of this principle for the rights of indigenous peoples such as the ICCPR, ICESCR, ILO Convention no. 169. That's all for the role of international and regional organizations that move states to recognize indigenous peoples rights. Problems arise when it is implemented and confronted with the country's sovereignty. It's not going to happen when an understanding of the principle of self-determination for indigenous peoples adapted to the needs of indigenous peoples and the sovereignty of a country. The practice of some countries will prove the state's role in the protection of rights of indigenous society without disturbing the sovereignty of the country.

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Prinsip menentukan nasib sendiri merupakan salah satu konsep yang terdapat di hukum internasional hak asasi manusia. Prinsip ini secara umum telah dikenal oleh banyak pihak, namun seiring dengan perubahan zaman dan kebutuhan, konsep dari prinsip ini dikaji lebih mendalam oleh para ahli dan digunakan di berbagai kesepakatan internasional sebagai prinsip dasar. Dalam penggunaan prinsip ini, masyarakat adat menjadi salah satu subjek yang dapat memanfaatkannya untuk kepentingan komunitasnya. Berbagai kesepakatan internasional mencantumkan penggunaan prinsip ini bagi hak masyarakat adat seperti ICCPR, ICESCR, Konvensi ILO no. 169. Itu semua atas peran dari organisasi internasional maupun regional yang menggerakkan negara-negara untuk mengakui hak masyarakat adat. Permasalahan timbul ketika hal ini diimplementasikan dan dihadapkan dengan kedaulatan negara. Hal itu tidak akan terjadi ketika pemahaman mengenai prinsip menentukan nasib sendiri bagi masyarakat adat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan masyarakat adat dan kedaulatan sebuah negara. Praktek beberapa negara membuktikan akan peran negara dalam perlindungan hak masyakarat adat tanpa menganggu kedaulatan dari negara tersebut."

"Social commerce (s-commerce) adalah aktivitas perdagangan daring yang menggunakan social network sites (SNS) seperti Facebook dan Instagram. Masyarakat Indonesia sendiri diketahui memiliki sikap belanja yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh SNS. Motivasi intrinsik disebutkan sebagai hal yang paling memengaruhi seseorang untuk mengambil keputusan termasuk dalam berbelanja di s-commerce. Agar dapat mengetahui karakteristik s-commerce apa saja yang memengaruhi motivasi intrinsik seseorang, digunakan perspektif teori socio-technical. Teori socio-technical digunakan karena faktor sosial dan teknikal pada s-commerce tidak dapat dipisahkan. Model penelitian ini terdiri dari bagian 1) dukungan sosial (informational support dan emotional support); 2) penunjang teknikal (support for social interaction, support for recommendation, dan support for reputation); 3) self-determination theory (autonomy, competence, relatedness, dan motivasi intrinsik); dan 4) faktor intensi pembelian pada s-commerce. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode covariance-based structural equation modelling (CB-SEM) dengan menggunakan survei daring yang diisi oleh 561 responden valid. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa semua faktor dalam karakteristik teknikal s-commerce memengaruhi autonomy dan competence; faktor emotional support memengaruhi relatedness; faktor informational support memengaruhi autonomy, competence, dan relatedness; faktor autonomy, competence, dan relatedness memengaruhi motivasi intrinsik; dan motivasi intrinsik memengaruhi intensi pembelian pada s-commerce. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat mengisi kekosongan penelitian mengenai motivasi dalam s-commerce. Penelitian ini juga diharapkan dapat memiliki implikasi praktikal bagi pelaku industri s-commerce untuk mengimplementasi fitur yang sesuai dan mengatur strategi bisnis yang tepat.

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Social commerce (s-commerce) is an e-commerce activity that uses social network sites (SNS) such as Facebook and Instagram. In Indonesia, people are known to have a shopping behavior that is strongly influenced by SNS. Intrinsic motivation is mentioned as the thing that most influences one’s behavior, including shopping behavior in s-commerce. In order to find out what s-commerce characteristics affect one's intrinsic motivation, a socio-technical theory perspective is used; because social and technical factors in s-commerce cannot be separated. This research model consists of 1) social support (informational support and emotional support); 2) technical support (support for social interaction, support for recommendation, and support for reputation); 3) self-determination theory (autonomy, competence, relatedness, and intrinsic motivation); and 4) purchase intention in s-commerce. The study was conducted using the covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) method using an online survey filled by 561 valid respondents. The results of the analysis prove that all factors in the technical characteristics of s-commerce affect autonomy and competence; emotional support factors affect relatedness; informational support factors affect autonomy, competence, and relatedness; autonomy, competence, and relatedness factors affect intrinsic motivation; and intrinsic motivation affects purchase intentions in s-commerce. This research is expected to fill the research gap regarding motivation in s-commerce. This research is also expected to have practical implications for the s-commerce industry players to implement the appropriate features and set the right business strategy."