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"Latar Belakang: Defisiensi seng menyebabkan sekitar setengah juta kematian balita setiap tahun di seluruh dunia. Angka mortalitas penyakit yang diakibatkan oleh defisiensi seng juga sangat tinggi seperti diare yang menyebabkan 176.000 kematian, pneumonia 406.000, dan malaria 207.000. Kadar seng dalam urin merupakan salah satu nilai yang dapat dijadikan acuan dalam mendeteksi dini defisiensi seng. Kadar seng yang rendah dalam tubuh dapat menurunkan kadar seng dalam urin hingga 96%. Data mengenai nilai rerata kadar seng dalam urin balita normal belum diketahui.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai rerata kadar seng dalam urin balita normal.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross-sectional Urin pasien diambil saat diadakan pengabdian masyarakat dengan subjek sebanyak 30 orang. Pengambilan data konsentrasi seng urin dilakukan di dalam laboratorium Biokimia dan Biologi Molekuler FKUI pada bulan November 2019. Kadar seng diukur dengan penambahan reagen pyrildilazo naphtol (PAN) dan larutan buffer basa amonium klorida pH 10. Penambahan PAN kepada larutan yang mengandung pada kondisi basa akan membentuk kompleks warna. Larutan kemudian ditambahkan Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) untuk melarutkan kompleks warna yang telah terbentuk. Banyaknya kompleks warna yang terbentuk dihitung dengan metode kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometer. Data diolah dalam SPSS untuk ditentukan nilai reratanya. Kriteria inklusi adalah balita berusia 2-5 tahun. Kriteria eksklusi adalah balita yang memiliki penyakit khususnya demam, diare, dan muntah.Hasil: Data kadar seng dalam urin balita normal menunjukkan nilai yang tidak terdistribusi secara normal. Nilai median dari data tersebut adalah sebesar 1, 6969 mmol/L, nilai maksimal 11, 2424 mmol/L, dan nilai minimal 0,1818 mmol/L.Kesimpulan: Rerata kadar seng urin pada balita normal adalah 2,6767 mmol/L

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Background: Zinc deficiency causes approximately half a million infants deaths every year worldwide. Disease mortality caused by zinc deficiency in children is high, including diarrhea accounts for 176,000 deaths, pneumonia 406,000, and malaria 207,000. Zinc concentration in urine is one of important values to early detect zinc deficiency. Low zinc concentration in the body could decrease urinary zinc concentration until 96%. Data abaout mean of zinc concentration value in normal infants urine is not established.

Objective: This study aims to know the value of zinc concentration value in normal infants urine.

Methods: This study is a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. Urine of the subjects were taken by themselves and then collected in community development program with total 30 subjects. Data collection of urinary zinc concentration was conducted in laboratory of Departement of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology FKUI on November 2019. Zinc concentration is measured by adding reagent 1-(2-pyrildilazo)1-maphtol (PAN) and base buffer solution ammonium chloride pH 10. PAN addition to zinc-containing solution under base condition will form color complex. The solution then added with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) to dissolve the formed color complex. Data analysis was done using SPSS to determine the mean value. The inclusion criteria was children aged 2-5 years. The exclusion criteria was children with disease, particularly fever, diarrhea and vomiting.

Results: Urinary zinc concentration data are not distributed normally. The median of the data is 1.6969 mmol/L, the maximum value is 11.2424 mmol/L, and the minimum value is 0.1818 mmol/L.

Conclusion: Mean value of urinary zinc concentration in normal under-five children is 2.6767 mmol/L"

"Latar Belakang : Kolitis merupakan penyakit gastrointestinal yang banyak ditemukan dan menjadi masalah utama di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Zinc, trace element penting dengan berbagai fungsi diantaranya antimikrobial mukosa intestinal, meningkatkan fungsi barrier gastrointestinal, dan fungsi imun. Kolitis menyebabkan perubahan anatomis saluran gastrointestinal, dianggap dapat menyebabkan defisiensi zinc akibat gangguan penyerapan dan peningkatan ekskresi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui profil zinc darah dan analisa tinja pada pasien kolitis di RSUPN dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Metode : Dilakukan penelitian potong lintang pada bulan Agustus 2019-November 2019. Subjek kolitis diperoleh secara konsekutif dari pasien yang kontrol di poliklinik gastroenterologi atau menjalani kolonoskopi di Pusat Endoskopi Saluran Cerna RSUPN. dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pemeriksaan sampel zinc darah secara spektrofotometri dan analisa tinja subjek kolitis untuk menilai profil zinc darah dan analisa tinja. Kadar zinc darah subjek kolitis dibandingkan dengan kadar zinc darah subjek sehat. Hasil : Terdapat 40 subjek kolitis dan 16 subjek sehat yang disertakan untuk dianalisis pada penelitian ini. Diperoleh 45% pasien kolitis yang defisiensi zinc dengan rerata kadar zinc kelompok kolitis adalah 10,9 ± 1,9 µmol/L dan rerata kadar zinc subjek sehat 12,3 ± 1 µmol/L. Profil analisa tinja kelompok kolitis ditemukan konsistensi lembek 90%, BAB berlendir 17,5%, peningkatan jumlah eritrosit 60%, peningkatan jumlah leukosit 5%, positif amilum 20%, positif lemak 7,5%, pH asam 97,5%, positif darah samar tinja 37,5%, dan jamur di tinja 7,5%. Simpulan : Kadar zinc pada kelompok kolitis lebih rendah bermakna dibanding kadar zinc pada kelompok sehat. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mempertimbangkan pemberian terapi zinc pada pasien kolitis dengan defisiensi zinc.

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Background: Colitis is a common gastrointestinal disease that is a major problem in developing countries including Indonesia. Zinc, an important trace element with various functions including antimicrobial intestinal mucosa, improves gastrointestinal barrier function, and immune function. Colitis causes anatomical changes in the gastrointestinal tract, considered to cause zinc deficiency due to impaired absorption and increased excretion. This study aims to determine the profile of blood zinc and fecal analysis in colitis patients at RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 colitis and 16 healthy subjects in August 2019-November 2019. Colitis subjects were obtained consecutively from patients who were in the gastroenterology outpatient clinic or underwent colonoscopy at the Gastroenterological Endoscopy Center of RSUPN. dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Spectrophotometric examination of blood zinc samples and fecal analysis of colitis subjects to assess blood zinc profile and stool analysis. The level of colitis in the subjects' blood zinc was compared with the level of zinc in the healthy subject. Results: There were 40 colitis subjects and 16 healthy subjects included for analysis in this study. 45% of colitis patients who were deficient in zinc with a mean zinc level in the colitis group were 10.9 ± 1.9 μmol / L and the mean zinc level in healthy subjects was 12.3 ± 1 μmol / L. Fecal analysis profile of colitis group found 90% soft stool consistency, 17.5% slimy stool, increase in erythrocyte count 60%, increase in leukocyte count 5%, positive starch 20%, positive fat 7.5%, acid pH 97.5%, positive Fecal blood feces 37.5%, and fungi in feces 7.5%.

Conclusion: Zinc levels in the colitis group were significantly lower than zinc levels in the healthy group. Further research needs to be done to consider giving zinc therapy to colitis patients with zinc deficiency."

"Fanatisme terhadap sebuah produk tidak selalu berawal dari tingginya kualitas produk, Dari berbagai temuan riset maupun kajian terdahulu, terdapat temuan bahwa relasi antar konsumen dan produk yang dikonsumsinya, lebih sering membangun fanatisme terhadap brand. Salah satu bentuk relasinya terwujud sebagai komunitas brand online. Xiaomi dengan komunitas brand online, Mi Community Indonesia, merupakan salah satu contoh dari produk low-end market yang memiliki pengikut sangat loyal terhadap brandnya. Kesetiaan para fans Xiaomi ini telah terbukti di berbagai negara salah satunya adalah Indonesia. Mi Community Indonesia telah berdiri sejak 2017 dengan puluhan Mi Fans regional yang telah terbentuk secara organik semenjak Xiaomi masuk ke Indonesia. Untuk mendalami yang terjadi pada fenomena Xiaomi itulah, tesis ini bertujuan untuk mengkategorikan jenis keanggotaan yang terdapat pada Mi Community Indonesia dan bentuk prilaku pengkultusan brand dari setiap jenis anggota komunitas. Untuk mencapai tujuan dari penelitian, peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan metode studi netnografi melalui observasi netnografi dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan kunci. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep komunitas brand online, termasuk didalamnya interaksi dan jenis keanggotaan komunitas brand dan pengkultusan brand. Jenis keanggotaan dan perilaku pengkultusan brand dianalisis melalui post, thread dan hasil wawancara dengan informan kunci. Dari hasil penelitian, ditemukan adanya enam jenis keanggotaan dalam Mi Community Indonesia yang terbagi menjadi the Learner, the Pragmatist, the Opinion Leader, the Activist, the Evangelist dan the Blindfold Cult. Bentuk perilaku pengkultusan brand ditemukan pada jenis keanggotaan the Evangelist dan the Blindfold Cult. Penelitian ini juga menemukan adanya bentuk pengkultusan brand yang dilakukan oleh anggota Mi Community Indonesia, dimana perilaku pengkultusan brand ini banyak terjadi pada interaksi yang didasarkan pada jenis impressions management dan community engagement. Pengkultusan brand yang terjadi pada anggota Mi Community Indonesia merupakan suatu bentuk unjuk diri kepada dunia luar menutupi realitas semu mereka terhadap produk Xiaomi itu sendiri.

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Fanaticism about a product does not always start from the high quality of the product itself. Based on previous research and studies, found out that there are a special relationship between consumers and the products they consume, more often builds fanaticism towards the brand. One form if its relationship is reflected as an online brand community. Xiaomi, with its well-known online brand community, Mi Community Indonesia, is the example of a low-end market product that have a very loyal brand followers. Their loyalty is proven in various country of Xiaomi target market in which Indonesia is one of them. Mi Community Indonesia formed since 2017 with dozens of regional Mi Fans that already formed organically since Xiaomi enter Indonesia smartphone’s market. This thesis objective is to determine the type of membership in Mi Community Indonesia and their form of brand cult towards Xiaomi as a brand of each type of membership in Mi Community Indonesia. This research is using qualitative approach with netnography study as its method. This research is using both netnography observations and in-depth interview with key informant. This research is using online brand community including the interaction within brand community and type of membership in brand community and brand cult as its concepts. In this research, type of membership and behaviour of brand cults are analysed by post, thread and online data system given by Mi Community Indonesia and interview result with key informant. The results of this research show that there are six types of membership in Mi Community Indonesia which divided into the Learner, the Pragmatist, the Opinion Leader, the Activist, and the Blindfold Cult. The brand cult behaviour is found in the Evangelist and the Blindfold Cult type of membership. This research also found behaviour of brand cult of members in Mi Community Indonesia, in which happens in interaction that based on impressions management and community engagement kind of interactions within the community. Brand cult behaviour that happens in Mi Community Indonesia is a form of rally to cover their false reality towards Xiaomi’s product."

"Stunting merupakan gangguan pertumbuhan yang disebabkan oleh malnutrisi kronis pada anak yang berdampak pada penurunan fungsi kognitif serta fisik anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada siswa kelas 1 SD di Jakarta Barat tahun 2016. Penelitian ini berdesain studi cross sectional, menggunakan data primer dengan sampel 182 orang siswa dari 6 sekolah dasar negeri di Jakarta Barat yang dilakukan pada April-Mei 2016. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara pengisian kuesioner dan food frequency questionnaire secara mandiri oleh responden. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui terdapat 21,4% siswa mengalami stunting. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata frekuensi konsumsi seng, zat besi, vitamin A, dan protein serta ada perbedaan proporsi antara berat badan lahir (OR=6,31), pemberian ASI eksklusif (OR=2,62), riwayat penyakit infeksi (OR=2,86), status imunisasi dasar (OR=3,45), suplementasi vitamin A (OR=2,46), pengetahuan gizi dan kesehatan ibu (OR=2,77), pola asuh makan (OR=6,41), jumlah anggota keluarga (OR=2,97), dan pendapatan keluarga (OR=2,88) dengan kejadian stunting. Analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi konsumsi seng merupakan faktor dominan kejadian stunting pada siswa kelas 1 SD di Jakarta Barat tahun 2016.

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Stunting is linear growth retardation because of chronic malnutrition that associated with decline of cognitive function and physic skill in children. The objective of this research is to determine the dominant factor related with stunting occurence among 1st grade primary school student in Jakarta Barat, 2016. This research was descriptive study with cross sectional design that using primary data and included 182 students from 1st grade of 6 public elementary school that located in Jakarta Barat. Data were collected through the questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire.

The result showed prevalence of stunting was 21,4%. The independent t-test analysis showed that food consumption frequency of zinc, iron, vitamin A, and protein had a significant difference with stunting. Chi square analysis also showed that birth weight (OR=6,31), exclusive breast-feeding (OR=2,62), history of infection (OR=2,86), basic immunization status (OR=3,45), suplementation of Vitamin A, maternal health and nutrition knowledge (OR=2,77), care feeding (OR=2,88), family size, dan family income (OR=2,88) had a significant association with stunting. Regresi binary logistic showed that consumption frequency of zinc as dominant factor of stun."

"Latar Belakang :Event-related potensial (ERP), terutama P300, merupakan perubahan potensial otak yang menggambarkan proses pengolahan stimulus yang diterima. Pemeriksaan ERP merupakan salah satu tekhnik neurofisiologis yang non-invasive, tetapi objektif, yang sexing digunakan untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas kognitif seseorang, terutama yang berkaitan dengan atensi, persepsi memori, fungsi eksekutif, dan kontrol perilaku.Metode :Pemeriksaan ERP auditorik diskriminasi 2 nada dilakukan pada 81 anak asimptomatik yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dari 3 sekolah dasar swasta di Jakarta. Rerata performa motorik (kecepatan reaksi, hits, dan commission error) serta iatensi dan amplitude komponen-komponen ERP (N I00, N200, dan P300) yang timbul terhadap nada target direkam dan dianalisa berdasarkan faktor usia dan jenis kelamin.Basil :Kecepatan reaksi, hits, dan latensi P300 secara statistik berbeda bermakna berdasarkan faktor usia. Terdapat korelasi negatif dengan kekuatan sedang antara faktor umur dan kecepatan reaksi dan latensi P300 (p<0.0l). Sedangkan faktor usia dan hits berkorelasi secara positif dengan kekuatan sedang. Tidal( didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik antara performa motorik maupun latensi dan amplitudo P300 terhadap faktor jenis kelamin.Kesimpulan :Perkembangan fungsi kognitif anak tampaknya berkaitan dengan maturasi otak sejalan dengan pertambahan usia, dan tidak berkaitan dengan faktor jenis kelamin. Perneriksaan ERP auditorik diskriminasi 2 nada dapat digunakan untuk menilai perkembangan fungsi kognitif anak.

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Background :

Event Related Potentials (ERPs), especially P300, are electrical changes generated in the brain in association with stimuli processing. They can provide a non-invasive but objective means to evaluate the activity of human brain associated with attention, perception, memory, decision making, and control of behavior.

Methods:

Auditory ERP two-tone discrimination (`oddball ) paradigm was presented to 81 healthy asymtomatic school aged children of three private elementary schools in Jakarta. Motor performances (reaction time, hits, and commission error) and latency and amptlitude of ERP components (N100, N200, and P300) elicited to target stimuli were recorded and analyzed for between group difference (age and sex).

Results:

Reaction times, hits, and P300 latency were significantly different between age groups (pcO.01). There were also moderately negative correlation between age groups and reaction limes and P300 latencies (p<0.01). Moderately positive correlation were noted between hits and age (p <0 01). None of motor performances nor latencies and amplitudes of P300 were different between sex groups (p>0.05).

Conclusions:

Maturation of cognitive brain functions in children are related to age development despite of sex gender. Auditory ERP two-tone discrimination ERPs are excellent tools for the study of cognitive brain functions in humans and the developmental time course of these functions in childhood."

"Latar Belakang: Persalinan preterm adalah persalinan sebelum usia kehamilan 37 minggu lengkap. Persalinan preterm ini masih menjadi masalah di seluruh dunia. Pada laporan World Health Organization WHO , Indonesia menduduki peringkat kelima negara dengan persalinan preterm terbanyak yakni 675.700 persalinan pada tahun 2010. Berbagai faktor dihubungkan dengan penyebab terjadinya persalinan preterm, termasuk salah satunya adalah gangguan nutrisi selama kehamilan, terutama seng, selenium, besi dan tembaga. Tujuan: Penelitian ini membandingkan kadar seng, selenium, besi dan tembaga pada serum maternal ibu hamil normal dan preterm. Metode: Penelitian dilakukan dengan uji potong-lintang dengan subjek penelitian ibu hamil baik preterm maupun aterm yang akan melaksanakan persalinan di RSUPN Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo dan RS Budi Kemuliaan Jakarta pada Januari hingga April 2017. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membandingkan kadar masing-masing mikronutrien pada kedua kelompok subjek. Hasil: Dalam jangka waktu Januari hingga April 2017 didapatkan 53 subjek penelitian yakni 30 ibu hamil normal dan 23 ibu dengan kehamilan preterm. Seluruh subjek dimasukkan dalam analisis data. Kadar seng, selenium, besi dan tembaga pada ibu dengan kehamilan preterm secara berurutan adalah 42 g/dL, 72,39 g/L, 74 g/L, dan 2144,52 g/dL. Sedangkan kadar seng, selenium, besi dan tembaga pada ibu hamil normal secara berurutan adalah 42 g/dL, 67,27 g/L, 70,5 g/L, dan 2221 g/dL. Tidak ada perbedaan bermakna kadar mikronutrien pada kedua kelompok subjek. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan kadar seng, selenium, besi dan tembaga pada ibu hamil normal dan ibu dengan kehamilan preterm.

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Background: Preterm labor is delivery before 37 weeks of gestation. This preterm labor is still a worldwide burden. According to World Health Organization WHO report in 2010, Indonesia was ranked the fifth among other countries, with 675.700 preterm deliveries. Various factors were associated with the cause of preterm labour, including nutritional disorder in pregnancy, such as zinc, selenium, iron and copper.

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare zinc, selenium, iron and copper levels in maternal serum of normal and preterm pregnancy.

Methods: It is a cross sectional study with preterm and normal pregnant woman who will carry delivery in Dr. Ciptomangunkusumo National Hospital and Budi Kemuliaan Jakarta Hospital from January to April 2017. This study was conducted by comparing the levels of each micronutient in both groups of subjects.

Result: From January until April 2017, there were 53 subjects divided into 30 normal pregnant women and 23 preterm pregnant women. The levels of zinc, selenium iron and copper in preterm pregnancy were 42 g dL, 72,39 g L, 74 g L, and 2144,52 g dL. Levels of zinc, selenium, iron and copper ini normal pregnant women were 42 g dL, 67,27 g L, 70,5 g L, and 2221 g dL. There was no difference in micronutrients level in both groups.

Conclusion: This study concluded that there was no difference in zinc, selenium, iron and copper levels in normal and preterm pregnancy."

"Talasemia beta mayor merupakan suatu penyakit darah yang ditandai dengan tidak ada atau menurunnya produksi rantai protein beta dalam globulin yang mengakibatkan anemia mikrositik dengan derajat keparahan yang bervariasi. Perawatan untuk penderita talasemia beta mayor adalah dengan melakukan transfusi darah secara rutin. Kondisi gingivitis kerap kali juga ditemukan pada anak talasemia beta mayor. Adanya produksi sIgA saliva merupakan suatu tanda aktifnya respons imun humoral dalam rongga mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kadar sIgA saliva pada penderita gingivitis antara anak talasemia beta mayor dan anak normal. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 32 anak dengan gingivitis moderat berusia 5-8 tahun, 16 anak penderita talasemia beta mayor dan 16 anak normal. Sampel saliva yang diambil diukur kadar sIgA salivanya dengan menggunakan metode ELISA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara kadar sIgA saliva anak talasemia beta mayor dan anak normal dengan hasil rerata pada anak talasemia beta mayor 186.136 ± 92.342 μg/mL dan anak normal 111.541 ± 71.000 μg/mL. Pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar sIgA saliva penderita gingivitis antara anak talasemia beta mayor dan anak normal.

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Thalassemia beta major is a blood disorder that is characterized by a decrease or absence of beta protein chain production in globulins, which caused various degree of microcytic anemia. People with thalassemia beta major require scheduled blood transfusion as treatment. Gingivitis is a common oral finding, especially in children with the disorder. The production of salivary IgA (sIgA) is a sign of active humoral immune response in the oral cavity.

The purpose of this research is to analyze the difference of salivary IgA between thalassemia beta major children and normal children, both having gingivitis. Thirty-two children aged 5-8 years old with moderate gingivitis were taken as subjects, consisting of 16 thalassemia beta major children and 16 normal children. The level of salivary IgA was measured with ELISA method.

The result showed a significant difference of salivary IgA levels between thalassemia beta major children (186.136 ± 92.342 μg/mL) and normal children (111.541 ± 71.000 μg/mL). In conclusion there is a significant difference of salivary IgA levels in thalassemia beta major children with gingivitis and normal children with gingivitis."

"ABSTRAKLatar belakang dan tujuan : Saraf optikus merupakan saraf kranial kedua yang mempersarafi bola mata dan diselubungi oleh selubung saraf optikus. Pelebaran selubung saraf optikus pada umumnya disebabkan peningkatan tekanan intrakranial. Deteksi dini peningkatan tekanan intrakranial sangatlah kritikal tetapi sering kali sulit dilakukan. Hal ini dikarenakan pemeriksaan tekanan intrakranial secara invasif bukan merupakan pemeriksaan yang rutin dikerjakan dan terdapat keterbatasan alat. Karena itu, pemeriksaan MRI sequence T2WI fat suppressed dapat membantu dalam mengevaluasi peningkatan tekanan intrakranial melalui pengukuran selubung saraf optikus dengan cara non-invasif. Metode : Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang untuk mengetahui rasio normal selubung saraf optikus terhadap saraf optikus anak berdasarkan pengukuran MRI menggunakan data primer di Departemen Radiologi RSCM mulai bulan September 2015 sampai Juli 2016, dengan jumlah sampel 20. Pengukuran dilakukan dengan jarak 3 mm di belakang bola mata. Hasil : Rasio selubung saraf optikus dibandingkan saraf optikus pada anak adalah 1,83 dengan simpang baku 0,06. Rerata diameter selubung saraf optikus pada anak-anak adalah 4,41 mm dengan simpang baku 0,16 dan rerata diameter saraf optikus pada anak-anak adalah 2,41 dengan simpang baku 0,15. Kesimpulan : Nilai normal rasio selubung saraf optik terhadap saraf optik pada anak-anak dapat digunakan sebagai parameter non-invasif untuk evaluasi tekanan intrakranial.

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ABSTRACTBackground and Objective Optic nerve is innervate both eyes and covered by a sheath. Widening of the optic nerve sheath are mainly due to increased intracranial pressure. Early detection is critical but difficult to do. This is because the invasive intracranial pressure measurement is not a routine examination done. Therefore, MRI T2WI fat suppressed can be very helpful in evaluating the increased intracranial pressure. Methods The study was conducted with a cross sectional design to determine the normal ratio of optic nerve sheath against optic nerve in children based on MRI measurement using primary data at the Department of Radiology RSCM, from September 2015 until July 2016, with total sample is 20. Measurements were made at 3 mm behind the eyeball. Results The ratio of the optic nerve sheath against optic nerve in children is 1.83 with 0.06 standard deviations. The mean diameter of the optic nerve sheath in children are 4.41 mm with 0.16 standard deviations and the mean diameter of the optic nerve in children is 2.41 with 0.15 standard deviations. Conclusions Normal ratio of the optic nerve sheath against the optic nerve in children can be used as parameters for evaluation of non invasive intracranial pressure."

"Banization is one of the causes of dietary changes creating dual form malnutrition. Susilowati (1997) discovered this condition occurred at national level and within households in East Jakarta. Lower energy expenditure and higher energy intake were predicted as potential risk of overweight, opposite to underweight status. This cross sectional survey aimed to explore the dietary intake and physical activity which resulted dual form malnutrition by comparing overweight mothers having underweight children and their normal counterparts. In this study, 81 pairs of mothers and their under fives were recruited for dietary intake, nutritional status and physical activity assessment and divided into two groups: the case group consisting of overweight or obese mothers with their underweight children, and the normal grove comprised of normal mothers with their normal children. Repeated 3 days.24-hour recall food intake of mothers and children, as well as physical activity of mothers but only one day of physical activity data for the children, were collected followed by ale day 24-hour recall plus observation from 08.00 to 16.00 for activities of sub sample children. Mean energy and macronutrients intake of the case mothers was higher than their normal peers, but there was no statistical significant difference between groups, which might be due to under reported energy intake. Estimated BMR and energy expenditure of the case mothers were significantly higher than their normal counterparts, though there was no difference in their PAL. Notorious energy balance was discovered after subtracting energy intake and expenditure, which might be due to under-reported energy intake. After adjustment by age and sex, statistical significant difference was found in energy intake and PAL. BMR and energy expenditure of the underweight children was lower significantly in contrasted to the others. Negative energy balance was discovered among the case children, opposite to positive energy balance of the normal peers. This research was part of a Multi-center study, Dietary Transition and Health in Asia."

"LATAR BELAKANG : Gangguan implantasi pada awal kehamilan menyebabkanIskemia plasenta dan dapat berakibat preeklamsia pada kemudian hari. Pada tahapselanjutnya iskemia plasenta menghasilkan radikal bebas dan berakibat stres oksidatif.Preeklamsia merupakan hasil dari ketidakseimbangan antara produksi radikal bebasdengan antioksidan sehingga terjadi reaksi inflamasi berlebihan pada kehamilan yangberakibat disfungsi endotel. Antioksidan dan inflamasi dalam tubuh ditentukan oleh statusgizi seseorang yang dinilai dari kadar serum ibu seperti seng, selenium, besi dan tembaga.Oleh karena itu perlu penelitian untuk menilai status gizi mikro dengan preeklamsia. TUJUAN : Diketahuinya perbedaan kadar seng, selenium, besi tembaga, danrasio tembaga seng serum maternal pada preeklamsia dibandingkan kehamilan normal. METODE : Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel30 preeklampia dan 30 normal yang melakukan persalinan di RS Cipto Mangunkusumodan RSUD Tangerang. Pasien diambil darah untuk kemudian diproses menjadi serum danlalu diukur kadarnya. Setelah itu data disajikan dalam tabel dan dianalisis dengan uji ttidakberpasangan. Penelitian ini sudah lolos kaji etik dan mendapat persetujuanpelaksanaan dari Komite Etik Penelitian Kesehatan FKUI-RSCM. HASIL : Kadar serum seng pada preeklamsia dan normal adalah 45,03?10,84dan 41,37?10,59 ?g/dl dengan p=0,868, IK 95 3,66 -1,87-9,21 . Kadar seleniumadalah 84,93?13,67 dan 65,03?15,28 ?g/l dengan p=0,445, IK 95 19,9 12,4-27,39 .Kadar besi 115,77?49,14 dan 75,63?43,79 ?g/dl dengan p=0,409, IK 95 40,13 16,0964,17 .Kadar tembaga 219,85?45,92 dan 207,98?47,66 ?g/dl dengan p=0,73 IK 95 118,63 -123,25-360,52 dan rasio tembaga seng 5,15?1,54 dan 4,96?1,62 dengan p=0,803 1,9 IK 95 -6,25-10,06. KESIMPULAN : Terdapat perbedaan rerata kadar selenium dan besi pada preeklamsiadengan kehamilan normal namun tidak berbeda bermakna secara statistik. Tidak terdapatperbedaan rerata kadar seng, tembaga dan rasio tembaga seng pada preeklamsia dengankehamilan normal.

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BACKGROUND: Poor implantation in early pregnancy lead to placental ischemia wasthe pathogenesis of preeclampsia. On further stage, placenta ischemia generated oxidativestress. Preeclampsia was a manifestation of the free radical and antioxidant imbalanceresulting inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Antioxidant dan inflammation wasdetermined by nutrition status that measured in maternal serum such zinc, selenium, ironand copper. Therefore, measuring micronutritional status in preeclampsia was needed.

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the mean difference of zinc, selenium, iron, copper, andcopper zinc ratio of maternal serum in preeclampsia comparing healthy pregnancy.

METHOD: This was a cross sectional study enrolled 30 preeclampsia patientsand 30 healthy pregnancy visiting Cipto Mangunkusumo and Tangerang Hospital. Bloodwas withdrawed from vein for further processed. Data was presented in table and wasanalyzed by unpaired t test. This study had been granted ethical clearence and approvedby Ethical Committee for Health Research Faculty of Medicine University of IndonesiaCipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.

RESULTS: The zinc maternal serum level in preeclampsia and healthypregnancy were 45.03 10.84 and 41.37 10.59 g dl, p 0.868, 95 CI 3.66 1.87 9.21 respectively. Selenium level were 84.93 13.67 and 65.03 15.28 g l, p 0.445, 95 CI19.9 12.4 27.39 . Iron level were 115.77 49.14 and 75.63 43.79 g dl, p 0.409, 95 CI40.13 16.09 64.17 . Copper level were 219.85 45.92 dan 207.98 47.66 g dl, p 0.7395 CI 118.63 123.25 360.52 and copper to zinc ratio were 5.15 1.54 and 4.96 1.62dengan p 0.803, 1.9 95 CI 6.25 10.06.

CONCLUSION: Selenium and iron level in preeclampsia and healthy pregnancy weresignificantly difference. However, it was not significance statistically. Zinc, copper andcopper to zinc ratio were not significantly different."