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"ABSTRACTPenelitian ini mengangkat tema kebijakan insentif pajak pada sisi penawaran untuk kendaraan listrik berdasarkan tingginya insiden konsumsi bahan bakar kendaraan dan perubahan iklim serta polusi akibat gas emisi gas buang kendaraan sehingga perlu menerapkan penggunaan kendaraan listrik. Masalah utama adalah bahwa masih belum ada kebijakan insentif pajak khusus untuk pengembangan industri kendaraan listrik di Indonesia sehingga peneliti menganalisis kebijakan industri dan insentif pajak di Cina, Norwegia dan Thailand serta Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe deskriptif yang memperoleh data melalui studi pustaka dan wawancara. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah kebijakan negara Tiongkok dari pemerintah pusat yang juga didukung oleh pemerintah daerah dengan pemberian insentif, kota percontohan dan anggaran penelitian. Norwegia mengeluarkan kebijakan kendaraan listrik untuk mengurangi emisi kendaraan dan insentif pajak dan non-pajak diberikan untuk mengurangi harga dan biaya operasi kendaraan listrik. Thailand mengeluarkan kebijakan untuk investasi dalam produksi kendaraan listrik dalam bentuk pembebasan pajak, pembebasan bea masuk atas barang modal dan pengurangan tarif cukai. Negara Indonesia hanya memiliki Rencana Umum Energi Nasional yang merupakan salah satu isinya dalam diversifikasi energi kendaraan dengan penggunaan kendaraan listrik dan target pada tahun 2025, sementara insentif pajak yang ada adalah pembebasan pajak dan pembebasan bea masuk atas barang modal dan pengurangan BBNKB di Kota Bandung. Belum ada ketentuan insentif pajak oleh pemerintah pusat untuk sisi permintaan dan tampaknya ada insentif dalam bentuk transfer sumber daya ekonomi, kehilangan pendapatan negara dan dampak lainnya. Karena itu Indonesia perlu merencanakan industri kendaraan lintas sektor dan pemerintah, selain memberikan insentif untuk sisi permintaan dan memperhatikan proyeksi dampak yang akan muncul.

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ABSTRACTThis study raises the theme of tax incentive policies on the supply side for electric vehicles based on the high incidence of vehicle fuel consumption and climate change as well as pollution due to gas emissions of vehicle exhaust gas so it is necessary to apply the use of electric vehicles. The main problem is that there is still no specific tax incentive policy for the development of the electric vehicle industry in Indonesia so researchers analyzed industry policies and tax incentives in China, Norway and Thailand as well as Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type that obtains data through literature studies and interviews. The results of this study are Chinese state policies from the central government which are also supported by local governments by providing incentives, pilot cities and research budgets. Norway issued an electric vehicle policy to reduce vehicle emissions and provided tax and non-tax incentives to reduce the price and operating costs of electric vehicles. Thailand issued a policy for investment in the production of electric vehicles in the form of tax exemptions, exemption from import duties on capital goods and reduction of excise tariffs. The State of Indonesia only has a National Energy General Plan which is one of its contents in the diversification of vehicle energy with the use of electric vehicles and targets by 2025, while the existing tax incentives are tax exemptions and exemption from import duties on capital goods and BBNKB reduction in the city of Bandung. There is no provision of tax incentives by the central government for the demand side and there seems to be incentives in the form of transfer of economic resources, loss of state revenues and other impacts. Therefore Indonesia needs to plan the cross-sector and government vehicle industry, in addition to providing incentives for the demand side and paying attention to the projected impacts that will emerge."

"Supply-side tax policy is generally identified with tax cut and other forms of tax incentives. Nevertheless, there are many other forms of tax policy that give larger space for private sectors to increase their productivity. It is this enlarged meaning and essence of supply-side tax policy that need to be reconstructed to hinder the policy from being trapped into tax incentive polemic. By understanding its philosophy, the concept of supply-side tax policy can be reconstructed through regulations and deregulations. Government should develop regulations on specific transactions unambiguously in order to minimize tax dispute. Simultaneously, cost of taxation for government and private sector will be reduced. The other available alternative is deregulation that will remove unfavorable tax provisions, i.e. those that create cost of taxation or cash flow distortion. This construction of supply-side tax policy is better than tax incentives since it neither intrude the government ability to generate revenue nor generate tax expenditure."

"Penelitian ini membahas implementasi kebijakan PPN atas impor/penyerahan kapal di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis kebijakan PPN yang pernah dan/atau masih berlaku terkait PPN atas impor/penyerahan kapal, menganalisis implementasi kebijakan PPN dibebaskan atas impor/penyerahan kapal, serta menganalisis faktor penghambat pelaksanaan PPN Dibebaskan atas impor/penyerahan kapal. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa kebijakan PPN yang pernah dan/atau masih digunakan atas impor/penyerahan kapal adalah PPN DTP dan PPN Dibebaskan. Implementasi kebijakan PPN Dibebaskan lebih banyak dimanfaatkan pada impor kapal dibanding penyerahan kapal dalam negeri. Hambatan utama dari implementasi kebijakan ini adalah Surat Keterangan Bebas PPN.

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This study discusses the implementation of VAT policies on the import/delivery of the vessels in Indonesia. The research objectives are to analyze the VAT policy that once and/or still valid on the import/delivery of the vessels, to analyze the implementation of VAT exemption policy on the import/delivery of the vessels, and to analyze the factors inhibiting the implementation of the VAT Exemption for import/delivery of the vessels. This study is a qualitative descriptive research design.

The study concludes that the VAT policies that once and/or is used for import/delivery of the vessels are VAT borne by government and VAT Exemption. The implementation of VAT exemption policy more widely used on vessels imported than domestic delivery. The main barrier of implementation of policy on the VAT Exemption import/delivery of the vessels is certificate free of VAT."

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai pemberian Fasilitas Pembebasan Bea Masuk dan Pajak Dalam Rangka Impor yang diberikan bagi Barang Operasi Perminyakan dalam Industri Hulu Minyak dan Gas Bumi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yaitu penelitian terhadap norma-norma dalam peraturan perundang-undangan. Dapat dikatakan, penelitian ini adalah penelitian problem-identification yang berupaya untuk menengarai suatu masalah dan memperjelas duduk perkaranya. Oleh karena itu, sifat penelitian ini adalah deskriptif, yaitu mendeskripsikan suatu gejala dan menganalisisnya berdasarkan ketentuan-ketentuan hukum yang berlaku. Data dari penelitian ini sebagian besar melalui studi kepustakaan dan wawancara terhadap nara sumber. Hasil penelitian Penulis, Fasilitas ini belum digunakan secara maksimal walaupun dalam peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku telah diatur prosedur pelaksanaan dari Fasilitas ini. Fasilitas yang tersedia saat ini belum dimanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin sehingga menimbulkan dampak yang merugikan baik bagi Pemerintah maupun bagi Kontraktor Kontrak Kerja Sama.

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This thesis divulges the execution of Importation Tax and Customs Exemption which is given to Operational Oil and Gas goods in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry. This research utilizes the normative judicial approach through research of prevailing norms and subsequent legislation and regulations. Further more, this research can be categorized as a problem identification research as it seeks to identify the outlying problem and clarify its root cause. Thus, the nature of this research is descriptive which is to provide a thorough description of all its symptoms and conduct a comparative analysis against applicable law and regulations. Data for this research was mostly obtained from literary research and also interviews with industry sources.

This paper concludes that the current tax and customs exemption scheme has not been utilized to its fullest potential and causes loss both to the Government and the various Production Sharing Contractors despite the fact that procedures for executing this facility has been clearly outlined in relevant government regulations."

"Pajak adalah sumber penerimaan negara terbesar dan akan semakin penting. Ratarata kontribusi penerimaan pajak terhadap total penerimaan APBN mencapai 70% tiap tahun. Semakin penting dan kompleksnya pajak menuntut cara dan strategi baru dalam pemungutan pajak. Kebijakan perpajakan yang didasarkan pada pendekatan ekonomi atau penerimaan (revenue-based approach) tidak memadai lagi karena sering mengabaikan dimensi keadilan pajak. Tesis ini mengajukan model pendekatan partisipatoris-demokratis yang berbasis tawar-menawar (bargaining-based approach) antara negara-warganegara sebagai model baru yang lebih menjanjikan. Partisipasi publik dibuka seluas-luasnya, dukungan diagregasi, dan kontestasi gagasan yang diskursif diwadahi. Dengan demikian kebijakan perpajakan akan lebih efektif sebagai bagian kebijakan publik yang transformatif. Studi kasus kebijakan perpajakan terhadap perempuan menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan yang tidak harmonis atau sinkron menimbulkan distorsi dan diskriminasi. Di sisi lain, tampak partisipasi dan kesadaran publik masih rendah, dan dinamika internal birokrasi ternyata memberi peluang dan ruang perubahan yang cukup menjanjikan. Optimalisasi tax expenditure sebagai bagian dari strategi kebijakan perpajakan juga mendesak dipraktikkan. Di satu sisi tuntutan akan kepatuhan pajak ditingkatkan, di sisi lain pemastian alokasi belanja publik yang tepat sasaran dan mendorong peningkatan kesejahteraan, keadilan, dan kesetaraan dijamin.

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Tax is the largest source of government revenue. It will be more important in the future. The average contribution of tax to total government revenue is about 70%. While tax is more important and complex matter, it also demand a new strategy because often neglecting the justice aspect. This thesis proposes a new approach named bargaining-based approach between state and citizen as an alternative and possible promising model. The public participation is widely opened, the endorsement aggregated, and contested discursive ideas are accomodated. It means that tax policy will be more effective as a part of a transformative public policy. The thesis studying the tax policy on woman that shows not harmonious and quite discriminative. On other side, there are quite clear low public participation and awareness, but there is also exist an internal dynamic of the bureaucracy that show the chance to achieve a promising change. Tax expenditure optimalization as a part of tax policy sstrategy also urgent to be applied. There are exist a high demand on tax compliance but also public spending that will be more accountable and give a good impact on public welfare and equality."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi implementasi tax expenditure untuk Pajak Dalam Rangka Impor (PDRI). Kondisi saat ini, laporan tax expenditure belum mencerminkan seluruh insentif pajak dalam rangka impor yang diberikan sehingga terdapat pemberian insentif pajak yang belum diperhitungkan jumlah tax expenditure. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan studi pustaka dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertama, belum adanya persamaan persepsi mengenai benchmark tax sehingga laporan tax expenditure belum menyeluruh, penyediaan manajemen informasi belum memadai sehingga pengumpulan data terkendala, evaluasi dan penilaian dampak terhadap pelaksanaan tax expenditure dalam rangka impor belum dilaksanakan sehingga tidak dapat diketahui efektivitas pemberian insentif pajak tersebut, meskipun demikian struktur kelembagaan pengelolaan tax expenditure sudah memadai serta sudah ada upaya untuk mengintegrasikan tax expenditure dengan APBN. Kedua, tantangan yang dihadapi pemerintah dalam pelaksanaan tax expenditure adalah menilaian ketepatan penggunaan tax expenditure, kapasitas administrasi dalam pengelolaan tax expenditure dan pelaporan tax expenditure yang real time, sistematis dan komprehensif. Saran yang diberikan dalam penelitian ini adalah pemerintah perlu mengkaji ulang benchmark tax khususnya dalam menentukan PPh Pasal 22 impor, membangun database yang terintegrasi serta menggunakan skema evidance-based policy dalam melakukan evaluasi tax expenditure sehingga mampu memberikan pertimbangan objektif bagi kebijakan pajak.

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This study aims to evaluate the implementation of tax expenditure for import taxes. Nowdays, tax expenditure report, yet it has not presented the entire amount of tax incentives on the provided import. This study uses qualitative approch with data collcetion through literature study and in-depth interview. The result reveal that first, it has not clear define regarding benchmark tax, making the report nit comprehensive, inadequate provision of information management, evaluation and assessment of impact on the provision of tax incentives on import has not been performed, so that the effectiveness and efficiency of tax incentives provision cannot be determined. Nevertheless, the institutional structure of the tax expenditure management is adequate and government seeks to integrate tax expenditure with the APBN. Second, challenges in implementing tax expenditure are evaluating the proper use of tax expenditure, administrative capacity in managing tax expenditure, and generate tax expenditure that are real time, systematic and comprehensive.  The study suggest that the government needs to review the benchmark tax, especially in determining Income Tax Article 22 on import, develop integrated database to support data collecting and using evidance-based policy to evaluate tax expenditure, so able to provide objective consideration for future tax policy."