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"Oil palm development is important for Indonesias economy. However, it has some issues regarding economic and environmental performance should be considered. This paper revealed the relation of gross regional domestic product (GRDP), unemployment rate, environmental quality index and oil palm plantation and oil palm production. This study utilises panel data regression analysis using time dimension 2007 to 2017 in Indonesia. This paper uses two independent variables, oil palm plantation and oil palm production. It has three dependent variables as follows: gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita, unemployment rate and environmental quality index. Furthermore, it seems that oil palm plantation has insignificant correlation to gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita. However, oil palm production has negatively correlated to gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita. Additionally, both oil palm plantation and oil palm production have negative relationship with unemployment rate.

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Pengembangan kelapa sawit penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Namun, ada beberapa hal yang berkaitan dengan perekonomian dan lingkungan hidup yang harus diperhatikan. Makalah ini mengungkapkan hubungan produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB), tingkat pengangguran, indeks kualitas lingkungan dan perkebunan kelapa sawit serta produksi kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis regresi data panel dengan menggunakan dimensi waktu mulai 2007 sampai dengan 2017 di Indonesia. Makalah ini menggunakan dua variabel independen, perkebunan kelapa sawit dan produksi kelapa sawit. Selain itu juga menggunakan tiga variabel dependen, sebagai berikut: produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB) per kapita, tingkat penganggurana dan indeks kualitas lingkungan. Hasilnya adalah tampaknya perkebunan kelapa sawit memiliki korelasi yang tidak signifikan dengan produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB) per kapita. Namun, produksi kelapa sawit berkorelasi positif dengan produk domestik bruto (PDRB) per kapita. Selain itu, perkebunan kelapa sawit dan produksi kelapa sawit memiliki hubungan negatif dengan tingkat pengangguran."

"Dalam rangka meningkatkan daya saing industri nasional, Pemerintah menetapkan kebijakan untuk mengembangkan industri hilir kelapa sawit yang salah satu klaster prioritasnya berlokasi di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Terkait hal tersebut diperlukan penelitian mengenai dampak pengembangan industri pengolahan kelapa sawit terhadap perekonomian Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metodologi Input - Output dengan simulasi investasi pada industri pengolahan kelapa sawit. Sektor kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu sektor kunci pada Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dan memiliki angka pengganda output sebesar 1,324568, angka pengganda pendapatan biasa sebesar 0,283317 dan pengganda pendapatan Tipe I sebesar 1,262833. Sedangkan angka pengganda lapangan kerja biasa dari sektor tersebut adalah 0,0000510 dan angka pengganda lapangan kerja Tipe I sebesar 1.1629549. Dengan suntikan investasi pada industri pengolahan kelapa sawit sebesar Rp2,3 trilyun berdampak pada peningkatan output sebesar 0,89%, pada peningkatan pendapatan sebesar 0,72% dan pada peningkatan lapangan kerja sebesar 4,63%. Dampak peningkatan output, pendapatan dan lapangan kerja tersebut tidak terlalu besar diperkirakan karena masih lemahnya kaitan antar industri pengolahan tersebut dan dikarenakan sebagian besar produk CPO langsung diekspor ke luar wilayah dan belum diolah lebih lanjut pada industri lainnya.

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In order to improve national industries competitiveness, Government has establishes a policy to develop palm oil industries with its prioritized cluster in East Kalimantan Province. This policy equals to East Kalimantan vision to be the leading centre of agro industry supported by the availability of palm oil. Therefore, research about impact analysis of palm oil industries towards East Kalimantan?s economy is needed. Research is done by using Input ? Output Analysis, by identifying key sectors, calculating multiplier impact, and exercising the simulation of investment on palm oil industries.The palm plantation sector is one of the key sectors and it has output multiplier in amount of 1,324568, its regular income multiplier is 0,283317and its Type I income multiplier is 1,262833. Meanwhile, its regular employment opportunity multiplier is 0,0000510and its Type I employment opportunity multiplier is 1,1629549. With 2,3trillion rupiahs investment, the output multiplier increases by 0,89%, the income multiplier increases by 0,72%, and employment opportunity increases by 4,63%. This insignificant impact is happened presumably because the weak linkage between palm oil industries and because the majority of CPO production are going straight to be exported without being processed further in domestic industries."

"Lifecycle biodiesel memiliki emisi gas rumah kaca yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan emisi gas rumah kaca petroleum diesel. Penelitian ini meneliti tentang pengaruh skenario produksi terhadapa dampak lingkungan biodieseldi Indonesia. Lifecycle biodiesel memiliki rasio energi primer sebesar 0,59 dan rasio energi fosil yang dihasilkan sebesar 3,07. Padang rumput menghasilkan net emisi gas terkecil dibandingkan dengan hutan tropis dan hutan gambut. Pada variasi pemanfaatan produk samping, skenario A memiliki nilai rasio eco-eficiency terbesar yaitu 1,481 dibandingkan dengan skenario B sebesar 0,379. Jika harga jual biodiesel lebih tinggi daripada minyak goreng, maka emisi gas rumah kaca lifecycle meningkat dengan bertambahnya alokasi pangan.

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The greenhouse gas emission of biodiesel lyfecycle is bigger than petroleum diesel. this research is emphasizing on the effect of biodiesel production scenario to Indonesian Biodiesel environment. Biodiesel lifecycle has primary energy ratio 0.59 and fossil energy ratio 3.07.

Degraded land produces the least nett emission gas compared to tropical jungle dan peadlane. In varying by-product utilization, scenario A yields the highest eco-efficiency ratio, 1.481 compared to scenario B, which is only 0.379. If the biodiesel selling price were higher than cooking oil than the greenhouse gas emission would increase as long as the food allocation does."

"Ketentuan hukum dari Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia yang memberikan perlindungan khusus untuk lingkungan dapat ditemukan dalam Pasal XX (b) dan (g) PUTP 1994, dan dapat ditemukan secara sempit dalam Perjanjian tentang Aplikasi Sanitasi dan Fitosanitasi Tindakan (Perjanjian SPS) dan Perjanjian tentang Hambatan Teknis untuk Perdagangan (TBTPersetujuan). Kebijakan itu bisa diterapkan oleh suatu negara di ranah perdagangan internasional ditujukan untuk melindungi lingkungan tidak dapat dilakukan semata-mata atas dasar ini tujuan. Sehubungan dengan ini, pada tahun 2011 Uni Eropa mengeluarkan Uni Eropa Peraturan No. 1169/2011 terkait dengan kebijakan kewajiban untuk melalui a proses sertifikasi standar, tetapi pihak Indonesia tidak mengajukan gugatankebijakan yang merugikan eksportir minyak sawit Indonesia melalui Penyelesaian Sengketa WTO Tubuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, dengan melakukan studi literatur Peraturan Pelabelan dengan sertifikasi minyak sawit berkelanjutan Indonesia kebijakan. Pelabelan minyak kelapa sawit bertujuan untuk melindungi kesehatan dari dugaan bahaya minyak sawit untuk kesehatan manusia, melestarikan hutan dunia, dan memberikan informasi kepada konsumen produk minyak sawit. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelabelan UE kebijakan produk minyak sawit Indonesia telah melanggar ketentuan GATT dan Perjanjian TBT, dan tidak dapat dibenarkan berdasarkan Pasal XX (b) atau (g) ​​PUTP 1994. Ini kebijakan dapat menimbulkan biaya dan kerugian daya saing produk minyak sawit. Ini kebijakan termasuk dalam kebijakan diskriminatif berdasarkan ketentuan GATT dan Perjanjian TBT. Pembenaran untuk hambatan terhadap perdagangan internasional harus bisa memenuhi unsur chapeau Pasal XX GATT, tidak hanya ketentuan dalam surat artikel saja.

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Legal provisions of the World Trade Organization that provide special protection for the environment can be found in Article XX (b) and (g) PUTP 1994, and can be found in full in the Agreement on Sanitation and Phytosanitary Applications, the Agreement Signing Agreement and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT Approval). That policy can be applied by a country in the realm of international trade aimed at protecting the environment cannot be done free of charge. In connection with this, in 2011 the European Union issued the European Union Regulation No. 1169/2011 related to policy requirements through a standard certification process, but the Indonesian side did not request a lawsuit WTO Body. This study uses a normative juridical method, by conducting a study of the Labeling Regulations literature with palm oil certification managed by Indonesia. Palm oil labeling to protect health from the suspected danger of palm oil for human health, preserve the world's forests, and provide information to consumers of palm oil products. The results of this study indicate that the EU labeling of Indonesian palm oil product policies has agreed to the provisions of the GATT and the TBT Agreement, and cannot be justified under Article XX (b) or (g) PUTP 1994. palm. This policy is included in a discrimination policy based on GATT provisions and the TBT Agreement. Article XX GATT, not only provisions in the article letter only."

"Bank di Indonesia telah menginisiasi kebijakan pembiayaan berkelanjutan sejak tahun 2016 yang diinisiasi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan di Indonesia. Salah satu fokus utama dari penerapan kebijakan itu pada Bank di Indonesia adalah pada industri kelapa sawit. Kebijakan keuangan berkelanjutan di Indonesia membuat Bank harus lebih memperhatikan risiko lingkungan dalam kegiatan pembiayaan. Penerbitan Laporan Keberlanjutan dan Rencana Aksi Keuangan Berkelanjutan tiap tahun juga menjadi kewajiban baru bagi Bank di Indonesia di bawah kebijakan ini. Fokus riset ini adalah untuk menganalisa kebijakan pembiayaan berkelanjutan pada industri kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan skema pembiayaan berkelanjutan bagi industri kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode campuran dalam pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa skema terkait keberlanjutan dapat diterapkan sebagai skema pembiayaan berkelanjutan bagi Industri kelapa sawit di Indonesia. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah target keberlanjutan yang harus diterapkan pada skema terkait keberlanjutan meliputi aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan.

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Banks in Indonesia have initiated sustainable financing policies since 2016 which were initiated by the Financial Services Authority in Indonesia. One of the main focuses of implementing this policy at Banks in Indonesia is the palm oil industry. Sustainable finance policies in Indonesia require Banks to pay more attention to environmental risks in financing activities. The annual issuance of a Sustainability Report and Action Plan for Sustainable Finance is also a new obligation for Banks in Indonesia under this policy. The focus of this research is to analyze sustainable financing policies in the palm oil industry in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to produce a sustainable financing scheme for the palm oil industry in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative approach with mixed methods in data collection. The results of this study indicate that the sustainable linked loan can be applied as a sustainable financing scheme for the palm oil industry in Indonesia. The conclusion of this research is that sustainability targets must be applied to sustainabile linked loan covering economic, social, and environmental aspects."

"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh ekspor minyak sawit terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia dan Malaysia dari tahun 1990 hingga 2021. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dampak ekspor minyak sawit terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Malaysia lebih besar dibandingkan dengan Indonesia. Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari sumber otoritatif seperti Trademap, CEIC, Bank Dunia, dan IMF, dan melakukan analisis multi-regresi. Variabel yang dipertimbangkan dalam analisis adalah Produk Domestik Bruto, Ekspor Minyak Sawit, Total Ekspor, dan Nilai Tukar. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan dari keempat variabel tersebut. Secara khusus, depresiasi nilai tukar berdampak positif terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto kedua negara.

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The objective of this research is to examine the effects of palm oil exports on the economic growth of Indonesia and Malaysia from 1990 to 2021. The analytical technique employed in this study is Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The findings of this research indicate that the impact of palm oil exports on Malaysia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is greater compared to Indonesia. This study utilized secondary data obtained from authoritative sources such as Trademap, CEIC, World Bank, and IMF, and conducted a multi-regression analysis. The variables considered in the analysis were Gross Domestic Product, Palm Oil Export, Total Export, and Exchange Rate. The results of the analysis demonstrated a significant influence of all four variables mentioned. Notably, the depreciation of the exchange rate had a positive effect on the Gross Domestic Product of both countries."

"Jejak karbon pada produk minyak sawit Indonesia telah dipelajari dan disimpulkan Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) menjadi salah satu penyumbang emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) di industri Kelapa Sawit. Menangkap emisi GRK dari POME dan memanfaatkannya sebagai sumber energi merupakan solusi yang banyak diajukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan beberapa skema pemanfaatan untuk menemukan skema yang paling layak dengan menggunakan analisis tekno-ekonomi. Kajian ini terbatas hanya di wilayah Indonesia dan terbatas untuk mengeksplorasi skema pemanfaatan dari tiga teknologi pemanfaatan biogas yaitu pembangkit listrik, pemanfaatan biogas secara langsung dan Biogas Terkompres (Compressed Biogas / CBG). Studi ini akan menggunakan dua Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (PKS) dari provinsi yang berbeda di Indonesia sebagai studi kasus. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa energi yang dihasilkan oleh PKS kurang dimanfaatkan oleh pasar yang ada serta harga energi konvensional lebih rendah dari harga energi yang dihasilkan oleh PKS. Kebijakan yang diusulkan untuk menghadapi temuan ini adalah regulasi wajib untuk menggunakan energi terbarukan dari PKS, penyesuaian tarif listrik FiT yang dihasilkan oleh energi terbarukan, membangun kompleks industri yang terintegrasi untuk menghubungkan kelebihan produksi energi, dan membangun mekanisme kredit karbon untuk menambahkan aliran pendapatan baru untuk PKS.

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Indonesia’s Palm oil Carbon foot print had been studied and concluded that Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is one of the contributor of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission in Palm Oil industry. Capturing GHG emission and utilize it as an energy source is the solution that widely proposed. This study aims to compares several utilization scheme to find the most feasible scheme by using techno-economic analysis. This study is limited only in Indonesia region and limited to explore utilization scheme from three biogas utilization technology i.e. electricity generation, direct biogas utilization and Compressed Biogas (CBG). This study would use two Palm Oil Mill (POM) from different province in Indonesia as a study case. The result of the study shows that the energy produced by POM is underutilized by the existing market, the price of conventional energy is lower than the energy that is produced by POM. The proposed policy to encounter these findings would be mandatory regulation to use renewable energy from POM, adjusting tariff for electricity FiT that is produced by renewable energy, establish an integrated industrial complex to interconnect the excess production of energy, and establish the carbon credit mechanism to add new revenue stream for POM."

"[ABSTRACTA number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective. The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.;A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level., A number of studies have examined the relationship between the oil palm plantation area and the poverty alleviation. Most of this study are conducted based on local research and, mainly, do not involve econometrics analysis to find the relationship. Palm oil is one of commoditiesthat is widely produced in Indonesia that makes this country the world leader of palm oil producers. With the large amount of oil palm plantation area in Indonesia, then it may have an effect on economic growth,which may relieve the poverty. Using panel data set of 33 province in Indonesia between 2006 and 2012, this paper tries to examine the effect of oil palm plantation on poverty alleviation in Indonesia.Moreover, this paper also aims to examine factors that may affect the expansion of oil palm plantation. In order to answer this objective, descriptive analysis is employed to discuss the determinant of oil palm expansion. Whereas, pooled OLS, fixed effect panel data model and random effect panel data model are employed in this paper, to asnwer the main objective.The results shows that govenment intervention is more likely to influence the expansion of oil palm plantation. Meanwhile, demand for palm oil product may have impact on the expansion in Indonesia. Empirical findings show that oil palm plantation has negatively significant effect on the number of poor people. This means that increasing oil palm plantation area may reduce the poverty level in Indonesia. In addition, regional per capita income, education, access on electriciy and population size also have negative relationship with the poverty. Mostly, the result supports the empirical evidence that an increase of the variables may reduce the poverty level.]"

"Sebagai produsen sawit terbesar di dunia, Indonesia seharusnya dapat mengendalikan perdagangan sawit pada pasar internasional. Disertasi ini membuktikan bahwa hilirisasi dapat memperkuat perekonomian nasional dengan meningkatkan nilai ekspor, menurunkan impor, menghemat devisa, sehingga menambah produk domestik bruto. hilirisasi meningkatkan produktivitas petani sawit, maupun industri pengolahan sawit, sehingga menyerap tenaga kerja lebih banyak. Hilirisasi membuat Indonesia memiliki kemampuan lebih besar dalam mengendalikan harga sawit internasional, karena industri sawit nasional tidak lagi tergantung pada ekspor. Besar kecilnya suplai sawit pada pasar internasional dikendalikan oleh Indonesia sesuai dengan besar kecilnya kebutuhan sawit di dalam negeri. Disertasi ini menyarankan strategi investasi, produksi dan ekspor serta kebijakan pengembangan hilirisasi industri sawit nasional. Pemerintah perlu memberikan insentif perpajakan untuk mengundang investasi pada produk hilir kelapa sawit pada tingkat akhir, seperti produk kosmetika, makanan kemasan, dan bahan bakar sawit. Kebijakan industri sawit dalam PP No. 74 Tahun 2022 tetap dilanjutkan dan dipercepat pelaksanaannya. Ekspor sawit perlu didukung oleh peraturan-peraturan yang lebih sederhana, serta pemberian insentif untuk ekspor produk hilir. Aktivitas bursa sawit Indonesia terus ditingkatkan sehingga pengendalian harga sawit internasional dapat berada di Indonesia.

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As the world's largest palm oil producer, Indonesia is expected to exert control over the palm oil trade in the international market. This dissertation demonstrates that downstreaming can fortify the national economy by increasing export value, diminishing imports, conserving foreign exchange, and consequently contributing to the gross domestic product. Downstreaming elevates the productivity of both palm oil farmers and processing industries, thereby fostering increased employment. It grants Indonesia a more considerable capacity to influence international palm oil prices, as the national palm oil industry is no longer reliant on exports. The magnitude of the palm oil supply in the international market is governed by Indonesia in accordance with the domestic demand for palm oil. This dissertation proposes strategies for investment, production, and export, along with policies for the downstreaming development in the national palm oil industry. The government needs to provide tax incentives to attract investment in downstream palm oil products at the final stage, such as cosmetics, packaged foods, and palm oil-based fuels. The policies outlined in the palm oil industry, as per Government Regulation (Peraturan Pemerintah) No. 74 of 2022, should persist and their implementation expedited. Palm oil exports require support through streamlined regulations and incentives for the export of downstream products. The activities of the Indonesian palm oil exchange should be intensified to maintain control over international palm oil within Indonesia.

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