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Ditemukan 3028 dokumen yang sesuai dengan query
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"Planning. Attention. Memory. Self-regulation. These and other core cognitive and behavioral operations of daily life comprise what we know as executive functioning (EF). But despite all we know, the concept has engendered multiple, often conflicting definitions, and its components are sometimes loosely defined and poorly understood. The Handbook of Executive Functioning cuts through the confusion, analyzing both the whole and its parts in comprehensive, practical detail for scholar and clinician alike. Background chapters examine influential models of EF, tour the brain geography of the executive system, and pose salient developmental questions. A section on practical implications relates early deficits in executive functioning to ADD and other disorders in children, and considers autism and later-life dementias from an EF standpoint. Further chapters weigh the merits of widely used instruments for assessing executive functioning and review interventions for its enhancement, with special emphasis on children and adolescents. Featured in the Handbook: The development of hot and cool executive function in childhood and adolescence. A review of the use of executive function tasks in externalizing and internalizing disorders. Executive functioning as a mediator of age-related cognitive decline in adults. Treatment integrity in interventions that target executive function. Supporting and strengthening working memory in the classroom to enhance executive functioning. The Handbook of Executive Functioning is an essential resource for researchers, scientist-practitioners, and graduate students in clinical child, school, and educational psychology; child and adolescent psychiatry; neurobiology; developmental psychology; rehabilitation medicine/​therapy; and social work. "
New York: Springer, 2014
612.8 HAN
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Sri Muji Rakhmawati
"Borderline Intellectual Functioning (BIF) memiliki populasi yang cukup besar dan sangat potensial untuk diteliti. Namun demikian, belum banyak penelitian yang memfokuskan diri pada partisipan BIF berkaitan dengan kemampuan executive function (EF) yang mereka miliki. Hal ini dapat disebabkan karena BIF dapat didefinisikan secara berbeda antara satu lembaga dengan lembaga yang lain, sehingga populasi yang besar ini justru sering kali terlewatkan dari pengamatan. EF sendiri yang dianggap sebagai salah satu cara yang paling efektif dalam mengukur fungsi kognitif pada kelompok BIF secara lebih menyeluruh, belum memiliki definisi yang disepakati oleh para peneliti. Hal ini menyebabkan EF dapat didefinisikan secara berbeda dan diukur dengan cara yang berbeda pula pada berbagai literature yang telah ada. Sementara itu, BIF yang didefinisikan secara berbeda pada masing-masing institusi tersebut diatas pun, pada akhirnya mengakibatkan kelompok BIF dalam penelitian EF yang ada digabungkan ke dalam satu kriteria yang sama dengan kelompok mild intellectual disability (MID) atau justru terlewatkan sehingga tidak termasuk dalam pembahasan penelitian.
Performa EF dari beberapa penelitian sebelumnya dinyatakan dipengaruhi oleh usia, tingkatan inteligensi dan jenis kelamin. Penelitian ini ingin mengangkat performa EF pada partisipan dengan BIF yang berusia 12 tahun 0 bulan sampai dengan 15 tahun 0 bulan, dibandingkan dengan kelompok chronological age (CA), mental age (MA), dan MID. Dengan membandingkan kelompok BIF dengan ketiga kelompok lainnya, diharapkan dapat tercermin kekuatan dan kelemahan EF pada kelompok BIF secara lebih spesifik. Pertanyaan penelitian yang diajukan adalah: (1) apakah terdapat perbedaan performa pada masingmasing subkomponen EF pada kelompok BIF dibandingkan dengan kelompok CA, MA, dan MID?; (2) Jika terdapat perbedaan performa pada masing-masing subkomponen EF tersebut, maka bagaimanakah gambaran kekuatan dan kelemahan kelompok BIF dibandingkan dengan ketiga kelompok lainnya; (3) Apakah jenis kelamin memiliki peranan yang berpengaruh pada performa EF, terutama pada generativity?; (4) Apakah tingkatan inteligensi dan jenis kelamin memiliki peranan terhadap perbedaan performa pada masing-masing subkomponen EF?
Hasil penelitian dari 121 partisipan yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan performa pada masing-masing subkomponen EF jika dilihat berdasarkan perbedaan tingkat inteligensi (kecuali pada subkomponen shifting), tetapi tidak pada performa berdasarkan perbedaan jenis kelamin, dan interaksi antara tingkatan inteligensi dan jenis kelamin. Perbedaan jenis kelamin yang sering dikaitkan dengan generativity pada penelitian sebelumnya tidak tercermin pada penelitian ini. Pada performa working memory, kelompok BIF memiliki performa yang lebih lemah dibandingkan dengan CA, namun lebih kuat jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok MA dan kelompok MID. Performa inhibition pada kelompok BIF setara dengan kelompok CA, namun lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan kelompok MA dan kelompok MID. Pada tugas shifting, kelompok BIF memiliki performa yang lebih lemah dibandingkan dengan kelompok CA, namun setara dengan kelompok MA dan kelompok MID. Performa kelompok BIF pada planning dan problem solving setara dengan kelompok CA dan kelompok MA, namun lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan kelompok MID. Sementara itu, pada generativity (verbal fluency phonemic letter S) kelompok BIF memiliki performa yang setara dengan kelompok CA dan kelompok MA, namun lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan kelompok MID. Disisi lain, pada generativity (verbal fluency semantic category binatang), performa kelompok BIF setara dengan kelompok CA namun lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan kelompok kelompok MA dan kelompok MID.
Penelitian ini berhasil memperlihatkan bahwa kelompok BIF memang memiliki pola performa EF yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan kelompok CA, kelompok MA, dan kelompok MID. Sudah seharusnya kelompok BIF tidak lagi digolongkan dalam kriteria yang sama dengan kelompok MID, melainkan justru memiliki kriteria tersendiri yang terpisah dari kelompok MID.

Borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) has considerable population and great potential for research. However, there is not much research that focuses their subjects relating to participants with BIF and their executive functions (EF). This is due to BIF that can be defined very differently from one institution to another, so that the large population is often overlooked from fact of observation.
EF itself is regarded as one of the best ways to measure cognitive function for individual with BIF, but has not yet reached the universal definition by the researchers. Thus, EF can be defined and measured differently in different ways. BIF different definition on each institution in turn, results of BIF group in EF research most of the time combined in the same criteria with a mild intellectual disability (MID) group or even overlooked altogether in research related to their EF. EF performance in some previous studies revealed to be influenced by age, level of intelligence, and sex. The aim of this study is to lift the EF performance in participants with BIF group age ranges from 12 years 0 months to 15 years 0 months, compared with chronological age (CA), mental age (MA), and MID groups. By comparing BIF group with the three other groups, is expected to reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of EF in BIF groups more specifically. The research question posed is: (1) whether there are differences in performance on each of EF subcomponents on BIF group compared with the CA, MA, and MID groups ?; (2) If there is a difference in performance on each of EF subcomponents, then how is the strengths and weaknesses of BIF group compared with the three other groups; (3) Does gender have an influential role in the performance of EF, especially on generativity ?; (4) Is the level of intelligence and gender has a role to differences in performance on each EF subcomponents?
The results of the 121 participants involved in this research showed that there are differences in performance on each of the EF subcomponents when viewed by the different levels of intelligence (except on shifting), but not in performance by gender, and the interaction between the levels of intelligence and gender. The gender differences which is often associated with generativity are not reflected this in previous study. In the performance of working memory, BIF group had a weaker performance compared to CA group, but more higher than the MA and MID groups. Inhibition performance on par with CA group, yet more stronger than the MA and MID groups. At shifting task, BIF group had a weaker performance compared to CA group, but equivalent to the MA and MID groups. BIF group performance in planning and problem solving are equivalent with CA and MA groups, yet more powerful than the MID group. Meanwhile, the generativity (verbal fluency phonemic letter S) BIF group has equivalentperformance to CA and MA groups, but yet still higher than the MID group. On the other hand on the generativity (semantic category verbal fluency animals), BIF group equivalent to the performance of the CAgroup yet more higher than the MA and MID groups.
This study successfully demonstrated that the BIF group does have a different pattern of EF performance compared to the CA, MA, and MID groups. BIF groups should no longer be classified under the same criteria as MID group, but rather has its own criteria separated from the MID group.
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Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2016
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UI - Disertasi Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Hoskyn, Maureen
"Childrens development of executive functions and the impact of these cognitive processes on childrens lives from the preschool to the upper elementary school years are reviewed in light of current research findings. Chapters in Part One of the text discuss prefrontal brain networks affiliated with executive functions; issues that concern the behavioral measurement of executive functions in clinical populations; the relationship between executive functions and other cognitive (theory of mind) and language processes (plurilingualism) that are emerging in young children; and how executive functions support the transition of children from home to school contexts. Chapters in Part Two of the book focus on individual differences in executive functions among children with disorders such as ASD and ADHD and how these findings can be used to inform intervention. Throughout the text, a focus is placed on exploring the influence of executive functioning on the lives of children at home as well as in school and community contexts."
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017
e20470553
eBooks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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New York: American Management Association, 1953
658.386 DEV
Buku Teks SO  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Faradila Azka
"Inteligensi merupakan salah satu faktor yang turut menentukan tingkat keparahan Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), dan memengaruhi perencanaan intervensi yang tepat. Skor IQ maupun komponen inteligensi yang sama antara anak typically develop (TD) dan anak dengan ASD dapat merefleksikan proses kognitif yang berbeda. Agar pemahaman terhadap profil kognitif pada ASD lebih komprehensif, diperlukan juga pemahaman tentang aspek neuropsikologisnya, salah satunya Executive Function (EF). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan profil inteligensi dan performa EF antara anak TD dan anak dengan High-Functioning ASD usia dini dengan menggunakan alat ukur SB-LM dan alat ukur Executive Function Indonesia (EFI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan profil inteligensi pada kedua kelompok, namun terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada EF komposit, berikut dua komponen EF yakni Inhibitory Control, dan Cognitive Flexibility. Selain itu, ditemukan perbedaan dalam korelasi antara variabel inteligensi dan EF antara kelompok ASD dan TD, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelompok ASD dan tipikal memiliki proses kognitif yang berbeda secara kualitatif. Berdasakan temuan ini, praktisi dan peneliti disarankan untuk melakukan pengukuran dan intervensi EF pada ASD, agar dapat diperoleh profil kognitif yang komprehensif yang akan sangat bermanfaat dalam menyusun intervensi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan akademiknya

Intelligence determines the severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and influences the appropriate intervention planning. IQ and scores of intelligence components between typically developed (TD) children and children with ASD reflect different underlying cognitive processes. Therefore, a comprehensive investigation of the neuropsychological strength and weaknesses of ASD may help to describe their cognitive abilities better and to design appropriate intervention. This study investigates the differences in intelligence profiles and EF performance between TD children and children with High-Functioning ASD at an early age using SB-LM and Executive Function Indonesia (EFI) measuring instrument. The results showed omit no differences in intelligence profile in the two groups, yet significant differences in the composite EF, Inhibitory Control, and Cognitive Flexibility. In addition, there was a difference in the correlation in intelligence and EF variables between the ASD and TD groups. Thus, it can be concluded that the ASD and TD groups have qualitatively different cognitive processes. A recommendetion derived from these results is that comprehensive EF assessment and treatment should be conducted as part of the global evaluation in ASD patients, primarily to design an intervention to enhance their academic area"
Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia, 2020
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UI - Tesis Membership  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Drucker, Peter Ferdinand, 1909-2005
New York: Harper & Row, 1996
658.4 DRU e
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Henshaw, Richard C.
Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, 1966
350 HEN e
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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New York: Doubleday, 1956
658.31 FOR e
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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Learned, Edmund P. (Edmund Philip), 1900-1991
Boston: Harvard University Press, 1951
658.312 4 LEA e
Buku Teks  Universitas Indonesia Library
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