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"ABSTRACTThe experimental field was planted at Pathum Thani Province to assess the effects of marigold and yardlong bean intercropping on a number of cowpea aphids, a number of natural enemies, growth and yield of yardlong bean and insect bio-diversity. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments each of which was replicated three times. Each of the 12 plots measured 7 m x 5 m in the experiment. The distance between inter and intra row spacing for all treatments was 70 x 50 cm with 1 m spacing between plots. The intercropping treatments were: sole yardlong bean (T1), 1 row of yardlong bean with 1 row of marigold (T2), 2 rows of yardlong bean with 1 row of marigold (T3) and 3 rows of yardlong bean with 1 row of marigold (T4). The results showed that intercropping yardlong bean with marigold had significant (p<0.05) effect on the number of cowpea aphids, the number of natural enemies, growth and yield of yardlong bean and insect bio-diversity when compared with the sole yardlong bean. The 1 row yardlong bean + 1 row marigold had the lowest number of cowpea aphids from week1 to week6 when compared with other intercropping. The 1 row yardlong bean + 1 row marigold were value with 26.32+1.24, 42.00+0.61, 65.33+1.69, 70.33+1.69, 110.66+1.24 and 145.00+1.63 aphids/ 5 yardlong, ladybird beetles (34.60 + 1.24), black ant (30.80 + 1.24) and spider (17.33 + 0.94), plant height and weight (42.25 + 0.82 cm and 2.75 + 0.82 kg) and insect bio-diversity (1.44). Therefore, intercropping yardlong bean with marigold is an effective practice in the control of cowpea aphids and enhancing insect bio-diversity."

"Jengkol merupakan makanan yang cukup populer karena rasa khasnya dan bau yang kuat di Indonesia. Meskipun diketahui punya pengaruh buruk terhadap saluran kemih, jengkol mengandung banyak gizi seperti protein, asam amino, lemak, mineral, dan juga beberapa vitamin. Selain itu jengkol mengandung suatu zat yg bernama asam jengkolat. Struktur molekular dari zat ini sangat mirip dengan struktur sistin, yang telah diketahui memiliki efek antioksidan. Oleh karena itu, jengkol memiliki potensi memiliki sifat antioksidan.Percobaan ini ingin melihat apakah ekstrak jengkol mampu memberikan efek antioksidan kepada sel darah merah domba SDMD . SDMD tersebut juga diberikan paparan oksidatif dengan menggunakan hidrogen peroksida dan divariasikan menjadi beberapa kelompok. Dengan begitu, efek protektif dan kuratif dari jengkol terhadap SDMD akan terlihat.Namun, hasil percobaan tidak seperti ekspektasi. SDMD yang diberikan jengkol saja memiliki tingkat methemoglobin yang tinggi, bahkan lebih tinggi daripada yang diberikan hidrogen peroksida saja. Campuran keduanya tentu menyebabkan tingkat methemoglobin yang jauh lebih tinggi. Dengan demikian, tidak terbukti bahwa jengkol memiliki sifat antioksidan, bahkan menurut hasil ternyata jengkol kemungkinan besar bersifat peroksidan.

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Jengkol is a popular food in Indonesia, known for its distinctive taste and strong odor. Despite being known to give bad effect to the urinary tract system, jengkol contain vital nutritions such as protein, amino acid, fat, minerals, and several vitamins. Other than that, its bean is known to contain a substance called Djenkolic acid. This substance is molecularly similar to cystine, which has been known to have antioxidant effect. Therefore, Jengkol has potential to have antioxidant characteristic.This study want to see whether jengkol water extract is able to give antioxidant effect to sheep red blood cells SRBC . These SRBC also exposed to oxidative stress with the help of hydrogen peroxide and the treatments are varieted into several groups. Therefore, the protective and curative effect of jengkol can be observed.Unfortunately, the results are not what is expected. SRBC treated with only jengkol have a high methemoglobin level, even higher than treated with only hydrogen peroxide. A combination of both also shows high methemoglobin level. Therefore, it is not proven that jengkol have antioxidant characteristics. Even from the result, indicate that jengkol may very well be peroxidant."

"Osteoporosis yang paling umum terjadi adalah kehilangan massa tulang karena defisiensi hormon estrogen pada saat menopause. Kondisi hipoestrogen menyebabkan peningkatan aktivitas osteoklas sehingga massa tulang berkurang yang menandakan terjadinya penurunan deposit kalsium tulang. Kondisi hipoestrogen dapat meningkatkan perlemakan sumsum tulang sehingga pembentukan tulang dapat terganggu. Ekstrak buah kacang panjang dan umbi bawang dayak terbukti memiliki efek terhadap tulang, karena potensi kandungan senyawa daidzein dan eleuterinol yang dapat berikatan secara selektif dengan reseptor estrogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian kombinasi ekstrak etanol 70 umbi bawang dayak Eleutherine bulbosa Mill. Urb. dan buah kacang panjang Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. terhadap kadar kalsium tulang tibia, berat tulang tibia, dan nilai skoring perlemakan sumsum tulang tibia tikus hipoestrogen yang dibandingkan dengan pemberian ekstrak buah kacang panjang tunggal. Penelitian ini menggunakan 32 tikus putih betina Sprague-Dawley yang dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok. Kelompok sham diberikan larutan CMC 0,5, kelompok negatif diberikan larutan CMC 0,5, kelompok positif diberikan raloksifen dosis 1,08 mg/200 g BB, kelompok kacang panjang diberikan ekstrak kacang panjang dosis 100 mg/200 g BB, kelompok dosis diberikan kombinasi ekstrak etanol 70 umbi bawang dayak dan buah kacang panjang dengan variasi dosis berturut-turut 36 mg/200 g; 100 mg/200 g BB, 18 mg/200 g; 100 mg/200 g BB, 9 mg/200 g; 100 mg/200 g BB, dan 4,5 mg/200 g; 100 mg/200 g BB. Ovariektomi dilakukan pada semua kelompok kecuali kelompok sham untuk memperoleh kondisi hipoestrogen. Setelah empat minggu operasi, tikus diberi ekstrak secara peroral setiap hari selama 28 hari. Penetapan kadar kalsium tulang tibia, berat tulang tibia, dan nilai skoring perlemakan sumsum tulang tibia dilakukan pada hari ke-29. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak umbi bawang dayak dan buah kacang panjang dapat meningkatkan secara signifikan kadar kalsium tulang dan berat tulang tibia, serta dapat menurunkan nilai skoring perlemakan sumsum tulang tibia lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ekstrak kacang panjang tunggal.

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The most common of osteoporosis is bone loss due to estrogen hormone deficiency at menopause. Hypoestrogen conditions cause increasing osteoclast activity resulting in bone loss that indicated low level of bone calcium. Hypoestrogen conditions could increase the bone marrow fat resulting in impaired bone formation. Cowpea and dayak onion bulbs extracts are proven have effect on bone, cause the content of daidzein and eleutherinol has been known that have affinity to bind with estrogen receptor selectively. This study aimed to determined the effects of dayak onion bulbs and cowpea extract combination on the level of tibia bone calcium, tibia bone weight, and the scoring of tibia bone marrow fat in the hypoestrogen rats compared with single dose of cowpea extract. This study used 32 female white Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups. The sham group was given CMC 0,5, negative group was given CMC 0,5, positive group was given raloxifene 1,08 mg 200 g BW, long bean group was given long bean extract 100 mg 200 BW. The dose variation was given 70 ethanolic extract combination of dayak onion bulbs and long bean with four doses variation 36 mg 200 g 100 mg 200 g BW, 18 mg 200 g 100 mg 200 g BW, 9 mg 200 g 100 mg 200 g BW, and 4,5 mg 200 g 100 mg 200 g BW. Ovariectomy was performed on all groups except the sham to obtain the condition of hypoestrogen. Four weeks after the surgery, the rats were treated with an oral administration of extract daily for 28 days. Determination of the levels of tibia bone calcium, tibia bone weight, and the scoring of tibia bone marrow fat counted on day 29. The result showed that dayak onion bulbs and long bean extract combination was able to increase the level of tibia bone calcium and tibia bone weight significantly, and reduced the scoring of tibia bone marrow fat higher than single dose of cowpea extract. "