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"ABSTRACTSurgical skill training using cadavers is important for surgeons to gain an understanding of anatomical approaches. However, the laws and guidelines stipulating surgical technique training using corpses differ in each country. We discuss the new guidelines and the current situation in Japan in comparison with that in Western Europe and the United States."

"ABSTRACTPurpose To evaluate the status of surgical training in Japan through a national level needs assessment. Methods A survey was sent to all 909 graduating residents (GRs) and their 611 program directors (PDs) for the year 2016. A working group of surgical educators from around the country was formed under the education committee of the Japan Surgical Society. The survey items were developed by consensus of this working group. The survey investigated the knowledge and problems of the current curriculum, and the status of the current residency training.ResultsThe response rates were 56,3% of the GRs and 76,8% of the PDs. Among the participants, 47,6% of the GRs and 29,4% of the PDs believed that the residency curriculum did not match the clinical experience. Over 80% of the GRs and PDs agreed on the importance of training outside of the OR, whereas only 13% of the GRs had received such training regularly. Trainees also reported a lower satisfaction rate about the opportunity to train outside of the OR.ConclusionThis national level needs assessment of surgical training in Japan identified several gaps in the curriculum. These results provide valuable data to assist the ongoing efforts for surgical residency curriculum improvement."

"Developing countries dpend on the knowledge and information produced by industrialised cuntries just as they depend on same countries for the supply of books. Thus, the Malaysia book market is immmersed with imported publications especially from Britain and the Unites States. But s multi-racial country comprising Malay, Chinese and Indian population, the book supply is also coming from Hong Kong, Taiwan, India, Indonesian and the mIddle East."