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"ABSTRACTThe prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with tumor thrombus (TT) in the inferior vena cava (IVC) or right atrium (RA) is extremely poor. We reviewed the recent surgical treatments and outcomes of this form of advanced HCC. TT is classified into three types according to its anatomic location relative to the heart: the inferior hepatic type (type I), where the TT is in the IVC below the diaphragm; the superior hepatic type (type II), where the TT is in the IVC above the diaphragm, but still outside the RA; and the intracardiac type (type III), where the TT is above the diaphragm and has entered the RA. Type I can be treated relatively easily by standard radical hepatectomy. For type II, the intrathoracic IVC is approached via the abdominal cavity and an incision in the diaphragm with total hepatic vascular exclusion (THVE). For type III, hepatectomy plus thrombectomy is generally performed under cardiopulmonary bypass. If the TT is only just inside the RA, THVE can be performed by mobilizing the liver caudally. The median overall survival of HCC patients with TT in the IVC or RA, who undergo curative resection, is 19.0-30.8 months. As postoperative recurrence is likely to develop, even after curative surgery, effective postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is required."

"Latar belakang: Sebagian besar pasien karsinoma sel hati (KSH) tahap lanjut memiliki masalah vaskular seperti trombus tumoral vena porta. Terapi sistemik yang direkomendasikan cenderung mahal dan belum terjangkau oleh banyak pasien. Oleh karena itu, perlu mencari alternatif terapi, seperti transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Di Indonesia, TACE telah menjadi pilihan terapi untuk pasien dengan trombus tumoral vena porta (TTVP) berdasarkan PNPK, tetapi belum ada penelitian yang mengkaji hubungan antara TTVP parsial pada KSH dan respons terapi sesuai mRECIST setelah TACE.Tujuan: Untuk menganalisa hubungan antara respons terapi secara mRECIST pasca TACE dengan ada tidaknya TTVP parsial pada pasien KSH.Metode: Selama periode Januari 2020 hingga Juli 2023 terdapat 36 pasien KSH diterapi TACE dan memiliki imaging sebelum serta sesudah tindakan. Respons terapi dievaluasi berdasarkan modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST).Hasil: Terdapat 36 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dengan 27 pasien KSH tanpa TTVP dan 9 pasien KSH dengan TTVP parsial. Setelah TACE, 22% pasien dengan TTVP parsial masuk dalam kategori responder, sedangkan pada kelompok tanpa TTVP, 41% pasien termasuk dalam kategori responder, dengan nilai p = 0,438.Kesimpulan: Tidak terdapat perbedaan respons tumor yang bermakna antara kelompok subjek KSH dengan TTVP parsial dan kelompok tanpa TTVP. Meskipun proporsi non responder pada kelompok TTVP parsial lebih banyak dibandingkan kelompok tanpa TTVP, namun masih terdapat 22% yang menunjukkan respons subjektif sehingga TACE masih dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai terapi pada pasien KSH dengan TTVP.

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Background: Most advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients face vascular complications such as portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). Recommended systemic therapies tend to be costly and often inaccessible to many patients. Therefore, alternative treatments, such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), need to be explored. In Indonesia, TACE has become a treatment option for patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) based on national guidelines, but no studies have yet examined the relationship between partial PVTT in HCC and treatment response according to mRECIST.

Objective: : To analyze the relationship between post-TACE treatment response according to mRECIST and the presence of partial PVTT in HCC patients. Methods: From January 2020 to July 2023, 36 HCC patients underwent TACE and had pre- and post-procedure imaging. Treatment response was evaluated using modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST).

Results: Among the 36 included patients, 27 had HCC without partial PVTT, and 9 had HCC with partial PVTT. After TACE, 22% of patients with partial PVTT were classified as responders, while in the group without partial PVTT, 41% were responders, with a p-value of 0.438.

Conclusion: There was no significant difference in tumor response between the HCC patient groups with partial PVTT and those without. Despite a higher proportion of non-responders in the partial PVTT group, 22% still showed subjective response, suggesting that TACE may still be considered as a treatment option for HCC patients with partial PVTT."

"ABSTRAK Latar belakang. Status volume intravaskular hipovolemia atau hipervolemia dapat meningkatkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas. Baku emas penilaian status volume intravaskular adalah pemeriksaan immunoassay, sifatnya invasif, sulit dan lama sehingga para klinisi mencari teknik yang tidak invasif, mudah dan singkat. Pemeriksaan diameter vena kava inferior IVC dan vascular pedicle width VPW merupakan teknik noninvasif yang mulai dipakai untuk menilai status volume intravaskular. Keuntungan VPW adalah dapat dilakukan pada rumah sakit yang tidak memiliki USG. Uji kesesuaian IVC dan VPW dalam menilai status volume intravaskular hanya pernah dilakukan pada pasien dengan ventilasi mekanik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian hasil penilaian status volume intravaskular antara teknik ultrasonografi diameter IVC dengan teknik radiografi dada VPW pada pasien napas spontan. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis observasional analitik potong lintang untuk mengetahui kesesuaian hasil penilaian status volume intravaskular pasien di ruang resusitasi IGD antara IVC dengan VPW pada bulan Mei 2018. Didapatkan 40 subjek yang memenuhi kritera penerimaan dan bersedia menandatangani informed consent penelitian. 40 subjek diukur VPW-nya dari hasil radiografi dada oleh sejawat Radiologi di IGD lalu dinilai diameter IVC maksimal, minimal dan reratanya serta collapsibility index-nya oleh peserta PPDS Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif. Terdapat 1 subjek yang dikelurkan karena nilai VPW tidak dapat diukur. Analisis data menggunakan analisis Kappa. Hasil. Nilai median diameter IVC 1,1 cm dengan nilai minimum 0,46 cm dan maksimum 3 cm. Nilai median collapsibility index 33 dengan nilai minimum 10,2 dan maksimum 100 . Nilai median VPW 5,7 cm dengan nilai minimum 3,5 cm dan maksimum 10,8 cm. Didapatkan hasil tidak adanya kesesuaian antara diameter rerata IVC dengan VPW koefisien Kappa -0,085 . Tidak terdapat kesesuaian antara diameter maksimal IVC dengan VPW koefisien Kappa -0,123 . Tidak terdapat kesesuaian juga antara collapsibility index dengan VPW koefisien Kappa 0,069 Simpulan. Penilaian status volume intravaskular teknik ultrasonografi diameter IVC tidak sesuai dengan teknik radiografi dada VPW. Kata Kunci: status volume intravaskular; kesesuaian; IVC; VPW ABSTRACT Background. Intravascular volume status hypovolemia or hypervolemia can both increase morbidity and mortality. The gold standard for assessing intravascular volume is immunoassay measurement. It is an invasive measurement, difficult and requires time before a final evaluation is complete. So there is a significant need for a rapid, noninvasive and easy technique to determines volume status. Inferior vena cava IVC and vascular pedicle width VPW are noninvasive and easy technique to measure intravascular volume status. VPW can be done without USG. Compatibility between IVC and VPW had only been done in patient with mechanical ventilation. This study was conducted to see compatibility between IVC diameter and VPW for assessing intravascular volume status in spontaneous patient. Methods. This was a cross sectional analytic study in the emergency room to see compatibility between IVC diameter and VPW for assessing intravascular volume status in spontaneous patient during May 2018. There were 40 subjects who fulfilled inclusion criteria and agreed to sign informed consent. VPW of 40 subjects were assessed by the radiologist then the maximum, minimum, mean diameter and collapsibility index of the IVC were assessed by anesthesiologist resident in the emergency room. There was 1 drop out subject due to VPW can not be measured. We use Kappa analysis for this study.. Results. Median of IVC diameter for this study was 1,1 cm, with minimum diameter was 0,46 cm and maximum was 3 cm. Median of collapsibility index was 33 , with minimum value was 10,2 and maximum was 100 . Median of VPW was 5,7 cm, with minimum outcome was 3,5 cm and maximum was 10,8 cm. We found that there was no compatibility between IVC mean diameter and VPW Kappa coefficent was -0,085 . There was also no compatibility between IVC maximum diameter and VPW Kappa coefficient -0,123 . WE also found there was no compatibility between collapsibility index of IVC and VPW Kappa coefficient 0,069 Conclusion. Assessment intravascular volume status by ultrasonography technique of IVC diameter was not compatible with radiographic technique of VPW. Keywords: intravascular volume status; compatibility; IVC; VPW."

"Latar belakang. Risiko Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) yang terkait dengan keganasan adalah 4,1 kali lipat lebih besar dibandingkan dengan pasien tanpa keganasan. Pasien keganasan memiliki risiko perdarahan yang lebih besar dengan terapi antikoagulan yang umum digunakan. Inferior Vena Cava Filter (IVCF) telah direkomendasikan sebagai alternatif yang kontroversial.Tujuan. Untuk menemukan bukti ilmiah tertinggi dalam keamanan, manfaat, dan dampak klinis IVCF untuk mengelola VTE terkait keganasan.Metode. Sesuai dengan pedoman PRISMA, pada situs berbasis data Cochrane, PubMed, dan ClinicalKey dicari menggunakan kata kunci ("Inferior Vena Cava Filter" or "IVCF") and (“Anticoagulant”) and ("Cancer" or "Malignancy") and ("Venous Thromboembolism" or "VTE" or "Pulmonary Embolism" or "Deep Vein Thrombosis") and ("Safety" or "Benefit" or "Complication" or "Recurrence" or "Survival Rate" or "Mortality"). Artikel-artikel ini ditinjau dan dinilai.Hasil. Ada 10 artikel yang ditinjau (1.191 partisipan). Komplikasi IVCF yang ditemukan: migrasi filter (0,9%), trombosis vena cava (3,7%), PE berulang (2,8%); fraktur filter (0,9%); dan penetrasi IVCF (0,9%). Tidak ada kematian yang ditemukan pada pasien karena komplikasi karena penyisipan filter (LOE 2). Penyisipan IVCF dapat mengurangi tingkat PE tetapi dengan peningkatan jumlah DVT (DVT: dengan filter vs tanpa filter: 35,7% vs 27,5%; HR 1,52; CI95 % 1,02–2,27; p = 0,042; PE: 6,2% vs. 15,1 %; HR 0,37; 95% CI 0,17–0,79; p = 0,008). Enam studi tidak menemukan peningkatan yang signifikan secara statistik dalam mortalitas terkait PE.Kesimpulan. IVCF aman dan bermanfaat untuk pengelolaan VTE terkait keganasan, terutama pada pasien dengan kontraindikasi antikoagulan (LOE 2, 3 dan 4).

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Background. The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with malignancy is 4.1-fold greater compared to patients without malignancy. Malignancy patient have greater risk of bleeding with the commonly used anticoagulant therapy. Inferior Vena Cava Filter (IVCF) have been recommended as an controversial alternative.

Objective. To find the highest evidence in the safety, benefit, and clinical outcome of the IVCF for managing VTE associated with malignancy.

Method. Aligning with PRISMA guidelines, online databases Cochrane, PubMed, ScienceDirect and ClinicalKey were searched using keywords ("Inferior Vena Cava Filter" or "IVCF") and (“Anticoagulant”) and ("Cancer" or "Malignancy") and ("Venous Thromboembolism" or "VTE" or "Pulmonary Embolism" or "Deep Vein Thrombosis") and ("Safety" or "Benefit" or "Complication" or "Recurrence" or "Survival Rate" or "Mortality"). These articles were reviewed and appraised.

Results. There were 10 articles reviewed (1,191 participants). Complication of IVCF found: filter migration (0.9%), vena cava thrombosis (3.7%), recurrent PE (2.8%); filter fracture (0.9%); and IVCF penetration (0.9%). No mortality was found in patients due to complications due to filter insertion (LOE 2). IVCF insertion can reduce PE rates but with an increase in the number of DVT (DVT: with filter vs without filters: 35.7% vs 27.5%; HR 1.52; CI95 % 1.02–2.27; p = 0.042 ; PE: 6.2% vs. 15.1%; HR 0.37; 95% CI 0.17–0.79; p = 0.008). Six studies found no statistically significant increase in PE-related mortality.

Conclusion. IVCF is safe and beneficial for the management of malignancy-associated VTE, especially in patients with contraindications to anticoagulants (LOE 2, 3 and 4)."

"Latar Belakang : Syok sepsis merupakan kondisi mengancam nyawa dengan beban morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi terutama di Asia Tenggara. Perencanaan resusitasi cairan yang optimal pada pasien sepsis membutuhkan panduan status hemodinamik tubuh, namun pengukuran Central Venous Pressure (CVP) yang saat ini paling umum digunakan merupakan tindakan invasif dengan segala kekurangannya. Sejumlah penelitian sebelumnya mengajukan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi vena cava inferior (USG IVC) sebagai metode alternatif estimasi status hemodinamik tubuh, namun dengan hasil yang bervariasi. Diskrepansi hasil penelitian sebelumnya dan kurangnya data penelitian pada populasi syok sepsis di Indonesia menunjukkan perlunya ada penelitian lebih lanjut. Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara parameter USG IVC berupa diameter, Collapsibility Index (CI), dan velositas maksimal (maxV) terhadap nilai CVP. Metode : Desain penelitian merupakan studi korelasi dengan teknik potong lintang. Data primer didapatkan dari hasil pemeriksaan USG IVC dan CVP menggunakan manometer manual dari sampel pasien syok sepsis yang dirawat di RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo dengan waktu penelitian Juli hingga Oktober 2020. Pengukuran diameter, CI, dan maxV dari IVC diambil di regio subxiphoid, dilakukan sendiri oleh peneliti dengan supervisi langsung dari spesialis radiologi konsultan abdomen. Hasil : Didapatkan 27 sampel USG IVC tanpa perbedaan proporsi yang bermakna antar subyek berdasarkan umur dan jenis kelaminnya. Didapatkan korelasi positif sedang antara diameter dengan nilai CVP (r = 0,459, p = 0,016), korelasi negatif sedang antara CI dengan nilai CVP (r = - 0,571, p = 0,002), dan tidak ada korelasi yang bermakna secara statistik antara maxV dengan nilai CVP (r = 0,074, p = 0,715). Kesimpulan : Korelasi bermakna antara diameter dan CI IVC terhadap nilai CVP menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan USG IVC dapat digunakan sebagai metode pemeriksaan alternatif non-invasif untuk estimasi nilai CVP dalam perencanaan penatalaksanaan pasien syok sepsis.

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Background : Septic shock is one of life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality rate, especially in the South East Asia. Optimal fluid resuscitation planning requires adequate portrayal of hemodynamic status, but the most often used indicator, Central Venous Pressure (CVP), is an invasive procedure with all its drawbacks. Several studies has been done worldwide to propose Inferior Vena Cava Ultrasonography (IVC USG) as an alternative method to estimate hemodynamic status, to varying degree of success. These discrepancies from previous studies, and the lack of data for septic shock population in Indonesia suggests the need for further study.

Objective : This study aims to determine the correlation strength between IVC USG parameters such as diameter, Collapsibility Index (CI), and maximum velocity (maxV) with CVP. Method : The study design is cross-sectional correlation study. Primary data was acquired from IVC USG examination results and CVP values was acquired by manual measurement from septic shock patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital (RSUPN CM) from July until October 2020. Measurements of diameter, CI, and maxV were done in the subxiphoid region under direct supervision from abdominal consultant radiologist. Result: In total, 27 samples of IVC USG were acquired without statistically significant difference of proportion across age and gender. Moderate positive correlation were found between diameter and CVP (r = 0,459, p = 0,016). Moderate negative correlation were found between CI and CVP (r = - 0,571, p = 0,002). No statistically significant correlation were found between maxV and CVP (r = 0,074, p = 0,715). Conclusion : Significant correlation between IVC diameter and CI with CVP values implies that IVC USG is an acceptable non-invasive alternative method to estimate CVP values in accordance to septic shock therapy planning."

"Latar belakang: Pasien dengan tumor muskuloskeletal (MSK) ganas menunjukkan insidens deep vein thrombosis (DVT) bervariasi. USG Doppler berwarna merupakan modalitas terpilih untuk evaluasi DVT. Tujuan: Menilai hubungan trombus, kecepatan aliran, dan ketebalan dinding vena pada USG Doppler berwarna vena profunda ekstremitas bawah pada pasien dengan tumor primer MSK ganas. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dari pemeriksaan USG Doppler berwarna vena profunda ekstremitas bawah, yaitu trombus, ketebalan dinding vena, dan kecepatan aliran vena, serta data sekunder, yaitu ukuran tumor dari magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) atau computed tomography >(CT) scan dan durasi gejala tumor dari rekam medis. Penelitian dilakukan di Departemen Radiologi dan Poliklinik Orthopaedi dan Traumatologi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSUPNCM) bulan Agustus 2020 hingga Maret 2022. Hasil: Terdapat 10% insidens trombus pada sistem vena profunda ekstremitas bawah pada 30 subyek dengan tumor primer MSK ganas. Subyek dengan trombus cenderung memiliki volume tumor lebih besar dibandingkan tanpa trombus, namun secara statistik tidak bermakna. Kesimpulan: Dimensi dan volume tumor pada subyek dengan trombus cenderung lebih besar dibandingkan tanpa trombus. Pada penderita tumor MSK ganas, dapat ditemukan gambaran klinis dan laboratoris yang menyerupai DVT namun belum tentu didapatkan trombus, sehingga USG Doppler berwarna penting untuk membedakan ada tidaknya DVT.

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Background: Patients with malignant musculoskeletal (MSK) tumors show variable incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) is the modality of choice for DVT evaluation.

Objective: To assess the relationship of thrombus, flow velocity, and venous wall thickness on CDUS of lower extremities deep veins in patients with primary malignant MSK tumors.

Methods: Primary data from CDUS of lower extremities deep vein, including thrombus, venous wall thickness, and venous flow velocity. Tumor size was taken from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans. Duration of tumor symptoms was taken from medical records. The study was conducted at the Department of Radiology and the Orthopaedi and Traumatology Polyclinic of the Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital (RSUPNCM) from August 2020 to March 2022.

Results: There was 10% incidence of thrombus in 30 subjects. Subjects with thrombus tended to have larger tumor volume but it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Tumor dimensions and volume in subjects with thrombus tend to be larger than those without thrombus. In patients with malignant MSK tumors, clinical and laboratory features that resemble DVT can be found, but not necessarily a thrombus, therefore CDUS is important for distinguishing the presence or absence of DVT."

"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This is due to the heterogeneity of the tumor biology and lack of curative treatment options. The most significant prognostic factor is detection at early stage and thus, surveillance strategies are of high importance. High-risk patients should undergo ultrasound and tumor marker tests at six-month interval in order to detect HCC at the earlier stage. However, in real-life practice, ultrasound has several limitations and the adherence to HCC surveillance is suboptimal due to various provider, patient, and health-care system factors. In this paper, we will address current methods of HCC surveillance and obstacles found in real-life practice.

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Karsinoma sel hati (KSH) adalah penyebab kematian akibat kanker yang kedua tertinggi di dunia. Hal ini disebabkan oleh heterogenitas biologis tumor dan terbatasnya pilihan pengobatan kuratif. Faktor prognostik yang paling signifikan adalah deteksi kanker pada stadium awal. Oleh karena itu, strategi surveilans sangat penting. Pasien yang berisiko tinggi terkena kanker hati harus menjalani pemeriksaan ultrasonografi (USG) dan pemeriksaan penanda tumor setiap enam bulan sekali untuk mendeteksi KSH pada stadium awal. Akan tetapi, dalam praktik sehari-hari, USG memiliki beberapa keterbatasan. Di samping itu, kepatuhan terhadap surveilans KSH juga tidak optimal karena berbagai alasan, baik dari sisi penyedia layanan kesehatan, pasien, maupun sistem pelayanan kesehatan. Pada artikel ini, kami akan membahas mengenai metode surveilans KSH terkini dan hambatan yang didapatkan dalam praktik sehari-hari"

"Latar Belakang: Karsinoma sel hati (KSH) adalah lesi neoplastik ganas pada hati tersering. Transformasi keganasan sel hati normal menjadi KSH melibatkan berbagai faktor seperti inflamasi dan perubahan genetik yang menyebabkan KSH menjadi sangat heterogen pada tingkat histologik dan molekular. Perbedaan fenotipe yang dipengaruhi berbagai perubahan molekular menghasilkan berbagai derajat diferensiasi, subtipe histologik dan gambaran klinik yang berbeda dan sebagian berhubungan dengan prognosis pada KSH. Mutasi pada gen TP53 yang berfungsi menontrol proliferasi sel melalui perbaikan DNA, apoptosis, dan penuaan sel terbukti sebagai salah satu perubahan molekular tersering pada KSH dan sering dikaitkan dengan beberapa faktor risiko, derajat diferensiasi, subtipe histologik tertentu dan prognosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi ekspresi p53 pada derajat diferensiasi, subtipe histologik dan stadium patologi tumor KSH.Bahan dan cara: Penelitian dilakukan di Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM, Jakarta terhadap 41 kasus KSH yang diperoleh seara reseksi. Sampel kasus diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kelompok derajat diferensiasi (WHO), subtipe histologik dan stadium patologi tumor. Selanjutnya dilakukan pulasan imunohistokimia (IHK) protein 53 (p53) pada seluruh kasus dan dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui ekspresi p53 pada variabel penelitian.Hasil: Ekspresi p53 ditemukan pada 35 kasus (85%). Berdasarkan derajat diferensiasi, ekspresi p53 ditemukan paling banyak pada derajat diferensiasi sedang dan buruk, yaitu 21 dan 14 kasus (91% dan 93%). Ekspresi p53 berdasarkan stadium patologi tumor ditemukan paling banyak pada pT1b dan pT2, yaitu 8 dan 14 kasus ( 88% dan 93%). Berdasarkan subtipe histologik, seluruh kasus macrotrabecular massive (MTM) menunjukkan ekspresi p53 (4 kasus, 100%), subtipe clear cell (CC) terpulas pada 15 kasus (93%), klasik (CL) ditemukan 16 kasus (88%) dan tidak ditemukan ekspresi p53 pada seluruh kasus steatohepatitic (SH). Terdapat perbedaan rerata bermakna ekspresi p53 pada kelompok baik dan sedang (p=0,011), baik dan buruk (p=0,015) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata bermakna antara kelompok sedang dan buruk (p=0,339). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan rerata bermakna ekspresi p53 pada seluruh kelompok stadium patologi tumor (p=0,948) dan subtipe histologik (p=0,076).Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna ekspresi p53 pada KSH kelompok diferensiasi baik dan sedang serta baik dan buruk.

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Background: Hepatocellular cell carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant neoplastic lesion of the liver. Malignant transformation of hepatocytes involves various factors such as inflammation and genetic causing HCC to be very heterogeneous at the histological and molecular level. Differences in phenotypes affected by various molecular changes produce different differentiation grade, histological subtype, clinical features and prognosis. TP53 as one of the most common molecular changes in HCC play an important role in cycle cell by controlling cell proliferation through DNA repair, apoptosis and cellular senescence, associates with several risk factors such as certain differentiation grade, histologic subtypes, and prognosis. This current study aimed to investigate p53 expression at HCC’s differentiation grade, tumor pathology stage and histologic subtype.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Anatomical Pathology FKUI / RSCM, Jakarta on 41 cases of resected HCC. Case samples are classified based on groups of differentiation grade (WHO), histologic subtypes and tumour pathology stage. Furthermore immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of protein 53 (p53) carry out in all cases and an analysis statistic was performed to evaluated the expression of p53.

Results: p53 expression was found in 35 cases (85%). Based on the differentiation grade, the expression of p53 was found mostly in the moderate and poor differentiation (91%, 21 cases and 93%, 14 cases). Based on tumour pathology stage, p53 expression was found mostly in pT1b and pT2, which were 8 and 14 cases (88% and 93%). Based on histologic subtypes, all macrotrabecullar massive (MTM) cases showed p53 expression (4 cases, 100%), clear cell (CC) subtypes were in 15 cases (93%), classic (CL) 16 cases (88%) and negative expression was found in all cases of steatohepatitic (SH). There were significant differences in mean expression of p53 in the well and moderate groups (p = 0.011), well and poor (p = 0.015) and there were no significant mean differences between the moderate and poor groups (p = 0.339). There were no significant mean differences in p53 expression in all groups of tumour pathology stages (p = 0.948) and histologic subtypes (p = 0.076).

Conclusion: There is significant difference mean of p53 expression in well and moderate as well as well and poor differentiation."

"Latar Belakang: Karsinoma sel hati (KSH) adalah lesi neoplastik ganas pada hati tersering. Transformasi keganasan sel hati normal menjadi KSH melibatkan berbagai faktor seperti inflamasi dan perubahan genetik yang menyebabkan KSH menjadi sangat heterogen pada tingkat histologik dan molekular. Perbedaan fenotipe yang dipengaruhi berbagai perubahan molekular menghasilkan berbagai derajat diferensiasi, subtipe histologik dan gambaran klinik yang berbeda dan sebagian berhubungan dengan prognosis pada KSH. Mutasi pada gen TP53 yang berfungsi menontrol proliferasi sel melalui perbaikan DNA, apoptosis, dan penuaan sel terbukti sebagai salah satu perubahan molekular tersering pada KSH dan sering dikaitkan dengan beberapa faktor risiko, derajat diferensiasi, subtipe histologik tertentu dan prognosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi ekspresi p53 pada derajat diferensiasi, subtipe histologik dan stadium patologi tumor KSH.Bahan dan cara: Penelitian dilakukan di Departemen Patologi Anatomik FKUI/RSCM, Jakarta terhadap 41 kasus KSH yang diperoleh seara reseksi. Sampel kasus diklasifikasikan berdasarkan kelompok derajat diferensiasi (WHO), subtipe histologik dan stadium patologi tumor. Selanjutnya dilakukan pulasan imunohistokimia (IHK) protein 53 (p53) pada seluruh kasus dan dilakukan analisis untuk mengetahui ekspresi p53 pada variabel penelitian.Hasil: Ekspresi p53 ditemukan pada 35 kasus (85%). Berdasarkan derajat diferensiasi, ekspresi p53 ditemukan paling banyak pada derajat diferensiasi sedang dan buruk, yaitu 21 dan 14 kasus (91% dan 93%). Ekspresi p53 berdasarkan stadium patologi tumor ditemukan paling banyak pada pT1b dan pT2, yaitu 8 dan 14 kasus ( 88% dan 93%). Berdasarkan subtipe histologik, seluruh kasus macrotrabecular massive (MTM) menunjukkan ekspresi p53 (4 kasus, 100%), subtipe clear cell (CC) terpulas pada 15 kasus (93%), klasik (CL) ditemukan 16 kasus (88%) dan tidak ditemukan ekspresi p53 pada seluruh kasus steatohepatitic (SH). Terdapat perbedaan rerata bermakna ekspresi p53 pada kelompok baik dan sedang (p=0,011), baik dan buruk (p=0,015) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan rerata bermakna antara kelompok sedang dan buruk (p=0,339). Tidak ditemukan perbedaan rerata bermakna ekspresi p53 pada seluruh kelompok stadium patologi tumor (p=0,948) dan subtipe histologik (p=0,076).Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan bermakna ekspresi p53 pada KSH kelompok diferensiasi baik dan sedang serta baik dan buruk.

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Background: Hepatocellular cell carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant neoplastic lesion of the liver. Malignant transformation of hepatocytes involves various factors such as inflammation and genetic causing HCC to be very heterogeneous at the histological and molecular level. Differences in phenotypes affected by various molecular changes produce different differentiation grade, histological subtype, clinical features and prognosis. TP53 as one of the most common molecular changes in HCC play an important role in cycle cell by controlling cell proliferation through DNA repair, apoptosis and cellular senescence, associates with several risk factors such as certain differentiation grade, histologic subtypes, and prognosis. This current study aimed to investigate p53 expression at HCC’s differentiation grade, tumor pathology stage and histologic subtype.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Anatomical Pathology FKUI / RSCM, Jakarta on 41 cases of resected HCC. Case samples are classified based on groups of differentiation grade (WHO), histologic subtypes and tumour pathology stage. Furthermore immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of protein 53 (p53) carry out in all cases and an analysis statistic was performed to evaluated the expression of p53.

Results: p53 expression was found in 35 cases (85%). Based on the differentiation grade, the expression of p53 was found mostly in the moderate and poor differentiation (91%, 21 cases and 93%, 14 cases). Based on tumour pathology stage, p53 expression was found mostly in pT1b and pT2, which were 8 and 14 cases (88% and 93%). Based on histologic subtypes, all macrotrabecullar massive (MTM) cases showed p53 expression (4 cases, 100%), clear cell (CC) subtypes were in 15 cases (93%), classic (CL) 16 cases (88%) and negative expression was found in all cases of steatohepatitic (SH). There were significant differences in mean expression of p53 in the well and moderate groups (p = 0.011), well and poor (p = 0.015) and there were no significant mean differences between the moderate and poor groups (p = 0.339). There were no significant mean differences in p53 expression in all groups of tumour pathology stages (p = 0.948) and histologic subtypes (p = 0.076).

Conclusion: There is significant difference mean of p53 expression in well and moderate as well as well and poor differentiation."

"Karsinoma Hepatoseluer (KHS) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia, selain karena insidensnya yang tinggi terkait dengan angka infeksi HBV dan HCV, penatalaksanaanya sangat tergantung pada kondisi penderita dan ekstensi tumor. Pembedahan, berupa reseksi hati maupun transplantasi hati adalah pilihan utama untuk mencapai survival yang baik. Namun demikian, reseksi hati mensyaratkan kondisi hati yang sehat dan ukuran tumor yang kecil sedangkan transplantasi hati belum dikerjakan di Indonesia. Kedua hal ini mendorong pemanfaatan modalitas lain dalam penatalaksanaan KHS, antara lain Ablasi tumor per kutan, Trans Arterial Chemo Embolization (TACE), Kemoterapi dan Radioterapi. Radiasi selama ini ditakuti karena efek samping hepatitis radiasi-nya, akan tetapi dengan berkembangnya teknik radiasi konformal, efek samping tersebut dapat diminimalkan. Makalah ini memaparkan satu kasus KHS tipe ikterik yang mendapat radiasi eksterna di Rumah Sakit Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSCM) dengan hasil yang memuaskan berupa hilangnya gejala dan penurunan kadar bilirubin. Penderita direncanakan untuk menjalani reseksi hati.

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AbstractHepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is still a leading health problem worldwide, due to its correlation with HBV and HCV infection and its management which is strongly dependent on patient?s condition and tumor extension. Surgery, with liver resection or liver transplantation offer a good survival rate as a primary management of such cancer. But since liver resection must consider some aspect of liver function and tumor size, and liver transplantation was not a choice in Indonesia, many treatment modalities has been developed which can be used to overcome this problem, such as tumor ablation, transarterial chemo embolization (TACE), chemotherapy and radiotherapy. With the development of conformal radiotherapy, the hepatitis induced radiation therapy could be minimized. This paper present a case of conformal radiation therapy utilization in icteric type HCC in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Hepatic resection was planned for this patient."