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"AbstrakThis paper seeks to analyse the disparity of clean water access fulfillment in Malang district and Pandeglang district. This issue is important due to two considerations. First, Indonesias National Medium-term Development Plan (RPJMN) 2015-2019 targets universal access to water and sanitation by 2019, yet it is still 71,14% fulfilled in 2016. Second, existing studies on this issue addressed the problem by using technical approach; limited finance and infrastructure, demographic and topographic condition. Such technical aspects are indeed important, however it tends to obscure political dimension, i.e. power relations and social structure dynamics that influence policies regarding access to water. Therefore, this paper will analyse the political dimension of the disparity in clean water access fulfillment.In analysing the problem, this paper will use discourse analysis (Laclau and Mouffe, 2001). This paper analyses the struggle among discourses in fixing the meaning of access as a contested political arena. It will also identify the strategy of various actors in articulating their discourses through the establishment of a network of alliance that can accommodate different interests. This paper aims to be the basis of decision making process that considers and emancipates the difficult circumstances that society are facing and alternative discourse that they have."

"Pelayanan air minum pada wilayah perkotaan belum menjangkau seluruh masyarakat. Pelayanan air minum perpipaan dilaksanakan oleh operator penyedia layanan air minum daerah lebih memprioritaskan masyarakat yang memiliki willingness to connect dan willingness to payment yang tinggi, sehingga Masyarakat Berpenghasilan Rendah (MBR) tidak mendapatkan akses layanan air minum. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis kondisi pemenuhan kebutuhan air minum, mengevaluasi faktor sosial, ekonomi dan lingkungan yang berpengaruh terkait pemenuhan akses air minum, menganalisis prinsip inklusif dalam kebijakan pemerintah yang berpengaruh pada efektivitas pemenuhan akses air minum, dan membuat model kebijakan inklusif dalam penyediaan akses air minum yang berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah bivariat, multivariat dan multitidimensional scalling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, MBR memiliki willingnes to payment yang tinggi, tetapi memiliki willingness to connect yang rendah karena terkendala biaya pasang baru yang cukup tinggi. Model kebijakan inklusif yang berkelanjutan dianalisis dengan public choice teory dengan memberikan subsidi biaya keringanan pasang baru dengan penyebarluasan secara aktif

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Drinking water supply in urban areas have not yet reached all community groups. Piped drinking water services carried out by drinking water service operators prioritize community groups who have high willingness to connect and willingness to pay, So that the Low-Income Communities (MBR) in slum areas in urban areas do not get access to drinking water. The aim of this research is to analyze the conditions for fulfilling drinking water needs for MBR, evaluate the social, economic and environmental factors that influence the fulfillment of access to drinking water, evaluate inclusive principles in government policy which influence the effectiveness of fulfilling access to drinking water, and create an inclusive policy model in providing sustainable access to drinking water. Research methods used are bivariate, multivariate and multidimensional scaling. Research results show that MBR in the research location area has a high willingness to pay, but has a low willingness to connect because it is constrained by the fairly high cost of new installations. The sustainable inclusive policy model is analyzed using public choice theory by providing subsidies for the cost of new installations accompanied by active dissemination of information."

"Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi fenomena eksklusi berlapis yang dialami oleh perempuan di Kelurahan Dadap dalam konteks akses air bersih dan sanitasi. Untuk menjelaskan permasalahan di atas, penelitian ini mengadopsi metode penelitian dengan jenis kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitik yang menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Feminist Political Ecology (FPE) yang dikembangkan oleh Rebecca Elmhirst dan teori interseksionalitas yang diperkenalkan oleh Kimberle Crenshaw sebagai pisau analisis. Hasilnya, melalui analisis kisah hidup lima perempuan, Risda, Dewi, Ratna, Nurhayati, dan Lilis, ditemukan bahwa ketidaksetaraan gender dan ketidakadilan sosial memperparah kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh mereka. Perempuan di Kelurahan Dadap tidak hanya harus mengatasi beban pekerjaan rumah tangga dan tanggung jawab keluarga, tetapi juga tantangan lingkungan seperti banjir rob dan penyumbatan gorong-gorong yang mengancam kesehatan mereka. Kurangnya respons pemerintah terhadap keluhan warga memperburuk situasi ini, membuat perempuan harus berjuang lebih keras untuk mendapatkan akses air bersih dan sanitasi yang layak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masalah akses air bersih dan sanitasi bukan hanya isu teknis, tetapi juga terkait dengan ketidaksetaraan gender dan keadilan sosial. Oleh karena itu, intervensi yang lebih adil dan responsif sangat diperlukan untuk mengatasi eksklusi yang dialami oleh perempuan di Kelurahan Dadap.

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This study explores the phenomenon of layered exclusion experienced by women in Dadap Village in the context of access to clean water and sanitation. To elucidate the aforementioned issue, this study adopts a qualitative research method with a descriptive-analytical approach, employing data collection techniques such as observation and in-depth interviews. The research utilizes the Feminist Political Ecology (FPE) theory developed by Rebecca Elmhirst and the intersectionality theory introduced by Kimberle Crenshaw as analytical frameworks. As a result, through the analysis of the life stories of five women — Risda, Dewi, Ratna, Nurhayati, dan Lilis — reveal that gender inequality and social injustice exacerbate the challenges they face. Women in Dadap Village not only have to overcome the burden of household chores and family responsibilities but also environmental challenges such as tidal floods and clogged sewers that threaten their health. The lack of government response to residents’ complaints worsens this situation, making women struggle harder to obtain access to clean water and adequate sanitation. The findings indicate that the issue of access to clean water and sanitation is not merely a technical issue but also relates to gender inequality and social justice. Therefore, more equitable and responsive interventions are urgently needed to address the exclusion experienced by women in Dadap Village."

"This book addresses questions of relevance to governments and industry in many countries around the world, in particular concerning the link between contaminated-land-management programs and the protection of drinking water resources and the potential effects of climate changes on the availability of these same resources. On the “problem” side, it reports and analyzes methodologies and experiences in monitoring and characterization of drinking water resources (at basin, country and continental scales), pollution prevention, assessment of background quality and of impacts on safety and public health from land and water contamination and impacts of climate change. On the “solution” side, the book presents results from national cleanup programs, recent advances in research into groundwater and soil remediation techniques, treatment technologies, research needs and information sources, land and wastewater management approaches aimed at the protection of drinking water."

"Air merupakan unsur alam yang sangat penting untuk setiap makhluk hidup. Berdasarkan sumbernya saat ini banyak sumber air permukaan yang telah tercemari maka dari itu perlu adanya pengolahan sebelum menggunakan air permukaan dan salah satu metodenya yaitu filtrasi dengan jenis saringan pasir lambat dikarena berdasarkan beberapa literatur saringan pasir lambat cocok digunakan dengan nilai kekeruhan dibawah 50 NTU. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan referensi kepada UI terutama Fakultas Teknik UI terkait dengan unit-unit pengolahan air dan desainnya berdasarkan kualitas sumber air baku yaitu Danau Mahoni UI. Pengolahan air baku berfokus pada unit filtrasi dengan jenis saringan pasir lambat yang bermediakan zeolit dan pasir silika untuk menghilangkan besi dan mangan dengan komposisi 1,2 mg/L dan 1,3 mg/L. Filtrasi diharapkan dapat melayani Fakultas Teknik UI sampai dengan 2042 dan setelah dilakukan proyeksi kebutuhan air bersih pada tahun 2042 dibutuhkan air bersih sebanyak 19,67 L/detik. Pada perancangan unit ini data yang digunakan untuk berasal dari beberapa jurnal seperti nilai ketebalan zeolit 30 cm, silika 60 cm, kecepatan filtrasi 0,2 m/jam, dan efisiensi 95% serta waktu detensi 24 jam dan hasil perhitungan, penulis mendapatkan luas setiap unit yaitu bangunan intake 10,8 m2, bak penghubung 5,4 m2, suction well 7,9 m2, roughing filter 142,56 m2, slow sand filter 532 m2, bak pencuci media 361 m2, desinfeksi 12,96 m2, reservoir 141,12 m2, dan rumah pompa distribusi 9 m2. Berdasarkan hasil studi literatur dan perhitungan yang dilakukan diharapkan air hasil pengolahan dapat memenuhi kualitas air menurut Permenkes RI No 492 tahun 2010.

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Water is one of the natural elements that is very important for every living thing. Based on the current sources, many surface water sources have been contaminated and therefore need further treatment before using it. Theres many possible way to treatment surface water and one of the methods is filtration using a slow sand filter because based on some literature, slow sand filters are suitable for use with turbidity values below 50 NTU. This study aims to provide a reference to the University of Indonesia, especially the Faculty of Engineering related to water treatment units and design based on the quality of raw water sources located on Lake Mahoni University of Indonesia. Raw water treatment focuses on filtration units with a type of slow sand filter that provides zeolite and silica sand to remove iron and manganese with a composition of 1.2 mg/L and 1.3 mg/L. This filtration is expected to serve the Faculty of Engineering until 2042 and after projecting, 19,67 L/s of clean water is needed until 2042. In this study, the design of the unit that will be used are intake building, suction well, centrifugal pump, closed transmission line, slow sand filter, disinfection, reservoir, and distribution pump housing. The data used for this design come from several journals such as media thickness, filtration speed, and removal efficiency values ​​with a thickness value of 30 cm zeolite, silica 60 cm, filtration speed 0.2 m/hour, and 95% efficiency and detention time 24 hours. The calculation results show that the area of each unit needed are 10,8 m2 for intake building 5,4 m2 for connecting rods, suction well around 7.9 m2, roughing filter 142,56 m2, slow sand filter around 532 m2, media washing basin around 361 m2, disinfection around 12,96 m2, reservoir around 141,12 m2, and 9 m2 for distribution pump house; and by that the treated water can comply with water quality standards according to the PERMENKES No 492 in 2010."

"Artikel ini menyelidiki peran penting pemerintah kolonial Hindia Belanda dalam menyediakan air bersih untuk wilayah Batavia antara tahun 1918 hingga 1930. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sejarah, penelitian ini menganalisis langkah-langkah konkret yang diambil pemerintah kolonial dalam memperbaiki infrastruktur air di Batavia dan upaya mereka dalam mengatasi masalah ketersediaan air bersih. Analisis meliputi kebijakan, proyek konstruksi, dan peran institusi pemerintah dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air. Artikel ini juga bertujuan untuk memberikan wawasan tentang dampak kolonialisme terhadap infrastruktur dan pelayanan publik di wilayah jajahan Belanda, serta implikasinya terhadap masyarakat Batavia. Sumber yang digunakan mencakup surat kabar sezaman, majalah/laporan sezaman seperti Publicaties der Gemeente Batavia dan Verslag van Toestand der Gemeente Batavia, serta catatan rapat Gemeente Batavia, buku, dan artikel tentang pengelolaan air bersih di wilayah Batavia dari Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia. Penelitian menemukan bahwa pembangunan perpipaan untuk Batavia tidak berlangsung cepat dan melibatkan berbagai diskusi, akuisisi, serta menghadapi hambatan dalam peremajaan pipa akibat kerusakan dan tunggakan pembayaran biaya air bersih oleh masyarakat.

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This article investigates the important role of the Dutch colonial government in providing clean water for the Batavia region between 1918 and 1930. Using a historical approach, this research analyzes the concrete steps taken by the colonial government in improving water infrastructure in Batavia and their efforts in overcoming the problem of availability. clean water. The analysis includes policies, construction projects, and the role of government institutions in water resources management. This article also aims to provide insight into the impact of colonialism on infrastructure and public services in the Dutch colony, as well as its implications for the people of Batavia. Sources used include contemporary newspapers, contemporary magazines/reports such as Publicaties der Gemeente Batavia and Verslag van Toestand der Gemeente Batavia, as well as Gemeente Batavia meeting notes, books and articles about clean water management in the Batavia region from the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia. Research found that the construction of pipes for Batavia did not proceed quickly and involved various discussions, acquisitions, and faced obstacles in renovating pipes due to damage and arrears in paying clean water fees by the community."

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Rasio elektrifikasi di Indonesia pada tahun 2019 mencapai 98.89% namun masih banyak daerah yang rasio elektrifikasinya tergolong rendah, bahkan beberapa daerah masih belum menikmati akses listrik. Elektrifikasi rendah terutama dirasakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia yang tinggal di daerah 3T (terdepan, terluar, dan tertinggal) atau di pulau-pulau kecil. Namun di sisi lain, Indonesia yang secara geografis adalah negara kepulauan dan berada di kawasan tropis memiliki potensi tinggi dalam pengembangan energi terbarukan (ET) sebagai sumber tenaga listrik, khususnya energi surya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang model solar home & pumpung system (SHPS) dan menilai kelayakannya. Dalam konsep ini skema SHPS bertujuan memberikan akses listrik kepada masyarakat 3T untuk kebutuhan penerangan dan akses air bersih. Sebanyak 4 unit Lampu LED 3 watt yang dilengkapi baterai digunakan untuk penerangan setiap rumah tangga, sementara pompa air 600 watt dapat digunakan secara komunal untuk 150 rumah tangga. Baik lampu maupun pompa air mendapat pasokan energi listrik dari panel surya masing-masing. Terdapat 3 skenario dalam implementasi SHPS untuk total 150 rumah tangga dengan tingkat diskonto untuk investasi sebesar 10%. Skenario 1 adalah investasi penuh sebesar Rp 806 juta, NPV = Rp 2.8 juta, IRR = 10.05%, PI = 1.003, payback period dalam 9 tahun, masa manfaat 20 tahun. Skenario 2 adalah hibah penuh oleh pemerintah/swasta dengan anggaran 480.5 juta. Skenario 3 adalah hibah oleh pemerintah/swasta untuk lampu tenaga surya (program LTSHE) dan skema investasi untuk pompa air tenaga surya dengan biaya investasi Rp 56 juta, NPV = Rp 1.2 juta, IRR = 11.21%, PI = 1.021, payback period 3 tahun, dengan masa manfaat selama 20 tahun. Keunggulan lain dalam skema SHPS adalah potensi eleminasi emisi karbon dioksida sebesar 4.5 ton per tahun jika untuk kebutuhan yang sama digunakan genset berbahan bakar minyak diesel. Oleh karena itu, SHPS layak dikembangkan dalam mendukung peningkatan elektrifikasi di kawasan 3T.

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The electrification ratio of Indonesia has achieved 98.89% in 2019, but there are still many regions where the electrification ratio is relatively low, even some still do not enjoy access to electricity. Low electrification is especially felt by Indonesians living in 3T areas (terdepan/ frontier, terluar/outermost, dan tertinggal/lagging) or on small islands. On the other side, Indonesia, that is geographically an archipelagic and located in the tropics, has high potential in the development of renewable energy for electrical power generation especially solar energy. This study aims to design a solar home & pumpung system (SHPS) model and assess its feasibility. In this concept the SHPS scheme is purposed to provide electricity access to 3T community for the needs of illumination and access to clean water. A total of 4 units of 3 watt LED lights integrated with batteries are used for lighting each household, while a 600 watt water pump can be used communally for 150 households. Both the lamp and the water pump are supplied with electrical energy from their respective solar panels. There are 3 scenarios in the implementation of SHPS for a total of 150 households with a discount rate for investments of 10%. Scenario 1 is a full investment of Rp 806 million, NPV = Rp 2.8 million, IRR = 10.05%, PI = 1,003, payback period in 9 years, with a lifetime of 20 years. Scenario 2 is a full grant by the government/private sector with a budget of Rp 480.5 million. Scenario 3 is a grant by the government/private sector for solar lights (LTSHE program) and an investment scheme for solar water pumps with an investment cost of Rp 56 million, NPV = Rp 1.2 million, IRR = 11.21%, PI = 1,021, payback period of 3 years, with a lifetime of 20 years. Another advantage in the SHPS scheme is the potential elimination of carbon dioxide emissions of 4.5 tons per year if for the same needs utilized diesel-fueled generators. Therefore, SHPS is feasible to be developed in support of increasing electrification in the 3T region.

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"Stunting masih menjadi masalah gizi utama bagi anak di Indonesia. Laporan data SSGI 2022 menunjukkan prevalensi stunting di Indonesia mencapai 21,6%. Stunting disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, di antaranya akses air bersih dan sanitasi melalui penyakit infeksi. Pada tahun 2020, akses kualitas air minum aman di Indonesia hanya mencapai 11,9%. Selain itu, angka rumah tangga yang memiliki sarana toilet dengan sambungan tangki septik tertutup dan rutin dibersihkan kurang dari 8%. Di sisi lain, program akses air bersih dan sanitasi di Indonesia belum menjadi prioritas dalam penanggulangan stunting. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana akses air bersih dan sanitasi memengaruhi stunting. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain crosssectional dengan populasi seluruh anak usia 6-23 bulan di Indonesia. Seluruh subjek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi menjadi sampel penelitian, yaitu sebanyak 56.536 sampel. Uji statistik menggunakan uji regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara akses air bersih dan sanitasi dengan stunting. Anak dengan akses air bersih dan sanitasi yang kurang memiliki odds 1,17 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami stunting. Dengan demikian, peningkatan akses terhadap air bersih dan sanitasi yang layak perlu dilakukan untuk menanggulangi stunting.

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Stunting is still a major nutritional problem for children in Indonesia. The 2022 SSGI data report shows that the prevalence of stunting in Indonesia has reached 21.6%. Stunting is caused by many factors, including access to clean water and sanitation through infectious diseases. In 2020, access to safe drinking water in Indonesia will only reach 11.9%. In addition, the number of households that have toilet facilities with closed septic tank connections and are regularly cleaned is less than 8%. On the other hand, clean water and sanitation access programs in Indonesia have not been a priority in preventing stunting. Therefore, this research aims to find out the relationship between access to clean water and sanitation with stunting. This study used a cross-sectional design with a population of all children aged 6–23 months in Indonesia. All subjects who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria became the research sample, namely 56,536 samples. Statistical tests use multiple logistic regressions. The research results show that there is a significant relationship between access to clean water, sanitation, and stunting. Children with poor access to clean water and sanitation have 1.17 times higher odds of experiencing stunting. Thus, increasing access to clean water and proper sanitation needs to be done to overcome stunting."

"Akses ke sanitasi dan sumber air masih terbatas di Indonesia, dengan banyak komunitas yang masih terpapar buang air besar sembarangan. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sanitasi dan sumber air yang tidak memadai dapat menyebabkan penyakit yang berdampak negatif pada kinerja akademis, termasuk kehadiran di sekolah, rentang perhatian, dan retensi informasi. Hal ini menekankan pentingnya sanitasi yang layak. Memiliki akses ke sanitasi dan air yang layak di rumah tangga dapat menghasilkan hasil pendidikan yang lebih baik, termasuk kemampuan kognitif. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan: apakah anak-anak yang tinggal di rumah tangga dengan sanitasi yang lebih baik memiliki skor kognitif yang lebih tinggi? Dengan menggunakan analisis t-test, studi ini membandingkan rata-rata skor kognitif anak-anak yang tinggal di rumah tangga dengan sanitasi yang lebih baik, yang mencakup sumber air dan fasilitas toilet, dengan mereka yang tinggal di rumah tangga dengan fasilitas sanitasi yang tidak memadai. Analisis ini mengungkapkan bahwa anak-anak yang tinggal di rumah tangga dengan sanitasi yang lebih baik memiliki skor kognitif yang secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan mereka yang tinggal di rumah tangga dengan fasilitas yang tidak memadai, yang menyoroti peran penting sanitasi yang layak dalam meningkatkan perkembangan kognitif anak-anak.

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Access to sanitation and water sources remains limited in Indonesia, with many communities still exposed to open defecation. Studies indicate that inadequate sanitation and water sources can lead to illnesses that negatively impact academic performance, including school attendance, attention span, and information retention. This underscores the importance of proper sanitation. Having access to proper sanitation and water in households can lead to better educational outcomes, including cognitive ability. This study seeks to answer the question: do children living in households with improved sanitation have better cognitive scores? By using t-test analysis, this study compares the mean cognitive scores of children living in households with improved sanitation, which includes water sources and toilet facilities, to those living in the households with unimproved sanitation facilities. The analysis reveals that children living in households with improved sanitation have significantly higher cognitive scores compared to those living in households with unimproved facilities, highlighting the critical role of proper sanitation in improving children’s cognitive development.

 

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"[ABSTRAKTesis ini meneliti tentang kebijakan akses ke repositori institusi di UPTPerpustakaan Universitas Negeri Malang (UM). Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenganalisis kebijakan akses dan aksesibilitas ke repositori institusi di UPTPerpustakaan UM, hambatan penerapan akses terbuka, serta pandangan pemangkujabatan terhadap repositori institusi akses terbuka. Metode yang digunakan adalahstudi kasus dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan denganobservasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa terdapat resistensi dan perbedaan pandangan antar pemangku jabatanterhadap repositori institusi akses terbuka berdampak pada kebijakan akses danaksesibilitas ke repositori institusi, bahwa dalam rangka perlindungan karyaakademik diterapkan pembatasan akses yang secara eksplisit belum ada payunghukumnya. Pembatasan akses tersebut berimbas pada pengguna dan visibilitaslembaga induk yaitu timbulnya komplain dari pengguna perpustakaan yangmayoritas generasi digital dan menurunnya peringkat universitas di Webometrics.

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ABSTRACTThis thesis examines access policy to institutional repository in State Universityof Malang Library. This study aims to analize access policy and accessibility toinstitutional repository, barriers to adoption of open access, as well as the views ofstakeholders to open access institutional repository. The method used is the casestudy method with qualitative approach. Data was collected by observation,interviews, and document analysis. The result shows that the resistance anddisagreement among the stakeholders toward open access institutional repositoryaffect the access policy and accessibility to institutional repository. In protectingacademic work, access restrictions which is explicitly does not have legality isapplied. The access restriction affects users and visibility of institution. Itgenerates complaints from library users most of whom are digital generation. Therestriction also declines the university rank in Webometrics., This thesis examines access policy to institutional repository in State Universityof Malang Library. This study aims to analize access policy and accessibility toinstitutional repository, barriers to adoption of open access, as well as the views ofstakeholders to open access institutional repository. The method used is the casestudy method with qualitative approach. Data was collected by observation,interviews, and document analysis. The result shows that the resistance anddisagreement among the stakeholders toward open access institutional repositoryaffect the access policy and accessibility to institutional repository. In protectingacademic work, access restrictions which is explicitly does not have legality isapplied. The access restriction affects users and visibility of institution. Itgenerates complaints from library users most of whom are digital generation. Therestriction also declines the university rank in Webometrics.]"