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"Pemanfaatan pelayanan proram UKGM dipengaruhi oleh perilaku ibu dan pengelolaan program oleh Puskesmas. Karies masih termasuk dalam sepuluh penyakit terbesar dan cakupan pembinaan kesehatan gigi di masyarakat masih rendah yaitu 19,6 %. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemanfaatan program UKGM oleh ibu yang memiliki anak usia 2 sampai 5 tahun di Posyandu Kecamatan Medan Satria Kota Bekasi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian sekuensial eksplanatori (mixed methods) dengan desain cross sectional dan jumlah sampel 400 responden. Untuk menggali lebih mendalam permasalahan rendahnya pemanfaatan program UKGM, penelitian ini dilengkapi dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam kepada manajemen puskesmas dan diskusi kelompok terarah kepada kader posyandu mengenai permasalahan yang ada.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kuantitatif, pekerjaan, dukungan keluarga dan kebutuhan perawatan gigi dan mulut anak merupakan variabel yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan program UKGM di posyandu. Sedangkan sikap, dukungan keluarga dan kebutuhan perawatan gigi dan mulut anak merupakan variabel paling signifikan dalam pemanfaatan program UKGM di posyandu. Berbeda dengan hasil pendekatan kualitatif yang memperlihatkan bahwa justru fasilitas yang lebih mempengaruhi pemanfaatan program UKGM. Selain itu monitoring dan evaluasi belum dilakukan secara rutin. Rekomendasi pada penelitian ini adalah diharapkan untuk melengkapi fasilitas terutama alat peraga penyuluhan dan alat periksa gigi (diagnostic set), memberikan pelatihan UKGM pada kader posyandu serta melakukan monitoring setiap bulan dan evaluasi setiap tiga bulan sekali.

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The utilization of UKGM program is influenced by maternal behavior and program management by the Puskesmas. Caries is still among the top ten diseases and the scope of dental health development in the community is still low at 19.6%. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence the utilization of the UKGM program by mothers who have children aged 2 to 5 years at Posyandu, Medan Satria District, Bekasi City. This research is an explanatory sequential study (mixed methods) with a cross sectional design and a sample of 400 respondents. To find out more about the problem of the low utilization of the UKGM program, this study was supplemented by a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with puskesmas management and focus group discussions on posyandu workers regarding existing problems.

Based on the results of quantitative research, work, family support and dental and oral care needs of children were variables related to the utilization of the UKGM program at the posyandu. Whereas attitudes, family support and children's dental and oral care needs were the most significant variables in the utilization of the UKGM program at the posyandu. It is different from the results of a qualitative approach that shows that it is precisely the facilities that influence the utilization of the UKGM program. In addition, monitoring and evaluation have not been carried out routinely. Recommendations in this study are expected to complement facilities, especially counseling teaching aids and dental kits (diagnostic set), provide UKGM training to posyandu workers and conduct monitoring every month and evaluation every three months."

"Di Indonesia laporan mengenai keparahan karies gigi berdasarkan indeks def-t/DMFT dan indeks pufa/PUFA masih langka. Tujuan penelitian ini diketahuinya tingkat keparahan karies gigi pada murid sekolah dasar di daerah tertinggal dan perkotaan. Penelitian ini adalah survey deskriptif.Hasil penelitian status keparahan karies gigi di daerah perkotaan menurut indeks def-t 3,38, indeks DMF-T 0,54, indeks pufa 0,83, indeks PUFA 0,07, rasio pufa 28,6%. Status keparahan karies gigi di daerah tertinggal menurut indeks pufa 1,63 dan indeks PUFA 0,4. Indeks def-t/DMF-T berkaitan dengan pencegahan karies gigi. Indeks pufa/PUFA berkaitan dengan pelayanan kesehatan.

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In Indonesia research about caries severity in accordance to dmft and pufa index is infrequent. The purpose is knowing level of caries severity between rural and urban area. This study is using descriptive survey studies as methode. Caries severity status in elementary school students in urban area according to deft index is 3.38, DMFT index 0,54, pufa index 0.83, PUFA index 0,07, Pufa Ratio 28,6%.

Caries severity status in elementary school students in rural area according to pufa index is 1,63 and PUFA index 0,4. def-t/DMF-T index is related to caries prevention strategy. Pufa/PUFA index is related to health service."

"Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan karies gigi pada murid SD di Kota Jambi Tahun 2014. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 59,3% responden karies gigi. Susunan gigi dan derajat keasaman saliva merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan karies gigi, dimana responden dengan derajat keasaman saliva yang tidak normal berisiko terjadi karies gigi 2,6 kali dibanding yang normal setelah dikontrol oleh susunan gigi dan kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Susunan gigi tidak teratur berisiko terjadi karies gigi 2,6 kali dibanding yang teratur, setelah dikontrol oleh derajat keasaman saliva dan kebersihan gigi dan mulut. Disarankan untuk meningkatkan upaya promotif dan preventif pada murid SD di Kota Jambi.

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The purpose of this study to determine the factors associated with dental caries in primary school students in the city of Jambi 2014. The study used a cross-sectional design. The results were obtained 59.3 % of respondents dental caries. Arrangement of the teeth and saliva acidity is a factor associated with dental caries, where respondents with the degree of acidity abnormal salivary caries risk occurs 2.6 times compared to normal after controlled by the arrangement of teeth and oral hygiene. The composition of irregular teeth caries risk occurs 2.6 times compared to regular, once controlled by the acidity of saliva and oral hygiene. It is recommended to increase the promotive and preventive primary school students in the city of Jambi."

"Latar Belakang: Prevalensi karies gigi anak di Indonesia yang tinggi disebabkan karena perilaku ibu yang buruk dalam menjaga kebersihan gigi anaknya. Tujuan: Mengetahui peran lembar balik dan lembar evaluasi KMGS dalam merubah perilaku ibu terhadap kesehatan gigi mulut balita. Metode: melakukan pelatihan kader menggunakan lembar balik, pemeriksaan kesehatan gigi mulut balita, kemudian dievaluasi setelah diintervensi menggunakan lembar evaluasi KMGS. Hasil: terdapat peningkatan (57,15%) bermakna (p<0,05) perilaku ibu pada kelompok intervensi, penurunan bermakna (p<0,05) indeks plak (60%) dan skor kematangan plak (25,71%) anak. Kesimpulan: media lembar balik efektif meningkatkan perilaku ibu.

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Background: The high prevalence of early childhood caries in Indonesia is caused bymother’s behaviour of maintaining children’s oral hygiene.

Purpose: to know aboutthe role of flipchart and KMGS in maintaining mother's behaviour toward children's dental health.

Methods: training for cadre by using flipchart, examination of children's dental and oral health and evaluating after the intervention by using KMGS.

Results: there’s a significant improvement (57.15%) of mother’s behaviour (p<0,050) in intervention group, a significant reduction (p<0.05) of child plaque index (60%) and plaque maturity score (25.71%).

Conclusion: flipchart is an effective media to improve mother’s behaviour."

"Latar Belakang: ECC merupakan penyakit multifactorial pada anak. Tujuan: menganalisis korelasi antara viskositas saliva, frekuensi menyikat gigi dan asupan karbohidrat dengan skor dmft pada anak ECC usia 3 – 5 tahun. Metode: viskositas saliva, frekuensi menyikat gigi, dan asupan karbohidrat dari 21 subjek dianalisis korelasinya dengan skor dmft menggunakan regresi linier. Hasil: koefisien korelasi (r): antara asupan karbohidrat dengan skor dmft adalah 0,569; viskosita saliva dengan skor dmft adalah 0,389; dan frekuensi menyikat gigi dengan skor dmft adalah – 0,179. Korelasi dari ketiga faktor diperoleh F-hitung = 3,19 > F-tabel (0,05) = 2,43743. Kesimpulan: ketiga faktor berkorelasi terhadap skor dmft dengan asupan karbohidrat menunjukkan korelasi yang kuat untuk terjadinya ECC.

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Background: ECC is a multifactorial desease in children.

Aim: analyzed the correlation between the viscosity of saliva, tooth brushing frequency and carbohydrate intake with dmft score in ECC aged 3 – 5 years.

Methods: the correlation from 21 data viscosity of saliva, tooth brushing frequency, and carbohydrate intake were analyzed with dmft score using linear regression

Results: the correlation coefficient (r): between carbohydrate intake with dmft score was 0.569; the viscosity of saliva with dmft score was 0.389; and the frequency of tooth brushing with dmft score was – 0.179. Correlation of three factors obtained F-count = 3.19 > F-table (0,05) = 2.43743.

Conclusion: The three factors correlate to dmft score with carbohydrate intake showed a strong relationship to the ECC."

"Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek aplikasi SDF pada anak usia 36-71 bulan dalam menghentikan karies aktif dan menurunkan faktor risiko karies. Sampel yang digunakan adalah anak-anak PAUD Rama-rama yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara acak: kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan. Skor karies dan pH plak anak diperiksa sebelum dan tiga bulan setelah dilakukan aplikasi SDF. Kuesioner ADA Caries Risk Assessment diisi oleh ibu subjek saat baseline. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada jumlah karies aktif dan pH plak anak kelompok perlakuan setelah dilakukan aplikasi SDF. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa SDF berpotensi efektif dalam menghentikan karies aktif gigi sulung dan menurunkan faktor risiko karies.

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The study aimed to assess the effect of SDF application to 36-71 months children in arresting active caries and decreasing caries risk factor. Samples were children at PAUD Rama-rama, randomly divided into two groups: control and intervention group. Caries score and plaque pH were examined before and three months after SDF application. ADA Caries Risk Assessment questionnaire was filled by subject’s mother. There were significant differences at number of active caries and plaque pH in intervention group after SDF application. It was concluded that SDF was potentially effective in arresting active caries on primary teeth and decreasing caries risk factor. rama randomly divided into two groups which are control and intervention group Teeth caries score and plaque pH were examined before and three months after SDF application ADA Caries Risk Assessment questionnaire was answered by subject rsquo s mother Result There were significant differences at number of active caries on decayed teeth p 0 000 mean SD 2 61 2 44 extracted teeth p 0 001 mean SD 1 10 2 80 and plaque pH p 0 008 mean SD 6 53 0 40 in control gorup compared to intervention group after SDF application Conclusion SDF was potentially effective in arresting active caries on primary teeth and decreasing caries risk factor."

"Ibu memiliki peran penting dalam keluarga, terutama dalam pembentukan perilaku kesehatan gigi dan mulut anaknya karena ibu merupakan pengasuh utama dalam keluarga. Molar permanen pertama rentan terhadap karies karena gigi ini merupakan gigi permanen yang pertama kali tumbuh dan banyak tidak mengetahui keberadaan gigi ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dengan angka karies molar permanen pertama pada anak. Disain penelitian adalah analitik deskriptif potong lintang. Variabel yang dihubungkan adalah perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dengan angka karies molar permanen pertama. Kuisioner untuk menilai perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu melalui model Knowledge, Attiude, and Practice (KAP) dan pemeriksaan karies dilakukan secara klinis mengikuti WHO. Perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dinilai dari pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu. Analisa statistic dengan uji komparasi Mann-Whitney dan Kruskal-Wallis, serta uji korelasi menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman. Uji komparasi antara karakteristik ibu dengan angka karies molar permanen pertama pada anak memperlihatkan ada perbedaan tidak bermakna (p ³ 0,05). Uji korelasi antara perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dengan angka karies molar permanen pertama menunjukkan korelasi kuat (r ³ 0, 66) dan bermakna (p £ 0,05). Uji korelasi antara perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dengan pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan kesehatan gigi-mulut anak yang karies dan tidak karies ditemukan korelasi kuat (r ³ 0,66) dan bermakna (p £ 0,05). Kesimpulan tidak ada hubungan antara usia ibu, tingkat pendidikan dan status pekerjaan ibu dengan angka karies molar permanen satu anak. Ada hubungan bermakna antara perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dengan angka karies molar permanen pertama pada anak. Ada hubungan antara perilaku kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu dengan pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan kesehatan gigi-mulut ibu.

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A mother has a very important role in the family, especially in shaping the oral health behavior of the child because mother is the main caregiver in the family. First permanent molar is susceptible to caries because these teeth were the first permanent teeth that erupt and many people not knowing the location of these teeth. The objective of the study is to analyze the relation between mother?s oral behaviors with the caries rate of child?s first permanent molar. The study design was analytic descriptive cross-sectional. The variables to correlate were the mother?s oral health behaviors with the caries rate of child?s first permanent molar. The questioner to assess the oral health behavior of the mother was through Knowledge, Attiude, and Practice (KAP) survey and the caries assessment was done according to WHO. Oral health behavior of the mother was asses from oral health knowledge, attitude and practice of the mother. Statistic analysis with Mann-Whitney dan Kruskal-Walliscomparison test, as well as Spearman correlation test was used. Comparison test between the mother?s and child?s characteristic with caries rate of first permanent molars showed there was no significant difference (p ³ 0,05). Correlation test between oral health behavior with caries rate of first permanent molar showed strong (r ³ 0, 66) and significant(p £ 0,05) correlation. Correlation test between mother?s oral health behavior and oral health knowledge, attitude and practice of the mother showed strong (r ³ 0,66) and significant (p £ 0,05) correlation.It can be concluded that there was a significant correlation between oral health behavior of the mother and caries rate of child?s first permanent molar. It also concluded that there was no correlation between mother?s age, educational level, and employment status of the mother with first permanent molar caries rate of the children. There is a significant correlation between the mother?s behavior and the first permanent molar caries rate of the child. There is a correlation between oral health behavior of the mother and the oral health knowledge, attitude, and practice of the mother."

"Latar Belakang: Protein merupakan komponen utama yang berperan dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jaringan tubuh. Protein terdiri dari protein hewani dan nabati. Protein hewani terdapat dalam ikan, daging, dan telur. Defisiensi protein hewani dapat menyebabkan karies akibat menurunnya sistem pertahanan tubuh, atropi kelenjar saliva, serta adanya risiko kelainan struktur email gigi. Gigi molar satu permanen merupakan gigi yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai status kesehatan gigi anak karena memiliki anatomi pit dan fissure yang dalam, dan gigi tersebut erupsi pada usia dimana anak sering mengkonsumsi makanan manis. Usia 8 – 9 tahun dipilih karena pada usia tersebut gigi molar satu permanen telah erupsi dan gigi tersebut telah terpapar selama 2- 3 tahun di dalam rongga mulut, serta pada usia tersebut membutuhkan asupan nutrisi yang baik untuk mendukung pertumbuhan.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan tingkat konsumsi protein hewani dengan karies gigi molar satu permanen pada anak usia 8 – 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat. Metode: Desain studi cross sectional. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 109 orang, yang dipilih menggunakan purposive sampling. Variabel yang digunakan bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani dengan karies gigi molar satu permanen. Kuesioner yang digunakan untuk mengukur frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani yaitu Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) dan pemeriksaan klinis karies gigi molar satu permanen menggunakan skor International Caries Detection and Assesment System (ICDAS).Hasil: Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan distribusi frekuensi karies pada gigi molar satu permanen anak usia 8-9 tahun adalah 1,8% bebas karies, 63,3% karies email, dan 34,9% karies dentin-pulpa. Hubungan frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani dengan karies menunjukkan hubungan tidak bermakna secara statistik (p>0,05). Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan tidak bermakna antara frekuensi konsumsi protein hewani dengan karies gigi molar satu permanen pada anak usia 8 – 9 tahun di Jakarta Pusat.

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Background : Protein is the main component that have a role in body tissue’s growth and development. Protein consists of animal protein and plant protein. Animal protein can be found in fish, meat and egg. Protein deficiency can increase caries risk because of decreased immune system, salivary gland atrophy, and abnormalities of enamel structure. First permanent molar is a teeth that can be used to assess children’s oral health because it is more susceptible to caries than any other teeth. This tooth is susceptible to caries because it has deep pit & fissure anatomy and erupts at the age where children consume sweet food more often. Children aged 8 – 9 years is chosen because the first permanent is exposed long enough to oral environment and needed good nutrition for growth.

Aim: To analyze the correlation between animal protein consumption frequency and first permanent molar caries on children aged 8 – 9 years in Central Jakarta.

Method: This study design is cross sectional. Total research subject is 109 people that is chosen by purposive sampling method. The variables that are used in this research aim to analyze the correlation between animal protein consumption frequency and first permanent molar caries. Questionnaire that is used to assess the consumption frequency is Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and clinical examination to assess severity of first permanent molar caries uses International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) score.

Result: This research shows first permanent molar caries frequency as follows; 1,8% free caries, 63,3% enamel caries, and 34,9% dentin-pulp caries. The correlation between animal protein consumption frequency and caries does not show any significant correlation (p>0,05).

Conclusion: There is no significant correlation between animal protein consumption frequency and first permanent molar caries in children aged 8 – 9 tahun in Central Jakarta."

"Tingginya angka karies gigi pada anak usia sekolah seiring kebiasaan masyarakat Indonesia yang belum menerapkan kebiasaan baik dalam menggosok gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kebiasaan menggosok gigi sebelum tidur malam dengan karies pada siswa sekolah dasar. Desain penelitian adalah deskriptif korelatif pada 108 responden yang dipilih secara stratified random sampling di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Istiqomah Tangerang. Ada hubungan bermakna antara kebiasaan menggosok gigi sebelum tidur malam dengan karies dengan Pvalue 0,039 menggunakan uji chi-square. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah orangtua dan guru perlu membiasakan anak untuk menggosok gigi sebelum tidur malam sejak usia sekolah.

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The high prevalence of dental caries among school-age children as Indonesian people have not implemented good habit of tooth brushing. This research was aimed to explore the correlation between habit of tooth brushing before going to the bed at night with dental caries among elementary school students. The research used a descriptive correlation. Samples, 108 respondents were recruited using stratified random sampling at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Istiqomah in Tangerang. Habit of tooth brushing before going to the bed at night were significantly correlated with dental caries among students with Pvalues 0,039 used chi-square. Based on findings, parents and teachers have to teach good habit of tooth brushing before going to bed at night."