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"Perawatan yang Adil dan Adil (FET) adalah prinsip yang dikenal di dunia internasional hukum investasi dan juga dikenal dalam hukum perdagangan internasional. FET adalah prinsip itu mengatur tingkat perlakuan pemerintah terhadap investasi dari investor asing. Penelitian ini akan menguraikan FET dengan kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia yang mensyaratkan divestasi perusahaan modal asing di pertambangan mineral dan batubara menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 beserta peraturan turunannya. Ini Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (i) Menentukan pemahaman FET dan penerapan FET dalam hukum investasi; (ii) Mengetahui mekanisme divestasi saham PT perusahaan mineral dan batubara, dan; (iii) Mengakui pelanggaran terhadap prinsip FET tentang perubahan dalam pengaturan divestasi untuk pertambangan mineral dan batubara perusahaan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis-normatif. Secara hukum, kewajiban divestasi harus dilihat sebagai kebijaksanaan dan kewajiban pemerintah dalam melaksanakan mandat konstitusi. Melalui FET, Pemerintah Indonesia secara konsisten menghormati dan menjaga keefektifanPrinsip FET. Untuk menjaga keseimbangan antara tujuan saham divestasi dan kewajiban untuk menjaga kepastian hukum bagi investor asing, Pemerintah Indonesia perlu menyeimbangkan kewajiban untuk mengeksploitasi alamnya sumber daya sebanyak mungkin dengan kewajiban untuk memberikan kepastian hukum untuk investor. Oleh karena itu, perubahan peraturan yang berkelanjutan akan membuka risiko a arbitrase mengklaim dasar tidak adanya kepastian hukum.

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Fair and Just Care (FET) is an internationally recognized principle investment law and also known in international trade law. FET is that principle regulates the level of government treatment of investment from foreign investors. This research will elaborate on FET with the policies of the Government of Indonesia whichrequires divestment of foreign capital companies in mineral and coal mining according to Law Number 4 of 2009 and its derivative regulations. This This study aims to: (i) Determine FET understanding and application FET in investment law; (ii) Knowing the mechanism for the divestment of shares of PT mineral and coal companies, and; (iii) Recognize violations of FET principlesabout changes in divestment arrangements for mineral and coal mining company. The research method used is juridical-normative. Legally, divestment obligations must be seen as discretion and obligation the government in carrying out the constitutional mandate. Through FET, The Indonesian government consistently respects and maintains effectiveness FET principle. To maintain a balance between stock goals divestments and obligations to maintain legal certainty for foreign investors, The Indonesian government needs to balance the obligation to exploit its nature as many resources as possible with an obligation to provide legal certainty for investor. Therefore, continuous regulation changes will open up risks a Arbitration claims the basis of the absence of legal certainty."

"Era bare pengusahaan dan pengelolaan pertambangan khususnya mineral dan batubara pada masa sekarang dimulai dengan diterbitkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 4 tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara atau biasa dikenal dengan nama UU Minerba. UU Minerba memberikan arah baru kebijakan pertambangan mineral dan batubara di Indonesia ke depannya termasuk diantaranya dalam hal pengaturan Domestic Market Obligation (DMO), kebijakan produksi mineral dan batubara, peningkatan nilai tambah pertambangan, ketentuan divestasi saham usaha pertambangan asing Berta praktik pertambangan yang baik dan benar. Tesis ini secara khusus memfokuskan kajiannya pada ketentuan divestasi wham pertambangan penanaman modal asing yang terdapat dalam UU Minerba beserta peraturan pelaksanaannya termasuk juga menganalisis kewajiban divestasi saham yang terdapat dalam Kontrak Karya PT. Freeport Indonesia yang scat ini sedang dalam tahap renegosiasi oleh Pemerintah Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang dipakai dalam penulisan tesis ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analisis karena akan mendeskripsikan dan memberikan gambaran secara sistematis, faktual dan akurat mengenai ketentuan divestasi wham usaha pertambangan asing sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam UU Minerba beserta peraturan pelaksanaannya. Sedangkan dilihat dari bentuknya merupakan penelitian evaluatif karena akan menilai dan menganalisa proses renegosiasi khususnya ketentuan divestasi saham di dalam Kontrak Karya PT. Freeport Indonesia. Dari sudut tujuan penelitian hokum maka penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hokum yuridis normatif karena sasaran penelitian ini adalah hokum atau kaedah (norm). Disamping itu penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan, sehingga data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, dengan penelusuran literatur-literatur Berta berbagai peraturan terkait yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa divestasi wham pada dasarnya merupakan salah satu bentuk kewajiban yang harus dilakukan oleh penanam modal asing atau investor asing kepada pemerintah Indonesia atau warga negara Indonesia atau badan hokum Indonesia dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat banyak karena dividen yang diterima oleh pembeli saham akan dapat dipergunakan dalam pembangunan daerah dan pengembangan masyarakat. Terkait dengan renegosiasi ketentuan divestasi wham dalam Kontrak Karya PT. Freeport Indonesia diperlukan kebijakan dan ketegasan untuk menata keistimewaan yang selama ini telah diperoleh PT. Freeport Indonesia melalui Kontrak Karyanya. Penulis menyarankan agar Pemerintah Indonesia dapat menciptakan suatu iklim penanaman modal yang dapat menarik modal asing masuk ke Indonesia dimana diperlukan suatu upaya dan terobosan dalam mengeluarkan peraturan-peraturan tentang penanaman modal asing dan kebijaksanaan pemerintah yang pada dasarnya tidak akan merugikan kepentingan nasional dan kepentingan investor.

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The new era of business and management of mining especially on mineral and coal, currently begins with the issuance of Law No. 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining or commonly known as the Mining Law. Mining Law provide the new policy direction of mineral and coal mining in Indonesia in the future including in terms of Domestic Market Obligation (DMO), mineral and coal production policy, the increasing in value-added mining, shares divestment of foreign investment mining company and good mining practices.

This thesis specifically focuses its studies on the provision of mining shares divestment of foreign investment as set forth in the Mining Law and its implementing regulations as well as the analyzing of the divestment obligations as contained in the Contract of Work of PT. Freeport Indonesia which is currently under renegotiation by the Government of Indonesia.

The research method used in this thesis is a descriptive analysis since it will describe and illustrate a systematic, factual and accurate information on the terms of foreign mining divestment as mandated by the Mining Law and its implementing regulations. In the terms of of its forms, this research is an evaluative research as it will assess and analyze the process of renegotiation especially divestment provisions in the Contract of Work of PT. Freeport Indonesia. From the purpose of law research point of view, this research is a normative legal research since the goal of this research is legal or norm. Thus, this research is also a library research, so that the data used are the secondary data, the literature search as well as a variety of related regulations issued by the government.

The conclusion of this research is that the divestment is basically a form of obligation that must be carried out by the foreign investors or foreign investors to the Indonesian government or Indonesian citizens or Indonesian legal entities with the aim to improve the welfare of people due to the dividends that received by stock buyers will be used in local development and community development. Relating to renegotiation in the terms of shares divestment in the Contract of Work of PT. Freeport Indonesia, it needed the policy and firmness for managing the privileges that had been acquired by PT. Freeport Indonesia through its Contract of Work. The author recommends that the Government of Indonesia shall create an investment climate that can attract foreign capital into Indonesia where it will need effort and breakthrough in terms of regulations issuance of foreign investment and also government policies that basically will not prejudice the national and investors' interest."

"ABSTRAKPenyimpangan terhadap pengaturan divestasi saham asing di perusahaan pertambangan mineral dan batu bara telah terjadi di Indonesia pada tahun-tahun sebelumnya, yang mana hal ini memberikan dampak kepada perekonomian Indonesia. Praktik yang digunakan untuk menyimpangi pengaturan tersebut tak lain dan tak bukan melalui konsep beneficial ownership yakni suatu konsep kepemilikan yang berasal dari sistem hukum common law mengenai pemisahan kepemilikan antara pemilik secara hukum legal owner dan pemilik sebenarnya beneficial owner . Skripsi ini membahas konsepsi beneficial owner, kaitan antara penguasaan tambang dengan kesejahteraan rakyat, urgensi pengaturan beneficial owner dalam kewajiban divestasi saham asing di perusahaan pertambangan mineral dan batubara, dan usulan pada pengaturan divestasi saham asing di perusahaan pertambangan mineral dan batu bara dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif yang mengutamkan data sekunder.

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ABSTRACTBreach on the arrangement of foreign share divestment in mineral and coal mining companies have occurred in Indonesia in previous years, which has had an impact on the Indonesian economy. The practice used to distort the arrangement is nothing but the concept of beneficial ownership that is a concept of ownership derived from the common law system of legal separation of ownership between the legal owner and the beneficial owner. This thesis discusses the conception of beneficial owner, the link between mine control and social welfare, the urgency of beneficial owner arrangement in the obligation of foreign share divestment in mineral and coal mining company, and a recomendation on foreign share divestment in mineral and coal mining company by using juridical research method normative secondary data. "

"Skripsi ini membahas mengenai ketentuan kewajiban divestasi saham bagi perusahaan asing di bidang pertambangan mineral menurut UU No. 4 Tahun 2009 dan peraturan pelaksananya serta sinkronisasinya dengan hasil renegosiasi kontrak karya PT. Freeport Indonesia. Setelah melewati proses renegosiasi, pada akhirnya tercapai kesepakatan antara Pemerintah Republik Indonesia dan PT. Freeport Indonesia yang menentukan bahwa kewajiban divestasi saham PT. Freeport Indonesia adalah sebesar 30%. Dengan menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil renegosiasi kontrak karya PT. Freeport tidak sinkron dengan peraturan yang berlaku pada saat itu yaitu PP No. 24 Tahun 2012, yang mengatur perusahaan asing di bidang pertambangan mineral untuk mendivestasikan sahamnya paling sedikit sebesar 51%. Setelah PP No. 24 Tahun 2012 diubah dengan PP No. 77 Tahun 2014, maka ketentuan kewajiban divestasi saham hasil renegosiasi kontrak karya PT. Freeport Indonesia dengan peraturan perundang-undangan telah sinkron.

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This thesis examines the provisions regarding share divestment obligation for foreign mineral mining company according to Law No. 4 of 2009 and its implementing regulations, and the synchronisation with the result of contract of work renegotiation of PT. Freeport Indonesia. After going through the process of renegotiation, the Government of Republic of Indonesia and PT. Freeport Indonesia eventually reached an understanding that PT. Freeport Indonesia is obliged to divest 30% of its share.

By using normative juridical research, this study shows that the result of contract of work renegotiation of PT. Freeport Indonesia is not in sync with the applicabe regulation i.e. Government Regulation No. 24 of 2012 which requires foreign mineral mining company to divest at least 51% of its share. After Government Regulation No. 24 of 2012 is amended by Governement Regulation No. 77 of 2014, the provisions regarding share divestment obligation between the result of contract of work renegotiation of PT. Freeport Indonesia and Law No. 4 of 2009 and its implementing regulations has synchronised."

"Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 24 Tahun 2012 tentang Perubahan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2010 tentang Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Usaha Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara mengatur mengenai kewajiban divestasi saham pemegang izin usaha pertambangan asing, namun pada kenyataannya peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut masih memiliki ketidaklengkapan dan ketidakjelasan pengaturan, diantaranya mengenai mekanisme dan tata cara divestasi saham; prosedur penawaran; pilihan tata cara, kriteria penilaian, dan penetapan harga saham. Selain itu masih terdapat masalah, antara lain potensi sengketa dan renegosiasi KK/PKP2B sebagai akibat pengenaan kewajiban divestasi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini menganalisis secara kritis dan preskriptif mengenai: (1) peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur divestasi saham di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara serta analisis mengenai pembentukan dan penerapan peraturan perundang-undangan divestasi di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara; (2) tujuan pelaksanaan kewajiban divestasi saham di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara serta hambatan yang timbul dalam pencapaian tujuan divestasi saham; (3) persoalan hukum yang terjadi dan yang mungkin akan terjadi dalam pelaksanaan kewajiban divestasi saham di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara serta penyelesaian persoalannya dalam rangka pelaksanaan penanaman modal asing. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian yuridis-normatif. Pendekatan dalam penelitian hukum ini bersifat kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengaturan divestasi saham telah dimulai sejak Undang-Undang No. 11 Tahun 1967 sampai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 serta peraturan pelaksanaannya. Pengaturan yang telah ada dan masih berlaku tersebut, belum dapat diterapkan secara implementatif karena proses dan hasil pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan memiliki beberapa kelemahan. Selanjutnya penelitian juga menunjukan hasil bahwa divestasi saham berperan antara lain dalam rangka memastikan kepatuhan perusahaan dalam pembayaran pajak, royalti, dan kewajiban tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan; serta membangun tata kelola dan pengawasan yang lebih baik. Sedangkan hambatan pelaksanaan divestasi saham antara lain hambatan modal, realisasi divestasi pemegang saham asing rendah, dan kemauan politik Pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa masih banyak persoalan divestasi saham yang ada, diantaranya mengenai potensi sengketa divestasi dan pilihan mekanisme divestasi. Penyelesaian persoalan divestasi saham tersebut dapat dilakukan antara lain melalui pembentukan dan penguatan sovereign wealth funds sebagai unit pengelola divestasi saham; pembentukan holding BUMN di bidang pertambangan mineral dan batubara; pembentukan perusahaan konsorsium; serta renegosiasi KK dan PKP2B.

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Act Number 4 of 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining and Government Regulation Number 24 of 2012 on Revision of Government Regulation Number 23 of 2010 on Implementation of Mineral and Coal Mining Business Activity regulate share divestment of foreign mining business permit holder, however, in reality the said legislative regulations are still incomplete and vague in regulatory aspect, among others, on mechanism and procedure of share divestment; procedure of offer; choice of procedure, criteria of selection, and stipulation of share price. Moreover, there remains problems, among others are potential of dispute and KK and PKP2B renegotiation as a result of imposition of divestment obligation.

Based on the above, this research is to analyze critically and prescriptively on: (1) legislative regulations which regulate share divestment in mineral and coal mining area and analysis on making and application of legislative regulations in mineral and coal mining area; (2) goal of share divestment obligation in mineral and coal mining area and obstacle that might occur in reaching the goal of share divestment; (3) legal problem that happens and that might happen in implementation of share divestment obligation in mineral and coal mining area, together with settlement of the problem in the frame of foreign investment implementation. The research method being used is normative-juridical method, and the approach in this legal research is qualitative in nature.

The result of research shows that arrangement of share divestment has begun since Act Number 11 of 1967 until Act Number 4 of 2009 and their implementing regulations. The regulations that have existed and are still valid, cannot be applied because the process and result of making such legislative regulations have some weaknesses. In addition the research also shows the result that share divestment has important role among others, to make certain compliance of the company in payment of tax, royalty, and corporate social responsibility; and develop better governance and supervision. While the obstacles of share divestment, among others are capital, low realization of foreign shareholders divestment, and political will of Government and local government. Furthermore, the result of this research also shows there are still many problems of existing share divestment, among others are potential of divestment dispute and choice of divestment mechanism. Settlement for share divestment problem can be conducted, among others, through creation and reinforcement of sovereign wealth funds as share divestment management unit; creation of SOE holding in mineral and coal mining area; creation of consortium company; and renegotiation of KK and PKP2B."

"Konteks reformasi regulasi secara tepat menjadi penting untuk menunjang agendareformasi birokrasi di Indonesia. Eksistensi regulasi di Indonesia saat ini tidak terlepasdari isu tumpang tindih yang tidak menjamin kepastian hukum terutama di sektorpertambangan, mineral, dan batu bara. Adapun hal ini dapat dibenahi melalui strategireformasi regulasi sebagai upaya dalam mencapai tujuan nasional. Maka dari itu, skripsiini bertujuan untuk menganalisis regulatory reform pada sektor pertambangan, mineraldan batubara di Indonesia menggunakan konsep Modern Mining Code yangdikembangkan oleh Nguyen, Boruff & Tonts (2019). Penelitian ini menggunakanparadigma post-positivist dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melaluiwawancara mendalam dan studi kepustakaan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwaregulatory reform pada sektor pertambangan, mineral, dan batubara telah memberikanbeberapa manfaat mengenai kepastian investasi, hukum, dan simplifikasi permasalahanyang ada sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya terdapat 5 indikator yangtidak sesuai dengan regulatory reform perspektif modern mining code yaitu Foreignexchange access, Elimination of political pressure, Arbitration of impacts on localpeoples, Address indigenous issues, dan Stipulate rights of regulatory authority,sedangkan 24 indikator sisanya dari 10 dimensi yang ada pada teori Modern Mining codesudah sesuai dan terakomodir pada upaya regulatory reform sektor mineral dan batubara.

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The proper context of regulatory reform is important to support the bureaucratic reform

agenda in Indonesia. The existence of regulations in Indonesia today is inseparable from

overlapping issues that do not guarantee legal certainty, especially in the mining, mineral,

and coal sectors. This can be addressed through a regulatory reform strategy as an effort

to achieve national goals. Therefore, this thesis aims to analyze regulatory reform in the

mining, mineral, and coal sector in Indonesia using the Modern Mining Code concept

developed by Nguyen, Boruff & Tonts (2019). This study uses a post-positivist paradigm

with data collection techniques carried out through in-depth interviews and literature

study. Research findings indicate that regulatory reform in the mining, mineral, and coal

sectors has provided several benefits regarding investment certainty, law, and

simplification of previous problems. The research results show that there are only 5

indicators that are not by regulatory reform from the perspective of modern mining code,

namely Foreign exchange access, Elimination of political pressure, Arbitration of impacts

on local peoples, Address indigenous issues, and Stipulate rights of regulatory authority,

while the remaining 24 indicators are from The 10 dimensions in the Modern Mining

code theory are appropriate and accommodated in the regulatory reform efforts of the

mineral and coal sector."

"[Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 merupakan undang-undang yang dapat dikatakan cukup kontroversial bagi pertambangan mineral logam, karena merubah alur industri pertambangan logam tanah air menjadi tidak hanya mencakup kegiatan pertambangan semata, akan tetapi juga diwajibkan untuk perusahaan-perusahaan pertambangan melakukan kegiatan pengolahan dan pemurnian di dalam negeri dalam kurun waktu hanya 5 (lima) tahun saja. Keterbatasan infrastruktur di daerah-daerah, ketidaktersediaan listrik, serta kompleksnya birokrasi yang melingkupi perluasan bidang usaha lintas sektor antara pertambangan (hulu) dengan pemurnian (hilir) membuat hal tersebut menjadi terlalu sulit diwujudkan, ditambah lagi dengan inkonsistensi Pemerintah yang menetapkan kewajiban divestasi saham bagi Perusahaan Pertambangan Penanaman Modal Asing, dari 20% (dua puluh persen) di tahun 2010, menjadi 51% (lima puluh satu persen) di tahun 2012. Selain kedua hal tersebut, pada tahun ketiga sejak Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 diberlakukan, Pemerintah telah melarang kegiatan ekspor mineral mentah, akan tetapi mencabutnya kembali dan menetapkan ketentuan ekspor dengan tambahan birokrasi yang semakin panjang, sehingga menyebabkan investor pertambangan penanaman modal asing kehilangan waktu dan sulit dalam merealisasikan amanah Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tersebut. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk menampilkan fakta kesulitan-kesulitan yang dialami oleh PT. X selaku perusahaan penanaman modal asing dalam bidang pertambangan mineral nikel oleh karena kebijakan pertambangan yang tidak cukup berimbang.

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Law Number 4 Year 2009 could be considered as a controversy for the metal mineral mining businesses, since it has changed the scheme of domestic metal mineral mining industry to not only contains mining but also obliged the mining companies to conduct mineral smelting and processing domestically within period of only 5 (five) years. The limitation of infrastructure facilities within the counties, unavailability of electrical source, and the complexity of bureaucracies that facilitates such cross borders industrial sectors between the mining (mainstream industries) , and the smelting and processing (downstream industries) has caused such policy too unreasonable to be accomplished, moreover the inconsistency of the Government whom has stipulated the divestment terms for the foreign investing mining company, from 20% (twenty percent) in 2010, and re-stipulated it to became 51% (fifty one) percent within 2012. Apart from those two main issues herein, by the third year since the enactment of Law Number 4 Year 2009, the Government has banned the raw mineral export activities, however revoked such laws and enacted a new regulation of raw mineral export policies with additional/ longer bureaucracy’s mechanism process, therefore it has put the foreign mining investors within difficult circumstances to actualize the mandate of the laws itself. This Thesis intends to display the problematic facts that experienced by PT. X as a foreign investing mining company in nickel mining by the insufficient fairness of mining policies.;Law Number 4 Year 2009 could be considered as a controversy for the metal mineral mining businesses, since it has changed the scheme of domestic metal mineral mining industry to not only contains mining but also obliged the mining companies to conduct mineral smelting and processing domestically within period of only 5 (five) years. The limitation of infrastructure facilities within the counties, unavailability of electrical source, and the complexity of bureaucracies that facilitates such cross borders industrial sectors between the mining (mainstream industries) , and the smelting and processing (downstream industries) has caused such policy too unreasonable to be accomplished, moreover the inconsistency of the Government whom has stipulated the divestment terms for the foreign investing mining company, from 20% (twenty percent) in 2010, and re-stipulated it to became 51% (fifty one) percent within 2012. Apart from those two main issues herein, by the third year since the enactment of Law Number 4 Year 2009, the Government has banned the raw mineral export activities, however revoked such laws and enacted a new regulation of raw mineral export policies with additional/ longer bureaucracy’s mechanism process, therefore it has put the foreign mining investors within difficult circumstances to actualize the mandate of the laws itself. This Thesis intends to display the problematic facts that experienced by PT. X as a foreign investing mining company in nickel mining by the insufficient fairness of mining policies.;Law Number 4 Year 2009 could be considered as a controversy for the metal mineral mining businesses, since it has changed the scheme of domestic metal mineral mining industry to not only contains mining but also obliged the mining companies to conduct mineral smelting and processing domestically within period of only 5 (five) years. The limitation of infrastructure facilities within the counties, unavailability of electrical source, and the complexity of bureaucracies that facilitates such cross borders industrial sectors between the mining (mainstream industries) , and the smelting and processing (downstream industries) has caused such policy too unreasonable to be accomplished, moreover the inconsistency of the Government whom has stipulated the divestment terms for the foreign investing mining company, from 20% (twenty percent) in 2010, and re-stipulated it to became 51% (fifty one) percent within 2012. Apart from those two main issues herein, by the third year since the enactment of Law Number 4 Year 2009, the Government has banned the raw mineral export activities, however revoked such laws and enacted a new regulation of raw mineral export policies with additional/ longer bureaucracy’s mechanism process, therefore it has put the foreign mining investors within difficult circumstances to actualize the mandate of the laws itself. This Thesis intends to display the problematic facts that experienced by PT. X as a foreign investing mining company in nickel mining by the insufficient fairness of mining policies., Law Number 4 Year 2009 could be considered as a controversy for the metal mineral mining businesses, since it has changed the scheme of domestic metal mineral mining industry to not only contains mining but also obliged the mining companies to conduct mineral smelting and processing domestically within period of only 5 (five) years. The limitation of infrastructure facilities within the counties, unavailability of electrical source, and the complexity of bureaucracies that facilitates such cross borders industrial sectors between the mining (mainstream industries) , and the smelting and processing (downstream industries) has caused such policy too unreasonable to be accomplished, moreover the inconsistency of the Government whom has stipulated the divestment terms for the foreign investing mining company, from 20% (twenty percent) in 2010, and re-stipulated it to became 51% (fifty one) percent within 2012. Apart from those two main issues herein, by the third year since the enactment of Law Number 4 Year 2009, the Government has banned the raw mineral export activities, however revoked such laws and enacted a new regulation of raw mineral export policies with additional/ longer bureaucracy’s mechanism process, therefore it has put the foreign mining investors within difficult circumstances to actualize the mandate of the laws itself. This Thesis intends to display the problematic facts that experienced by PT. X as a foreign investing mining company in nickel mining by the insufficient fairness of mining policies.]"

"Tujuan Negara yaitu untuk memajukan kesejahteraan umum dan memajukan kesejahteraan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia. Saat ini mengenai pertambangan mineral dan batubara diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara. Dewasa ini hampir di semua negara khususnya negara berkembang membutuhkan modal asing. Modal asing itu merupakan suatu hal yang semakin penting bagi pembangunan suatu negara. Sehingga kehadiran investor asing nampaknya tidak mungkin dihindari. Yang menjadi permasalahan bahwa kehadiran investor asing sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi internal suatu negara, seperti stabilitas ekonomi, politik negara, penegakkan hukum. Penanaman modal asing memberikan keuntungan kepada semua pihak, tidak hanya bagi investor saja, tetapi juga bagi perekonomian negara tempat modal itu ditanamkan serta bagi negara asal para investor. Dalam UU Minerba salah satu ketentuan yang dianggap cukup penting adalah mengenai kewajiban divestasi, yang diatur dalam Pasal 112. Divestasi adalah jumlah saham asing yang harus ditawarkan untuk di jual kepada peserta Indonesia.

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The Purpose of Indonesia as a state is to promote the general welfare and promote social welfare for all the people of Indonesia. Currently the mineral and coal mining regulated by Law Number 4 Year 2009 Concerning Mineral and Coal Mining. Lately in all countries, especially developing countries need foreign capital.

Foreign capital is something that is increasingly important for the development of a country. So the presence of foreign investors is can’t be avoided. The presence of foreign investors is strongly influenced by the internal conditions of a country, such as economic stability, political state, the rule of law.

Foreign investment to the benefit of all parties, not only for investors but also for the economy of the country where the capital invested as well as for the country of origin of the investor. In the Mining Law one of the important regulation is about divestment, which is provided in Article 112. Divestment is the number of foreign shares should be offered to be sold to Indonesian participants."

"ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dasar hukum terkaitkebutuhan rekomendasi bagi penanam modal asing (studi kasus atas PT X) dalam melakukan perubahan hak atas saham. Bahwa Salah Satu prinsip penanaman modal di Indonesia adalah memberikan kepastian hukum bagi para penanam modal baik dalam negeri maupun asing. Adapun dalam pelaksanaan penanaman modal di bidang pertambangan, PT X mendapatkan kendala yang mensyaratkan kebutuhan persetujuan dalam bentuk Surat Rekomendasi untuk melakukan perubahan hak atas saham. Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral No. 27 tahun 2013 tentang Tata Cara dan Penetapan Harga Divestasi Saham, Serta Perubahan Penanaman Modal di Bidang Usaha Pertambangan lebih lanjut mengatur bahwa yang dapat mengajukan kebutuhan persetujuan tersebut adalah pemilik Izin Usaha Pertambangan. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, PT X yang belum memiliki Izin Usaha Pertambangan tidak berhak mendapatkan rekomendasi yang dibutuhkannya untuk merubah hak atas saham dalam perusahaan. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif yaitu penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menggambarkan serta menguraikan semua data yang diperoleh, terkait dengan permasalahan yang diteliti. Dalam penelitian ini, teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan, yaitu dengan menganalisis putusan pengadilan serta membuatcatatan dari buku literatur, peraturan perundang-undangan, dokumen dan hal-hal lain yang relevan dengan masalah yang diteliti. Selanjutnya data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis lebih lanjut untuk menjawab permasalahan yang diteliti.

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ABSTRACTThis study aimed to find out how the legal basis regarding the requirement ofrecommendation for foreign direct investment (case study of PT X) for conducting changes of rights of shares. Whereas one of the fundamental law for investment in Indonesia is providing legal certainty both for local and foreign investor. Whereas in the implementation of investment in mining sector, PT X face obstacles which required them to obtain approval in the form of recommendation for changing company's rights of shares. In Regulation of Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 27 of 2013 concerning the Procedure and Determination of Divestment of Shares Price and Change of Mining Investment stated that the party which has the right to obtain recommendation is company who owned Mining License. In connection with that regulation, PT X who not yet obtains Mining License can not obtain recommendation for changing company's rights of shares. This research includes the study of normative and descriptive legal. The research which is descriptive of this study are intended to illustrate and describe all the data obtained, related to the problem being investigated. In this research, datacollection techniques used are literature studies, namely by analyzing courtdecisions and make notes of books of literature, legislation, documents and other matters relevant to the issues being investigated"

"Penelitian ini membahas tentang Tinjauan Yuridis Mengenai Pengaturan Divestasi dalam Penerapan Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara, dengan Studi Kasus Kegiatan Pertambangan Mangan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena adanya penerapan kewajiban divestasi di sektor pertambangan minerba, yang menimbulkan kekhawatiran bagi para penanam modal asing dalam melakukan kegiatan di sektor pertambangan. Daerah Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) diambil, karena daerah tersebut saat ini tumbuh dengan pesat sebagai salah satu daerah baru tujuan penanaman modal, dengan memiliki potensi pertambangan khususnya dalam sektor pertambangan minerba, dengan potensi mangan khususnya. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran terkait regulasi pertambangan minerba dan penanaman modal dalam pelaksanaan divestasi disektor pertambangan yang ada saat ini, utamanya terkait dalam upaya memberikan kepastian hukum bagi para penanam modal asing, (utamanya dalam kegiatan pertambangan mangan yang ada di NTT). Penelitian ini jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, karena penelitian ini mengkaji norma hukum yang tertulis terkait pertambangan minerba, yang dilakukan dengan penelitian sistematik hukum, sehingga penelitian dilakukan terhadap hal-hal meliputi subjek hukum, hak dan kewajiban, peristiwa hukum, hubungan hukum, dan objek hukum yang terkait. Adapun temuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa, divestasi bukan merupakan hal yang menimbulkan adanya ketidakpastian hukum. Divestasi yang ada hanya merupakan upaya pengaturan negara dalam mengelola SDA minerba yang ada, namun dalam upaya tetap memperhatikan peluang-peluang ekonomi yang tidak hanya berpotensi memberi keuntungan bagi negara, tapi juga pelaku usaha. Dalam hal ini pemerintah juga menjalankan fungsinya sebagai pelaku usaha (entrepreneur) dalam mengelola sektor pertambangan yang ada. Permasalahan-permasalahan pada tahapan perencanaan, perizinan, dan adanya benturan antara UU Minerba dengan aturan sektoral lainlah yang menjadi masalah utama.

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This research discusses the legal analysis of divestment arrangements within the application of Act No. 4 Year 2009 on Mineral and Coal Mining (Mineral and Coal Act) with a case study on manganese mining activities in East Nusa Tenggara Province. This research is performed on the grounds of divestment requirements in mineral and coal mining sector, which raises concern for foreign investors in mining activities. East Nusa Tenggara is the region of focus in this research because that region grows rapidly as one of the new investment destinations, with a mining potential especially in mineral and coal mining sector and with manganese potential in particular.

This research generally aims to draw the picture of the implementation of divestment in relation to the existing regulations on the mineral and coal mining and on investment, mainly with regards to the provision of legal certainty for foreign investors looking to invest in the manganese mining activities in East Nusa Tenggara. This research is legal-normative in nature, because this research studies the written legal norms relating to the mineral and coal mining, which is performed as a systematic legal research such that it is performed on the matters covering the legal subjects, rights and duties, legal events, legal connection, and the related legal objects.

The main finding of this research is that divestment is not the source of legal uncertainty. The divestment serves only as State's efforts to manage existing mineral and coal natural resources, and whose efforts still keep in mind the economic opportunities that potentially benefit both the State as well as the businesses. With this regard, the government also functions as entrepreneur in management the mining sector. The issues in the planning and licensing stages and the conflicts between Mineral and Coal Act with the other sectoral regulations are the actual culprit of legal uncertainty. "