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"AbstrakIn order to increase access to formal financial institutions, the Indonesian government has issued various national strategies. However, Indonesia inclusive financial index is still under other ASEAN countries. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the factors that influence financial inclusion in Indonesia. The microdata from global findex 2014 was carried out in this study by using binary logistic regression analysis. The finding indicates that there is a significant positive relationship between individual characteristics, including financial inclusion, constraints to financial inclusion, utilization of financial services motivation, and loan sources. Since the main targets of financial inclusion are the poor, this finding becomes an essential proposition for policies in the banking sector, that besides the factors of gender, age, education, and type of jobs, income is the primary factor that influences access and utilization of financial services. Mainly regarding loans, increased income will increase the opportunities of the poor to getting loans because only high-income groups have collateral in applying for loans."

"AbstrakMany business owners attempt to apply for bank credit, but not all of them are approved. This study aims to reveal the factors determining credit approval to Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME). The variables used in this study are the owners capital, company establishment, collateral value, credit amount, owners age, and good relationship with the bank. In this study, the logit model used as a technique of analysis, in which there is only one dependent variable in the form of dummy along with the other six independent variables. The statistical test reveals that simultaneously all independent variables have significant effects on credit approval. Partially, only the owners capital and good relationships with the bank do affect the approval. Therefore, business owners should pay more attention to their amount of capital and interrelation with the bank when applying for bank credit."

"Pertumbuhan modal untuk mendanai operasional keseharian dan ekspansi jangka panjang adalah elemen konstan di dunia usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat optimal struktur modal yang dapat di adopsi perusahaan untuk memperbaiki kinerja keuangan mereka mengingat dinamika industri dan keadaan ekonomi suatu negara. Dengan menggunakan uji spesifikasi Hausman, data tahunan untuk index saham yang tercatat pada tahun 2005-2014 dari Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) 100 telah dikumpulkan untuk menganalisis pengaruh leverage keuangan terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Return to asset, return on equiy dan TOBIN's Q adalah proxy kinerja keuangan yang dianalisis terhadap leverage keuangan untuk perusahaan indeks KSE 100 yang terdaftar. Temuan makalah menunjukkan bahwa struktur modal, leverage,interest cover dan pertumbuhan penjualan sebagai variabel paling signifikan yang mempengaruhi profitabilitas perusahaan."

"ABSTRAKPinjaman mikro untuk memperbaiki kondisi ekonomi rumah tangga menarik diteliti, karena analisis perbandingan sebelum dan setelah menerima pinjaman mikro memunculkan seleksi bias. Kondisi setiap rumah tangga tentunya tidak mungkin sama sebelumnya, sehingga perbedaan kondisi tersebut berarti tidak sepenuhnya akibat pinjaman mikro yang diterima rumah tangga. Terdapat risiko moral hazard karena adanya informasi tidak sempurna. Menggunakan metode double difference (DD) untuk mengestimasi besarnya dampak pinjaman mikro. Hasilnya menunjukkan pinjaman mikro secara nominal signifikan. Dampak yang ditimbulkan relatif kecil sehingga tidak tampak saat regresi. Implikasinya pinjaman mikro untuk tujuan produktif dapat membantu memoerbaiki kondisi ekonomi rumah tangga. Pengawasan dan pendampingan secara efektif dan berkelanjutan dapat meminimalkan risiko adanya moral hazard."

"Integrasi keuangan di Asia Tenggara telah mengalami perubahan dari waktu ke waktu. Penelitian ini berfokus pada tiga periode waktu, yaitu pada sebelum, saat, dan setelah Krisis Keuangan Global tahun 2008. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa negara ASEAN-5 memiliki kecenderungan kearah integrasi keuangan. Walaupun kami belum melihat adanya hubungan jangka panjang dari kelima negara tersebut, namun kami menemukan adanya peningkatan signifikan dari volatility spillover diantara mereka. Hal ini khususnya benar terjadi sepanjang periode pemulihan dari Krisis Keuangan Global.

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The financial integration in South East Asia has varied over time. This paper focuses on three periods: before, during, and after the global financial crisis in 2008. This paper finds that ASEAN-5 countries have indeed taken a step towards financial integration. While we do not observe any (cointegrating) long-run relationships between the ASEAN-5 countries, we find that there has been a significant increase in the volatility spillovers between them. This is particularly true in the recovery period following the global financial crisis. "

"Penelitian terdahulu mengenai penerapan ERM lebih banyak menggunakan variabel dummy untuk mengetahui hubungan ERM dengan variable yang mempengaruhinyai. Penelitian yang menggunakan maturitas manajemen risiko sebagai variabel penelitian masih terbatas. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui tingkat maturitas penerapan ERM perusahaan di luar sektor keuangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama periode tahun 2015 sekaligus mengetahui pengaruh dari total asset, jumlah pegawai, leverage dan kepemilikan publik terhadap maturitas ERM. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa tingkat maturitas penerapan ERM pada perusahaan yang terpilih menjadi sample selama tahun 2015 masih rendah (mayoritas berada di level initial dan repatable). Selain itu, dari beberapa faktor penentu hanya total asset yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap maturitas ERM. Hal ini berimplikasi bahwa perusahaan terbuka di luar sektor keuangan rentan terhadap risiko. Manajemen sebaiknya mempertimbangkan manfaat masa depan dari ERM yang matang,tidak hanya sekedar untuk mematuhi peraturan."

"AbstrakThe influence of work ethics on employee performance is highly important. There has been indeed contradictive sight on some researches related to religious alliances. This research is aimed at analyzing the direct and indirect influence of Islamic work ethics on organizational commitment through job satisfaction. Data analysis is used path analysis. The sample of the study consists of 70 respondents. The result shows that Islamic work ethics has direct and indirect influence on organizational commitment. The indirect influence of Islamic work ethics on organizational commitment is lower than the direct one. Islamic work ethics can increase organizational commitment indirectly through job satisfaction. Meanwhile, the total indirect influence of Islamic work ethic on organizational commitment is smaller than the direct one. The managerial implication of the current research is that the principal should conduct an ongoing assessment on the work satisfaction of the teachers and employees in order to enhance their organizational commitment."

"AbstrakIn this paper I examine the interaction between the practice of cash cropping and villagers daily lives in alocal community, from a case study of Karen people in Northern Thailand. By focusing on the transition from subsistence rice farming to cash oriented strawberry cropping, I discuss how the demands specificto strawberry production intersect with changes in labor allocation and the agricultural calendar. Shanlaborers from Myanmar are employed seasonally, socioeconomic disparity among villagers is widening, andnew leadership and patron client relationships are emerging. By describing the historical process of thisinteraction, I will demonstrate (1) the logic whereby Karen, who have hitherto been known as subsistencerice farmers, have accepted cash cropping; and (2) how cash cropping redefines the forms of labor andvillagers socioeconomic relationships within and outside the village, including ethnic relationships.This paper avoids previous discussions that associate an ethnic group with the independent choice ofa specific type of subsistence activity deriving from their own cultural background or as a social strategy to flee from state control. Rather, I try to figure out how specific crops with evolving cropping managementand the local community have interacted within a historical and social cultural context to formulate laborforms and allocations as well as villagers socioeconomic relationships in their daily lives."

"Studies on total productivity in developing countries are scarce, primarily due to the absence of capital stock data, forcing them to use some assumptions to proxy capital stock. These studies are basically static in nature, using the residual to measure productivity, ignoring feedback interactions likely to occur when there is an increase in productivity, i.e., capital formation augments when productivity increases, or "inspiration gives rise to more perspiration" (Hulten and Srinivasan, 1999). But more seriously, studies on TFP tend to be distant from actual policy environments because they fail to embrace the economy-wide impacts of the changes in productivity. Many policy trade-offs are excluded and hence overlooked. Studies on total productivity in developing countries are scarce, primarily due to the absence of capital stock data, forcing them to use some assumptions to proxy capital stock. These studies are basically static in nature, using the residual to measure productivity, ignoring feedback interactions likely to occur when there is an increase in productivity, i.e., capital formation augments when productivity increases, or "inspiration gives rise to more perspiration" (Hulten and Srinivasan, 1999). But more seriously, studies on TFP tend to be distant from actual policy environments because they fail to embrace the economy-wide impacts of the changes in productivity. Many policy trade-offs are excluded and hence overlooked. "