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"The studies on human capital and technological progress have given incredible insights on how countries in the world differ from one another. Yet there are more than those two reasons to account for differences among countries. There is a third reason why a country would differ in terms of its economic development progress, namely institutional factors. Hence developing institutional indices would give a deeper explanation than a mere theory. On the other hand, we can corroborate the institutional index with the general theory that low-quality institutions will impact an economy negatively. This study seeks to broaden the understanding of causes of economic growth by incorporating institutional index into a semi-endogenous growth model and finds a relationship between that index with human capital and technological progress."

"ABSTRACTTanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (CSR) memiliki peranan yang sangat penting bagi perusahaan dan saat ini telah menjadi kewajiban bagi setiap perusahaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh kepemilikan institusional, dewan komisaris, profitabilitas dan ukuran terhadap pengungkapan CSR. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2013-2014 dan diperoleh 76 sampel perusahaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hanya kepemilikan institusional yang berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan CSR. Ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur kepemilikan institusional dapat bertindak dalam memonitor perusahaan. Dewan komisaris independen tidak berpengaruh terhadap CSR, karena tidak berhasil memonitor tindakan manajemen puncak. Profitabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan CSR, dimungkinkan perusahaan memiliki dua cara pandang terhadap CSR. yaitu sebagian perusahaan memandang CSR sebagai pengurang laba dan sebagian ada yang berpendapat sebaliknya. Ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh terhadap pengungkapan CSR sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa besar kecilnya size tidak mempengaruhi luas pengungkapan CSR. "

"AbstrakOne aspect that concerns investors in valuing stocks is financial performance. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of financial performance, firm size, and corporate social responsibility disclosure to the stock price in food and beverage sector companies in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Using a purposive sampling method has done the sample collection method and eleven of eighteen companies, which listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the years of 20013-2017, are used as the research samples. The method used in this study was Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). The result of the research shows that financial performance, firm size, and corporate social responsibility disclosure affect the stock price. This result implies that the firm should improve the internal factors to increase stock prices."

"Indonesia currently adopts a new decentralization policy. In the past, central government had been the major role of regional and cities development. With the new policy, central government has transferred its role in developing cities and regions to the local governments. This policy adopts two complimentary laws. Law No.22/1999, which is basically the devolution policy, has been accompanied by Law No.25/1999, which basically is the fiscal decentralization policy. Both laws reflect that decentralization policy in Indonesia has adopted the concept of "money follows functions".Before the implementation of decentralization policy, the government of cities had been benefited from many facilities built by central government on the city area. With the decentralization policy, it is expected that a reduced role of central government will have a significant impact on the growth of cities in Indonesia. The policy has three major fiscal instruments; a block grant funding, a specific grant and revenue sharing. The block grant funding is considered as the most important instruments of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia. About 80 percent of financial transfer from central to local governments will be in the block grant type of transfer. In the past, the use of transfers was determined by central government specifically. Therefore, the role of block grant was very minimal. With the new fiscal decentralization scheme, the benefits of cities from central government investments are expected to decrease. Therefore, there is a question to what extend the cities will be sustainable in the decentralization era.This paper attempts to answer the impacts of current fiscal decentralization policy on the growth of the cities. The first objective of the paper is to evaluate the current intergovernmental tranfers and their impact to cities revenues. Secondly, by utilizing a regional macroeconometric model, this paper also elaborates the implication of the transfers to the city growth and interregional disparity in Indonesia."

"ABSTRACTIndonesia adalah salah satu Negara potensial dalam pengembangan institusi takaful mikro. Salah satu ahli dalam pengembangan takaful mikro adalah Takmin Working Group. TWG adalah grup inisiator yang berkomitmen terhadap pengembangan takaful mikro di Indonesia. Anggotanya terdiri dari para ahli dalamasuransi syariah, keuangan mikro dan akuntansi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasimasalah yang dihadapi TWG dalam pengembangan takaful mikro dan menemukan solusinya dengan metode Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Temuan dalam studi ini menunjukkan bahwa solusi yang prioritas dalam menyelesaikan masalah internal dan eksternal adalahpengembangan sistem informasi dan pengembangan produk yang inovatif. Komunikasi dan kunjungan terhadap lembagakeuangan mikro serta sosialisasi terkait produk takaful mikro kepada masyarakat menjadi prioritas selanjutnya."

"In the economic literature, the relationship between the growth and inflation has been discussed in different ways with respect to the development stages of the world economy. According to the current view, there is a negative relationship between growth and inflation. This seems to be compatible with the fact that the investments and the economic growth have been negatively affected by the high and chronic inflation rates. Thus, improvement of the long-run growth potential depends on the elimination of the uncertainties that stems from high inflation rates. Developments in commodity, service and financial markets necessitate the countries to perceive the world as a global market. The countries (or provinces in our study now) that appraise this process of decentralizations could improve their living standards economically and socially if and only if they manage inflation well hence the economic cost and social cost both are minimize for sustainable growth in each province."

"AbstrakThe role of electricity towards the economy becomes crucial in many countries including in Malaysia. It becomes necessary to investigate whether electricity consumption contributes to economic growth in order to make appropriate energy policies. The purpose of this research is to examine the long run and causal relationships between electric power consumption and real GDP. This paper applies to the error-correction model. The results indicate that electricity consumption has a positive impact on economic growth. Besides that, there was unidirectional Granger causality running from electricity consumption to real GDP but not vice versa. This paper suggests that Malaysia is becoming an energy-dependent country. The government should emphasize on formulating energy strategies so as to avoid adverse effects on economic growth."

"Studies on total productivity in developing countries are scarce, primarily due to the absence of capital stock data, forcing them to use some assumptions to proxy capital stock. These studies are basically static in nature, using the residual to measure productivity, ignoring feedback interactions likely to occur when there is an increase in productivity, i.e., capital formation augments when productivity increases, or "inspiration gives rise to more perspiration" (Hulten and Srinivasan, 1999). But more seriously, studies on TFP tend to be distant from actual policy environments because they fail to embrace the economy-wide impacts of the changes in productivity. Many policy trade-offs are excluded and hence overlooked. Studies on total productivity in developing countries are scarce, primarily due to the absence of capital stock data, forcing them to use some assumptions to proxy capital stock. These studies are basically static in nature, using the residual to measure productivity, ignoring feedback interactions likely to occur when there is an increase in productivity, i.e., capital formation augments when productivity increases, or "inspiration gives rise to more perspiration" (Hulten and Srinivasan, 1999). But more seriously, studies on TFP tend to be distant from actual policy environments because they fail to embrace the economy-wide impacts of the changes in productivity. Many policy trade-offs are excluded and hence overlooked. "

"Pilihan yang diambil oleh negara berkembang dalam memenuhi kekurangan dana pembangunan meilki dampak yang bervariasi. Studi ini memperjelas peran investasi asing langsung dibandingkan dengan pinjaman luar negeri dan tabungan dalam negeri terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi jangka pendek dan jangka panjang, di Indonesia. Data diperoleh dari Bank Dunia dan bank Indonesia dan digunakan dalam model koreksi kesalahan untuk menjelaskan keterkaitan antara beberapa variabel penjelas dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka pendek, ketiga variabel penjelas secara signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Dalam jangka panjang, dibandingkan dengan investasi asing langsung dan pinjaman luar negeri, tabungan domestik secara psoitif dan siginifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Studi ini menekankan pentingnya mempertahankan tabungan domestik untuk menjaga stabilitas fundamental ekonomi dalam jangka panjang."

"[This volume highlights the role of institutions in explaining the gulf between inequality and growth, by applying a dynamic general equilibrium framework and by utilizing econometric techniques. Econometrically two important hypotheses are tested. First, assuming there is no difference in institutions, the growth rate increases as inequality decreases. Second, assuming inequality remains unchanged, improvement in the integrity of fiscal institutions results in higher economic growth., This volume highlights the role of institutions in explaining the gulf between inequality and growth, by applying a dynamic general equilibrium framework and by utilizing econometric techniques. Econometrically two important hypotheses are tested. First, assuming there is no difference in institutions, the growth rate increases as inequality decreases. Second, assuming inequality remains unchanged, improvement in the integrity of fiscal institutions results in higher economic growth.]"