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"ABSTRAKOxalidaceae is family of star fruit consist of 6 genera with around 775 species distributed in tropical areas. Averrhoa is a genus among all genera. To 2007 only two species were known as member of the genus, namely Averrhoa bilimbi L. and Averrhoa carambola L. Based on data of garden books at registration collection sub division, center for plant concervation botanic garden, Indonesian Institute of science, A. bilimbi has been recorded as a collection since 1823. It was cultivated at VII.D.3 3a under the name belimbing besi as a local name, originated from java."

"Averrhoa carambola L. atau biasa disebut belimbing manis merupakan salah satu tanaman yang sangat berguna di Indonesia sebagai tanaman obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh formula granul dan tablet eferfesen dengan bahan berkhasiat tepung belimbing manis yang dapat digunakan sebagai minuman sehat komersial. Pada penelitian ini, tablet dibuat dengan metode granulasi kering pada kondisi kelembaban relatif (RH) 35% dengan suhu 20oC. Formulasi granul dan tablet eferfesen dilakukan dengan memvariasikan kadar konsentrasi bahan pengisi yaitu maltodekstrin dalam dua formula.Dari hasil evaluasi sediaan granul dan tablet eferfesen didapat bahwa dari dua formula yang ada memenuhi syarat uji evaluasi sediaan. Pada uji analisis kesukaan dengan uji Mann-Whitney menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan bermakna terhadap kesukaan penampilan dan rasa antara kedua formula granul dan tablet eferfesen belimbing manis. Penilaian tabulasi silang menunjukkan bahwa kedua formula granul dan tablet eferfesen yang dihasilkan secara umum disukai oleh panelis.

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Averrhoa carambola L. is one of the essensial herbs in Indonesia which could be used as a medicine. The aim of this research was to obtain the suitable formulation of effervescent granule and tablet containing averrhoa carambola powder for a commercial healthy drink. In this research, tablets were produced with dry method granulation at specific condition with 35% of relative humidity (RH) and 20oC of temperature. Formulation of effervescent granules and tablets were done by modified concentration of excipients (maltodextrin) in two formulas.The evaluation result showed that both of those formulas have eligibled as effervescent tablet. The hedonic test with Mann-Whitney showed that there were significant differences of appereances and tastes between those granule formulas and effervescent tablet also there were relationship between appearences and tastes for each effervescent tablet formulas.the crosstabulation showed that those two granule formulas and effervescent tablet were generally most liked by panelist."

"Inflamasi merupakan respon protektif terhadap luka jaringan. Salah satu mediator yang berperan dalam inflamasi adalah leukotrien terbentuk pada jalur lipoksigenase. Senyawa flavon dalam tumbuhan Averrhoa carambola L menunjukan potensi aktivitas antiinflamasi dengan mekanisme kerja menghambat lipoksigenase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas penghambatan lipoksigenase dengan metode ekstraksi yang berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya fraksinasi terhadap ekstrak n-heksana, etil asetat, dan etanol daun Averrhoa carambola L. Ketiga ekstrak dilakukan perhitungan rendemen, penapisan fitokimia, penetapan kadar flavonoid total dan identifikasi apigenin dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis. Pada ekstrak teraktif dilakukan penetapan kadar apigenin dengan metode kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi. Hasil uji menunjukkan rendemen etil asetat yaitu sebesar 3,01 lebih banyak dihasilkan dengan metode ekstraksi bertingkat dibandingkan fraksinasi penelitian sebelumnya sebesar 2,8. Ekstrak teraktif menghambat aktivitas lipoksigenase adalah ekstrak etil asetat dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 10,17 ug/mL. Nilai IC50 lebih besar daripada IC50 penelitian sebelumnya 7,84 ug/mL. Hasil penapisan fitokimia pada ekstrak etil asetat menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak ini mengandung flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan terpenoid dan memiliki kadar flavonoid total sebesar 24,24 mgQE/g ekstrak. Ketiga ekstrak daun Averrhoa carambola L mengandung apigenin dan ekstrak teraktif etil asetat mengandung kadar apigenin sebesar 5,39 jika dibandingkan dengan metode sebelumnya kadar apigenin 6,37 dengan metode ini lebih kecil.

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Inflammation is a protective response to tissue injury. One mediator which affects inflammation is the leukotriene formed on the path of lipoxygenase. flavon, contained in plants Averrhoa carambola L showed potential anti inflammatory activity by inhibit the action of lipoxygenase.

The aim of this study was to examine lipoxygenase inhibitory activity by different extraction method with previous research fractionation on n hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol Averrhoa carambola L. Each extract calculated rendement, phytochemical screening, total flavonoid content and identification apigenin with thin layer chromatography. In the most active extracts, apigenin levels was determined by high performace liquid chromatography.

The test results showed that ethyl acetate rendemen got more 3.01 with continuous maceration than fractionation previous research got rendemen of 2.8. The most active extracts to inhibiting activity of lipoxygenase was ethyl acetate with IC50 value of 10.17 g mL. IC50 value was bigger than previous research 7.84 g mL.

Phytochemical screening on ethyl acetate extract showed that extract contained flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids, which have a total flavonoid content of 24.24 mgQE g extract. Then, each extract contains apigenin and ethyl acetate extract contains apigenin levels of 5.39 then compared to the previous method 6.37, Apigenin levels in this method was smaller. "

"Averrhoa carambola L. atau belimbing merupakan tanaman khas yang berasal dari Indonesia. Belimbing dapat digunakan sebagai makanan dan bahan pakan, dan diketahui memiliki manfaat sebagai obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dari ekstrak daun belimbing dalam menghambat aktivitas elastase menggunakan berbagai metode ekstraksi, yaitu maserasi, refluks, dan Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction UAE. Ekstrak tersebut diuji penghambatan aktivitasnya terhadap aktivitas elastase, diidentifikasi kandungannya, dan ditetapkan kadar flavonoid dan fenol totalnya. Hasil uji penghambatan aktivitas elastase menunjukan bahwa ekstrak daun belimbing yang diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi, refluks, dan UAE menunjukan penghambatan berturut-turut sebesar 55,20; 54.40; dan 66,89 pada konsentrasi 200 g/mL. Ekstrak dengan nilai penghambatan terbesar yaitu dengan metode ekstraksi UAE, dihitung nilai IC50 dan menghasilkan nilai IC50 sebesar 156,37 g/mL. Kandungan total flavonoid dalam ekstrak dengan metode maserasi, refluks, dan UAE secara berturut ndash; turut adalah 7,639; 7,098; dan 9,742 mgQE/gram sampel. Kandungan fenol total ekstrak dengan metode maserasi, refluks, dan UAE secara berturut ndash; turut adalah 19,817; 19,549; dan 33,080. Pada penapisan fitokimia yang dilakukan, diketahui bahwa ekstrak daun belimbing dengan menggunakan ketiga metode ekstraksi mengandung golongan senyawa flavonoid, tannin, saponin, terpenoid, dan glikosida.

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Averrhoa carambola L. commonly known as star fruit Belimbing is a typical plant originating from Indonesia. Averrhoa carambola can be eaten fruit, used as raw materials for making food products, and bears a great significance in traditional medicines. This research aims to gain information about the potency of Averrhoa carambola leaf extract in inhibiting elastase activity. Leaf of Averrhoa carambola was extracted using various methods, maceration, reflux, dan Ultra Assisted Extraction UAE. Each extract was tested its activity in inhibiting elastase activity, phytochemical screening, total flavonoid and phenolic content, and IC50 were determined from the extract with the biggest inhibition value.

Elastase inhibition test showed that Averrhoa carambola extract by maceration, reflux, and UAE extraction method had an average inhibition value of 55,20 54,40 and 66,89, respectively on concentration of 200 g mL extract. Extract with the biggest inhibition value by UAE extraction method calculated IC50 value equeal to 156,37 g mL.

Total Flavonoid content in the extract by maceration, reflux, and UAE extraction method was 7,639 7,098 and 9,742 mgQE gram sample. Total phenolic content in the extract by maceration, reflux, and UAE extraction method was 19,817 19,549 and 33,080 mgGAE gram sample. Phytochemical screening showed that Averrhoa carambola extract contains flavonoid, tannin, saponins, terpenoid and glicosides compound. "

"Daun Belimbing Manis Averrhoa carambola L. merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki banyak khasiat, termasuk untuk kesehatan kulit manusia. Dalam upaya pengembangan obat tradisional, proses penjaminan mutu dan keamanan obat perlu dilakukan standardisasi yang terdiri dari parameter spesifik dan non spesifik. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap simplisia dan fraksi etil asetat daun belimbing manis berasal dari tiga daerah berbeda yakni Depok, Subang, dan Sukabumi. Kadar senyawa terlarut dalam air 14,32, kadar senyawa terlarut dalam etanol 9,69, dan kadar flavonoid total 0,12-0,18 mgQE/gram simplisia. Susut pengeringan 9,70, kadar abu total 7,14, dan kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,31. Proses ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode maserasi. Kemudian dilakukan partisi cair-cair sehingga didapatkan fraksi etil asetat. Rendeman fraksi etil asetat daun belimbing manis 4,2-6,2. Kadar air berkisar antara 4,79, kadar abu total 1,55, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,064, dan kadar flavonoid total 14,63-22,14 mgQE/gram fraksi. Pola kromatogram dari simplisia dan fraksi etil asetat daun belimbing manis yang berasal dari tiga daerah berbeda dilakukan dengan fase gerak kloroform:metanol:air 8:2:0,5 dengan apigenin sebagai standar. Hasil pengujian residu pelarut dan cemaran logam berat Hg, Pb, Cd, As menunjukan bahwa fraksi etil asetat daun belimbing manis tidak mengandung residu pelarut dan cemaran logam berat.

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Starfruit Leaf Averrhoa carambola L. is one of the plants that has many benefits, including for human skins health. In efforts to develop traditional medicine, the process of quality assurance and drug safety needs to be done is to standardize consisting of specific and nonspecific parameters. The test was performed on simplicia and fraction of ethyl acetate of starfruit leaves from three different areas Depok, Subang Sukabumi. The water soluble extract 14,32, the ethanol soluble extract 9.69 total flavonoid levels 0.12 0.18 mgQE gram simplicia. Drying losses 9.70, ash content 7.14 acid soluble ash content 0.31.

The process of extract was done by maceration. Liquid partitions was then performed to obtain fraction of ethyl acetate. The yield fraction of ethyl acetate starfruit leaves 4.2 6,2. Water content 4.79, total ash content 1.55, acid soluble ash content 0.064, and total flavonoid levels 14.63 22.14 mgQE gram fraction. The chromatogram pattern of simplicia and ethyl acetate fraction of sweet starfruit leaves from three different regions was performed with chloroform methanol water 8,2 0,5 with apigenin as standard. The results of solvent residues and heavy metal contaminants Hg, Pb, Cd, As showed that the fraction of ethyl acetate did not contain solvent residue and heavy metal contamination."

"Daun Averrhoa carambola L. telah digunakan sebagai obat tradisional yang dimanfaatkan untuk terapi ganguan inflamasi pada kulit. Pemilihan tumbuhan dari tiga daerah di Jawa Barat Depok, Subang, dan Sukabumi di karenakan terdapat budidaya tumbuhan belimbing dengan kualitas baik dan memiliki kriteria media tumbuh yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antiinflamasi dengan metode penghambatan lipoksigenase terhadap fraksi etil asetat daun Averrhoa carambola L. dari tiga daerah di Jawa Barat, serta penetakan kadar flavonoid total dan fenol total. Nilai IC50 terhadap kadar flavonoid dan kadar fenol yang diperoleh dari masing-masing fraksi etil asetat dianalisis hubungannya menggunakan software SPSS versi 22.0. Simplisia daun belimbing di ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 70, kemudian di fraksinasi dengan partisi cair-cair dengan pelarut air, heksan dan etil asetat hingga didapatkan fraksi etil asetat, kemudian dilakukan pengujian penghambatan aktivitas lipoksigenase dengan substrat asam linoleate. Hasil uji menunjukan bahwa fraksi etil asetat daun averrhoa dari daerah depok, subang dan sukabumi memiliki aktivitas penghambatan lipoksigenase dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 19,38; 16,65; dan 15,07 g/mL. Kandungan flavonoid total dalam fraksi dari daerah Depok, Subang dan Sukabumi secara berturut-turut adalah 14,875; 16,884; dan 22,274 mgQE/gram sampel. Kandungan fenol total dalam fraksi dari daerah Depok, Subang, dan Sukabumi secara berturut-turut adalah 54,10; 61,06; dan 72,18 mgGAE/gram sampel. Nilai IC50 terhadap kadar flavonoid total dan kadar fenol total menunjukkan keduanya saling berhubungan kuat.

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Averrhoa carambola L leaves have been used as a traditional medicine used for the therapy of inflammatory disorders of the skin. Plants selection from three areas in West Java Depok, Subang, and Sukabumi are done because there is the cultivation of star fruit with good quality and has appropriate growth media criteria. This study aims to examine anti inflammatory activity by lipoxygenase inhibition method against ethyl acetate fraction of Averrhoa carambola L. leaves from three areas in West Java, and determination of total flavonoid and total phenol concentration.

IC50 to total flavonoid and total fenol content obtained from ethyl acetate fraction were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Averrhoa carambola L. leaves simplicia was extracted by maceration method using ethanol 70, then fractionated with liquid liquid partition with water solvent, hexane, and ethyl acetate, until the ethyl acetate fraction was obtained. After that, inhibition of lipoxygenase activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was tested with linoleate acid substrate.

The test results showed that the fraction of ethyl acetate of averrhoa leaves from depok, subang and sukabumi areas had inhibit activity of lipoxygenase enzyme with IC50 value of 19,38 16.65 and 15.07 g mL. The total flavonoid concentration in the fractions of Depok, Subang and Sukabumi areas respectively was 14,875, 16,884 and 22,274 mgQE gram of sample. The total phenol concentration in the fractions of Depok, Subang and Sukabumi respectively was 54,10 61,06 and 72,18 mgGAE gram of sample. IC50 to total flavonoid and total phenol content show both strongly interconnected. "

"Penelitian sebelumnya oleh Moresco et al yang dilakukan secara in vitro menunjukkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat dari ekstrak etanol daun belimbing manis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat terhadap radikal DPPH, dengan nilai IC50 90 ? g/mL. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji aktivitas antioksidan pada fraksi daun belimbing manis dari ekstrak etanol 70 hasil maserasi dari tiga daerah di Jawa Barat Depok, Sukabumi, dan Subang serta mencari korelasinya dengan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total pada fraksi teraktif yaitu fraksi yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan paling tinggi. Fraksinasi dilakukan dengan metode ekstraksi cair-cair. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode peredaman radikal DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl dan FRAP Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power menggunakan microplate reader. Aktivitas antioksidan terkuat pada metode penangkapan radikal DPPH diperlihatkan oleh fraksi etil asetat Subang dengan nilai IC50 96 ? g/mL. Metode FRAP juga menunjukkan fraksi etil asetat Subang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi dengan nilai FeEAC 1405 mol/g. Dari hasil penelitian, fraksi etil asetat daun belimbing manis memiliki potensi untuk menjadi sumber antioksidan alami. Hasil penelitian tidak menunjukan korelasi antara hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan kadar fenol dan flavonoid total dari fraksi etil asetat.

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In a previous in vitro study, ethyl acetate fractions from starfruit leaves showed a strong antioxidant activity towards DPPH radical with IC50 value 90 g mL. This study aims to evaluate antioxidant activity of fractions from starfruit leaves extract from three different regions Depok, Sukabumi, Subang and find the correlation with the phenolic and flavonoid content on the most active fraction. The most active fraction was the fraction that showed the highest antioxidant activity. Fractionation was done with liquid liquid partition method. Fractions were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging and FRAP assay with the use of microplate reader.

The results of this study showed that ethyl acetate fraction from Subang region demonstrated the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value 96 g mL, while in FRAP the strongest one was also ethyl acetate fraction from Subang region with FeEAC value 1405 mol g. These results indicated that the fractions from starfruit leaves extract have the potential to be used as a natural antioxidant. This research did not find the correlation between antioxidant activities and phenolic and flavonoid content. "

"Penuaan dini pada kulit skin aging merupakan suatu permasalahan yang dapat disebabkan peningkatan aktivitas proteolitik elastase. Peningkatan aktivitas elastase menyebabkan pemecahan dan disorganisasi elastin pada jaringan ikat, sehingga dapat menurunkan elastisitas dan fleksibilitas pada kulit berupa keriput. Senyawa alami pada tumbuhan, khususnya polifenol terbukti dapat menghambat aktivitas elastase dan mencegah penuaan dini pada kulit. Daun Belimbing A. carambola merupakan bahan alam yang banyak mengandung polifenol dan memiliki banyak manfaat seperti antioksidan, antiinflamasi, hipoglikemi, antimikroba, dan lain sebagainya. Namun, belum terdapat penelitian yang membuktikan bahwa daun A. carambola memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap elastase. Pada penelitian ini, akan dilakukan pengujian penghambatan aktivitas elastase pada fraksi air, etil asetat, dan n-heksana Daun A. carambola dari tiga daerah di Jawa Barat Depok, Sukabumi, dan Subang. Masing-masing fraksi diuji penghambatannya terhadap aktivitas elastase menggunakan microplate reader, kemudian dilakukan penetapan kadar fenol dan flavonoid total pada fraksi teraktif. Hasil uji penghambatan aktivitas elastase menunjukkan bahwa fraksi air daun A. carambola Depok merupakan fraksi teraktif dengan nilai IC50 160,36 g/mL. Kadar fenol dan flavonoid total pada fraksi air daun A. carambola Depok berturut-turut adalah 115,68 mg GAE / g fraksi dan dan 9,15 mg QE / g fraksi.

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Premature skin aging is a problem that can be caused by an increase in proteolytic activity of the elastase. Increased elastase activity causes breakdown and disorganization of elastin in connective tissue, thus reducing elasticity and flexibility in form of wrinkled skin. Natural compounds in plants, especially polyphenols have been shown to inhibit elastase activity and prevent premature aging of the skin. Star fruit 39s A. carambola leaves is a natural material that contains many polyphenols and has many benefits such as antioxidants, anti inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, and so forth. However, there is no studies have shown that A. carambola leaves have inhibitory activity against elastase yet.

In this research, we will test the inhibition of elastase activity on the water, ethyl acetate and n hexane fractions of A. carambolas leaves. from three regions in West Java Depok, Sukabumi, and Subang. Each fraction was tested for its inhibition of elastase activity using microplate reader, then total phenol and flavonoid content was determined at the most active fraction. The result of inhibition test of elastase activity showed that water fraction of A. carambola lsquo s leaves Depok was the most active fraction with IC50 value 160.36 g mL. Total phenol and flavonoid content in water fraction A. carambola lsquo s leaves Depok were 115.68 mg GAE g fraction and 9.15 mg QE g fraction respectively."

"Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2012, Depok merupakan produsen buah belimbing manis (Averrhoa carambola L.) terbesar di Jawa Barat, yakni sekitar 33% belimbing di Jawa Barat dihasilkan oleh Kota Depok. Belimbing mengandung senyawa antioksidan alami seperti asam L-askorbat, epikatekin, dan asam gallat dalam bentuk gallotanin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pengujian aktivitas antioksidan sari buah belimbing manis dan membuat sediaan sabun wajah transparan dari sari buah belimbing yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan serta mengevaluasi sabun yang telah dibuat. Sari buah belimbing diperoleh dengan metode pengepresan dan dilanjutkan dengan sentrifugasi 3000 rpm selama 15 menit lalu digunakan bagian supernatannya. Uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metode DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) terhadap sari buah belimbing mentah dan sari buah belimbing matang. IC50 sari buah belimbing mentah adalah 95,5947 ppm. Sedangkan IC50 sari buah belimbing matang adalah 107,3812 ppm. Hasil evaluasi sabun wajah transparan menunjukkan sabun yang berwarna kuning transparan; pH 10,45-10,54; ketinggian busa 4,2-4,7 cm; kekerasan 60-70 1/10 mm, tidak terjadi oksidasi asam lemak selama penyimpanan 8 minggu pada suhu kamar (hasil Uji Kreis negatif), titik leleh 51-54,1°C, persen transmisi (%T) 76,6320–92,0730, dan hasil uji stabilitas fisik yang baik.

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Based on data from Central Bureau of Statistics of West Java Province in 2012, Depok is the biggest producer of starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) in West Java, which is approximately 33% of starfruit in West Java produced by Depok. Starfruit contains natural antioxidant compounds such as L-ascorbic acid, epicatechin, and gallic acid in the form of gallotanin. The aims of this study were to test the antioxidant activity of starfruit fruit extract and to make transparent facial soap of starfruit fruit extract as antioxidant. Starfruit fruit extract obtained by pressing method and followed by centrifugating at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes.

Antioxidant activity test was conducted using DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) against unripe and ripe starfruit fruit extract. IC50 of unripe starfruit fruit extract was 95,5947 ppm. While IC50 of ripe starfruit fruit extract was 107,3812 ppm. The resulting facial soap showed transparent yellow soap; pH values between 10,45 to 10,54; foam height of 4,2 to 4,7 cm; and hardness ranging from 60 to 70 1/10 mm. There was no oxidation of fatty acids during the 8 weeks of storage at room temperature (Kreis Test result was negative), melting point of 51 to 54,1° C, percent transmission (%T) of 76,6320 to 92,0730, and showed good physical stability."