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"ABSTRAKThe rising importance of the Indo-Pacific to the world's politics, economic and security accompanied with the significant rise of China's economy and military power in the region has shifted the U.S. military focus from the Middle-East to the Indo-Pacific region. In 2011, Obama announced its grand policy called "Rebalance to Asia" as a respond to the rise of China and was manifested as a counterbalancing efforts. In doing so, the U.S. intended to increase its military presence through enhanced military alliance with its allies in the region. Australia is the US staunchest ally in the region under the alliance of ANZUS Treaty. Besides, the two countries also shared converging national interests and threat perceptions towards China's growing military power and assertive in the region. This article discussed the U.S-Australia military alliance as a support to the U.S. Rebalance Strategy in counterbalancing China's rise in the Indo-Pacific region. The enhanced military alliance indicated that the US will remain engage in region. In addition, the research is constructed by using the concept of balance of power and military alliance through qualitative research method."

"Comparing the economic development in China and India has been interesting. While one has experienced an impressive economic growth performance, the other seemed to take a slower path. One popular argument says that the answer lies on China's success on attracting foreign capital. This argument is supported by some stylized facts related to the explanation for a country's attractiveness for foreign capital.The main idea of this essay is that China's relative success over India is a result of its unique characteristics. The purpose of this essay is to deliver supporting arguments for such hypothesis by analyzing the stylized facts. The readers should note that the scope of this essay is the internal determinants of the relatively different speeds of reforms, rather than the policy analysis.The essay is presented in three parts. The first part reviews the identical conditions which both countries shared in the beginning. The second part shows the different success stories. The third part is the comparison of some unique conditions which influenced the different outcomes of development. "

"Japan - China - rok trilateral summit was convened last December 2008 in Japan , in responding to the negative effect of global financial crisis on Japan, China Rok's economy...."

"ABSTRAKThis paper analyzes the change in distance elasticity of trade using bilateral trade data among China and Indonesia and their main trading partners. The empirical method used in this study derived from the gravity model that considers the effect of distance on trade activities behavior. Two causes of change in the elasticity of trade to distance will be exposed, i.e., the distance sensitivity effect (within industries) and the compositional effect (among industries). Specifically, this study would like to prove whether the distance sensitivity effect is more dominant than the compositional effect in explaining the change in distance elasticity of trade. By using four sub-periods and around two hundred industries involved, the result shows that the increase in the role of distance in trade heavily caused by the escalation of distance sensitivity effect in most industries."

"The article explores opportunities and challenges for Indonesia and ASEAN stemming from the rise of China based on the following approaches: (1) Indonesia neighbors china, therefore, China's growing economic and political clouts have significant influence to Indonesia; (2) Indonesia and China experienced difficult relation in their history, but successfully turned it into a strategic partnership; (3) The rise of China also has influence to ASEAN, which claims itself to be the driving force of the regional agenda and dynamics; (4) ASEAN is a vehicle for Indonesia's policies in the region, including in engaging China. Following the line of approaches above, this article first describes the rise of China. It will explore China's foreign policies in the region as well as the magnitude of its economic potentials. Afterwords, it it will describe the development of Indonesia-China bilateral relations and take a closer look at the Joint Declaration of Indonesia-China Strategic Partnership. This article also tries to see in particular to what extend Indonesia-China economic relations deliver benefits to Indonesians. Lastly, it will explore the dynamics of ASEAN-China relations, especially Indonesia's interests in ASEAN vis a vis China."

"Dari tahun 1967 sampai 1998 Indonesia telah mengalami pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cukup pesat. Meskipun sempat terhenti karena krisi ekonomi tahun 1998, melalui informasi, melalui reformasi mendasar dan pasar domestik yang besar, Indonesia bisa pulih dan sekarang menjadi negara dengan ekonomi terbesar di Asia Tenggara. Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cukup tinggi menjadikan Indonesia sebagai slaah satu rumah kelas menengah terbesar di Asia. Tahun 1999, hanya 25 % penduduk bisa dikategorikan kelas menengah, tetapi tahun 2010 kelas menengah naik menjadi 57%. Jumlah ini diperkirakan bertambah lebih cepat karena beberapa dekade kedepan Indonesia akan mengalami bonu bonus deografi, seiring dengan pertumbuhan kelas konsumsi (individu dengan penghasilan bersih $3.600). Pertumbuhan kelas ekonomi dan pengingkatan pendapatan perkapita rumah tangga akan mengubah struktur pengeluaran masyarakat dan akan meningkatnya tabungan, investasi dan pertumbuhan sektor retail. Namun agar mampu mengambil manfaat dari meningkatnya kelas menengah, Indonesia harus mampu mengatasi beberapa tantangan. Tantangan pertama sebagian besar kelas menengah tergolong kelas menengah tingkat bawah yang sangat rentan terhadap gocangan ekonomi. Tantangan kedua adalah menciptakan lapangan kerja sebanyak banyaknya. Tantangan ketiga adalah kualitas kelas menengah Indonesia. Hanya sepertiga kelas menengah Indonesia yang lulusan Universitas. Tantangan keempat adalah mendorong kelas menengah untuk berhemat dan menabung."

"Addresses the rise of China and its impacts on Southeast Asia's economies and businesses, especially on those of ethnic Chinese. Also discusses Southeast Asian government policies, particularly their economic and business policies, towards local Chinese, and Southeast Asian Chinese businesses, both conglomerates and SMEs, in an era of globalization."

"Hubungan kerja sama Tiongkok dan ASEAN melalui ASEAN – China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) telah berlangsung selama lebih dari satu dekade. Dalam kerangka kerja sama ini, Tiongkok telah berhasil mendominasi pasar ASEAN bahkan membuat negara-negara ASEAN semakin bergantung pada Tiongkok. Meskipun telah diuntungkan dalam ACFTA, Tiongkok terlihat belum puas dan mencoba untuk memperbaharui kerangka kerja sama ACFTA menjadi ACFTA Upgrading Protocol yang ditandatangani pada 21 November 2015. Pembaharuan ini menambahkan ruang kerja sama baru di bidang 'e-commerce'. Bahkan setelahnya, perusahaan 'e-commerce' multinasional dari Tiongkok seperti Alibaba dan Tencent mulai berekspansi ke wilayah ASEAN, sementara ASEAN bukan merupakan domain 'e-commerce' karena infrastrukturnya seperti kecepatan internet dan jaringan logistik yang belum siap. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengapa Tiongkok menambahkan kerja sama 'e-commerce' dalam ACFTA Upgrading Protocol. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa perluasan domain kerja sama ACFTA ke sektor 'e-commerce' merupakan strategi diplomasi ekonomi Tiongkok untuk mengukuhkan dominasinya di ASEAN dalam rangka mencapai visi sebagai 'internet power' ('wanglou qiangguo'). Visi tersebut termanifestasikan dalam agenda politik Digital Silk Road dan 'Internet Plus Strategy'.

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Cooperation between China and ASEAN through ASEAN – China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) has been going on for more than a decade. Within this framework of cooperation, China has succeeded in dominating the ASEAN market and has even made ASEAN countries increasingly dependent on China. Even though it has benefited from the ACFTA, China seemed unsatisfied and tried to renew the ACFTA become ACFTA Upgrading Protocol signed on November 21, 2015. This update adds new cooperation on e-commerce. From then, China's domestic multinational e-commerce companies such as Alibaba and Tencent began to expand to the ASEAN region, even though ASEAN was not an e-commerce domain due to the lack of infrastructure like internet speed and logistics networks that were not so ready. This study aims to analyse why China added e-commerce cooperation in the ACFTA Upgrading Protocol. The analysis found that the expansion of the domain of ACFTA cooperation into the e-commerce sector was China's diplomacy strategy to strengthen its dominance in ASEAN in order to achieve its vision as 'strong internet power' ('wanglou qiangguo'). This vision is manifested in the Digital Silk Road and Internet Plus Strategy political agenda."

"Kebijakan perluasan perdagangan dan kerjasama energi Rusia dengan China, merupakan langkah baru bagi pemerintahan Putin yang selama ini menjadikan Barat (Uni Eropa) menjadi mitra utama. Dengan menggunakan energi sebagai alat kebijakan ekonomi luar negerinya, Putin merancang ulang langkah kepentingan dan tujuan negara yang hendak dicapai Rusia. Isu-isu dalam ekonomi, politik, hingga keamanan turut mempengaruhi terwujudnya peningkatan kemitraan Rusia dengan China dimasa kini. Sementara itu hubungan Rusia dengan UE tidak dapat disampingkan begitu saja karena hubungan interdependensi keduanya masih cukup kuat. Walaupun demikian pilihan strategis yang diambil Rusia saat ini menunjukan peningkatan hubungan dengan China dalam bidang energi.

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Russia's trade expansion and energy cooperation policies with China are considered as novel steps in Putin's government which has thus far rendered the West (European Union) as key partner. By employing energy as means in its economic foreign policy, Putin renovates the state's interest and objective aimed to be attained. Economic, politic, as well as security issues also influence the realization of enhanced Russia's partnership with China. Meanwhile Russia's relation with EU cannot be disregarded as the interdependency between the two entities is still intense. Nevertheless, Russia's current strategic decision enhances its relation with China in the sphere of energy."