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"ABSTRACTGrowth of publishing newspapers and magazines on Hadrami Society is called Nahdah Al Hadramiyyah or The Revival of Hadrami. This Journal will be explained about conflict issues on Hadramis newspapers. This journal has written used to history method with documents from Hadrami newspapers articles like Al Jaum, Al Mahdjar, Hadramaut, Lembaga Baroe, and Pewarta Arab on 1929-1935. Conflict issues based on Hadramis newspapers occurred between Arab Immigrants with Indo-Arab descents also Indo Arabische Verbound (IAV) with Persatuan Arab Indonesia (PAI). Reasons to cause conflicts are cultural, social, politics, and economic matters. Fanatism and cultural difference are social conflict issues between Arabic Immigrants and Indo-Arab descents. Indonesian identities or Arabic identities choice is the matter about the cultural conflict between them. There are also political issues between Arabic immigrants with Indo-Arab descents and Indo Arabische Verbound (IAV) and Persatuan Arab Indonesia (PAI). Cultural difference, background, and concern are the reasons for conflict issues in Hadrami based on newspapers that published by Hadrami on 1929-1935."

"Artikel ini membahas strategi dan kebijakan General Motors untuk bertahan pada masa Great Depression dari tahun 1929 sampai tahun 1935. Great Depression yang melanda negara Amerika Serikat mengakibatkan sektor industri goyah, tidak terkecuali General motors yang saat itu sedang mengalami kemajuan pesat sebagai manufaktur mobil tersukses mengungguli Ford dan Chrysler. Alfred P. Sloan sebagai direktur utama beserta jajaran direksi General Motors bertanggung jawab untuk mengeluarkan General Motors dari jurang depresi ekonomi. Sejumlah strategi diformulasikan untuk mempertahankan eksistensi General Motors, seperti menurunkan harga mobil mewah, mengurangi jumlah pekerja, hingga memberikan menggunakan bantuan kredit bernama General Motors Acceptance Corporation (GMAC) yang sudah lebih dulu dibentuk sejak 1919. Strategi perusahaan yang dirumuskan Sloan bersama timnya bertujuan membantu General Motors agar bisa bertahan ditengah kekacauan depresi ekonomi yang melanda Amerika Serikat. Oleh karena itu, penulis berargumen bahwa General Motors mengeluarkan kebijakan dan strategi seperti pemotongan biaya produksi dan pengurangan pekerja agar tetap bertahan selama gempuran Great Depression. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah yang meliputi empat tahapan, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Berbeda dengan kajian-kajian sebelumnya yang membahas dampak Great Depression terhadap manufaktur mobil di Amerika Serikat secara umum, penelitian ini terfokus pada strategi General Motors serta dampaknya terhadap perusahaan dan masyarakat Amerika Serikat. Sumber-sumber yang digunakan pada artikel ini adalah surat kabar, poster, buku serta jurnal yang terkait dengan General Motors.

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The article discusses General Motors strategies and policies to survive the Great Depression from 1929 to 1935.The Great Depression that hit the United States caused the industrial sector to falter, including General Motors, which at that time was experiencing rapid progress as the most successful car manufacturer outperformed Ford and Chrysler. Alfred P. Sloan as the president director and board of directors of General Motors is responsible for getting General Motors out of the brink of the economic depression. Strategies are formulated to maintain the existence of General Motors, such as reducing the price of luxury cars, reducing the number of workers, to providing credit assistance called the General Motors Acceptance Corporation (GMAC) which was formed in 1919. The company strategy formulated by Sloan together aims to help General Motors to can survive amid the economic turmoil that engulfs the United States. Therefore, the authors argue that General Motors issued policies and strategies such as cutting production and worker costs in order to survive during the Great Depression. This study uses a historical method which includes stages, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. In contrast to previous studies that discussed the impact of the Great Depression on car manufacturing in the United States in general, this study focuses on General Motors' strategy and its impact on US companies and society. The sources used in this article are newspapers, posters, books and journals related to General Motors."

"Tesis ini membahas bagaimana proses konstruksi identitas yang dilalui oleh orang Indonesia-Hadrami dalam kerangka teori hibriditas. Studi hibriditas menjadi signifikan selain karena selama ini kerangka tersebut belum banyak digunakan dalam menganalisis kontruksi identitas Indonesia-Hadrami, juga karena dengan kerangka ini dapat dipetakan proses, aktor dan wilayah dialog liminal dalam pembentukan identitas. Analisis yang mendalam dalam wilayah liminal berguna untuk memahami konstruksi identitas kelompok tertentu serta kelompok besarnya (Indonesia) yang bersinggungan dalam tepian identitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian deskriptif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan studi pustaka. Pada akhirnya studi ini menemukan bahwa pertama, hibriditas dapat digunakan dalam objek studi yang melibatkan lebih dari dua aktor; ruang interaksi di antara aktor sebagai third space dapat berupa ruang irisan dari berbagai aktor, tidak hanya ruang liminal di antara dua aktor semata. Kedua, dalam hal studi hibriditas membahas topik dialog yang luas maka konsep hibriditas dapat dipilah dalam tiap lapis topik dengan aktor yang sama. Ketiga, identitas merupakan hibrid (atau campuran) dari suatu elemen posisi stabil yang tidak akan berubah seiring proses konstruksi dan elemen posisi fleksibel yang sebenarnya merupakan penyikapan atau positioning) atas kondisi dinamis pada suatu masa.

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This thesis discusses identity construction process of the Hadrami-Indonesians people based on hybridity theory framework. Hybridity studies become significant, not only because this framework is rarely used in analyzing identity construction process of Hadrami-Indonesians, but also because this framework could define process, actor and liminal dialogue area in identity construction. Thorough analysis in liminal area is useful in understanding identity construction of a certain group with its larger group (Indonesia) that intersects in identity border. This research used qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data collecting is done through observations, in depth interviews and bibliographical studies. At the end, this studies discover that first of all, hybridity can be use in a object of study involving more than two actors; interaction space between the actor as a third space could be in a shape of incisions from various actors, not just liminal space between two actors. Secondly, in a case where hybridity studies discusses broad dialogue topic then hybridity concept could be classified in each layers of topics with the same actors. Third, identity is a hybrid (or mixture) of a stable position element which will not change alongside construction process with flexible position element in dealing with (or position itself) dynamic condition in a certain time.;This thesis discusses identity construction process of the Hadrami-Indonesians people based on hybridity theory framework. Hybridity studies become significant, not only because this framework is rarely used in analyzing identity construction process of Hadrami-Indonesians, but also because this framework could define process, actor and liminal dialogue area in identity construction. Thorough analysis in liminal area is useful in understanding identity construction of a certain group with its larger group (Indonesia) that intersects in identity border. This research used qualitative approach with descriptive research type. Data collecting is done through observations, in depth interviews and bibliographical studies. At the end, this studies discover that first of all, hybridity can be use in a object of study involving more than two actors; interaction space between the actor as a third space could be in a shape of incisions from various actors, not just liminal space between two actors. Secondly, in a case where hybridity studies discusses broad dialogue topic then hybridity concept could be classified in each layers of topics with the same actors. Third, identity is a hybrid (or mixture) of a stable position element which will not change alongside construction process with flexible position element in dealing with (or position itself) dynamic condition in a certain time."

"Tesis ini membahas identitas keturunan Hadrami dalam naskah drama Fatimah (1938) karya Hoesin Bafagih yang ditengarai berupaya mendiskusikan wacana baru terhadap tanah air mereka (baru) yaitu Indonesia melalui konsep representasi (1990) dan identitas (1997) dari Stuart Hall serta konsep nation dari Anderson (1991). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan adanya tarik ulur identitas budaya dan membongkar nasionalisme keturunan Hadrami yang direpresentasikan melalui tokoh dan penokohan. Hasil analisis membuktikan bahwa Fatimah (1938) mengandung propaganda kebangsaan dengan menunjukkan keberpihakannya pada narasi keindonesiaan dibandingkan kehadramian. Keberpihakan tersebut bisa dilihat melalui penanda dalam teks yang mendiskreditkan gagasan konservatif, eksklusif dan anti-nasionalis sejak awal hingga akhir cerita. Sementara itu, sikap teks yang terlihat mengedepankan kepentingan identitas etnik dengan cara melakukan otokritik, dibaca sebagai strategi yang digunakan teks untuk menumbuhkan kesadaran berbangsa dengan tujuan mengubah kehadramian tradisional menjadi kehadramian yang berorientasi nasional, yakni dengan menyuguhkan gagasan progresif, inklusif dan nasionalis. Faktanya, strategi ini juga merupakan bagian dari cara teks untuk memperlihatkan bahwa Fatimah (1938) mewakili semangat zaman, di mana bangkitnya semangat keindonesiaan diawali dengan gagasan-gagasan yang bersifat etno-nasionalisme. Fatimah (1938) merupakan tonggak lahirnya identitas baru sebagai orang Indonesia berdarah Hadrami sekaligus “corong” bagi Persatuan Arab Indonesia (PAI).

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This research identifies Hadhrami descent in Fatimah play script by Hoesin Bafagih (1938). This playscript discusses new discourses of their homeland, Indonesia. This study employed the representation concept (1990) and the identity concept (1997) by Stuart Hall and the nation concept by Anderson (1991). This research investigates the tug-of-war of cultural identity and discovers Hadhrami descent's nationalism represented in the play's characters and characterizations. The research results prove that Fatimah (1938) contains national propaganda by presenting its alignment with Indonesian, not Hadhrami. The alignment is presented by textual signifiers that discredit conservative, exclusive, and anti-nationalist ideas from the beginning to the end of the story. Meanwhile, textual narration that prioritizes ethnic identity through self-criticism is interpreted as the text's strategy to grow national awareness to shift the Hadhrami traditions to national-oriented Hadhrami. This strategy is manifested by presenting progressive, inclusive, and nationalistic ideas. Furthermore, this strategy is the texts' method and shows that Fatimah (1938) represents the zest of times when ethnonationalism ideas initiate Indonesian spirits. Besides, Fatimah (1938) is the pioneer of a new identity as an Indonesian with Hadhrami blood and becomes a tool for the Indonesian Arab Union"

"Perkembangan permukiman selalu erat kaitannya dengan pembentukan unsur-unsur morfologi kota seperti penggunaan lahan, jaringan jalan, dan struktur bangunan. Selain itu, permukiman tidaklah berdiri sendiri, melainkan merupakan kolaborasi yang saling terkait antara beberapa elemen: Manusia, Masyarakat, Alam, Network, dan Shells. Manusia dan masyarakat seringkali terdorong oleh faktor budaya dari etnis masing-masing dalam membangun permukiman, seperti halnya masyarakat Arab-Hadrami di Pontianak Timur. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan permukiman Arab-Hadrami di Pontianak Timur dan pengaruhnya pada pembentukan morfologi urban Pontianak Timur, yang terwujudukan dalam unsur-usnur morofologi kota. Metode sejarah meliputi heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi digunakan untuk mengetahui perkembangan permukiman Arab-Hadrami. Kemudian metode hermeneutika digunakan untuk mendalami unsur-unsur morfologi kota yang terkait dengan perkembangan permukiman Arab-Hadrami. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Permukiman Arab-Hadrami di Pontianak Timur awalnya terikat pada unsur-unsur alam, berkembang menjadi Kerajaan, tetapi kurang berkembang karena persaingan dengan entitas politik lain. Perkembangan permukiman ditandai dengan pembukaan kawasan baru oleh tokoh Arab-Hadrami lain. Meskipun permukiman melebur antar etnis setelah Kerajaan Pontianak berakhir, Kampung Saigon dan Tanah Beting masih menjadi tempat pelestarian budaya Arab-Hadrami. Pengaruh kebudayaan ini terlihat pada jejak-jejaknya seperti pada penggunaan lahan, jaringan jalan, dan bangunan-bangunan penting yang menjadi potensi wisata dan aset budaya.

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Settlement development is always closely related to the formation of urban morphological elements such as land use, road networks, and building structures. In addition, settlements do not stand alone, but are interrelated collaborations between several elements: Human, Community, Nature, Network, and Shells. Humans and society are often driven by cultural factors from their respective ethnicities in building settlements, such as the Arab-Hadrami community in East Pontianak. Therefore this study aims to determine the development of Arab-Hadrami settlements in East Pontianak and their influence on the formation of urban morphology of East Pontianak, which is manifested in the morphological elements of the city. Historical methods including heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography are used to determine the development of Arab-Hadrami settlements. Then the hermeneutic method is used to explore the morphological elements of the city related to the development of Arab-Hadrami settlements. The results of the study show that the Arab-Hadrami Settlements in East Pontianak were originally bound by natural elements, developed into a Kingdom, but were less developed due to competition with other political entities. Settlement development was marked by the opening of new areas by other Arab-Hadrami figures. Even though settlements merged between ethnic groups after the end of the Pontianak Kingdom, Kampung Saigon and Tanah Beting are still places of preservation of Arab-Hadrami culture. The influence of this culture can be seen in its traces such as land use, road networks and important buildings that become tourism potential and cultural assets."

"This essay examines the consequences of migration by looking at the relationship between migration and social transformation. In particular, it focuses on the construction of gender and how migration disrupted traditional gender relations among Hadramis from Hadramawt valley of Southern Yemen in Indonesia. It utilizes a fictional work criticizing migration as a point of departure in looking at the effects of migration on the traditional order. The text is important as it is a critique of migration written from the perspective of the Thariqah 'Alawiyyah (the dominant Sufi order in Hadramaut), thereby, highlighting the disruption caused by migration to traditional structures. The essay is divided into four parts. The first deals with the background information concerning migration and the Thariqah in order to contextualize the text The second part looks at how migration disrupts the notion of masculinity and femininity' The third part focuses on the concept of family and its reconfiguration due to migration And the final concluding section places the Hadrami migration experience into a gendered theoretical framework to illustrate that gender is historically and culturally dependent."

"Penelitian ini membahas urutan kata bahasa Arab dalam media koran Al-Ahram, Mesir periode Nopember 2012. Urutan kata adalah bagian dari kajian sintaksis dan berperan sebagai ciri khas suatu bahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Shinny yang mengklasifikasikan urutan kata menjadi jumla ismiyya dan jumla fi’liyya dan Holes dengan klasifikasi VSKOMP, SVKOMP, KOMPVS, dan VKOMPS. Teori-teori ini digunakan agar analisis pada korpus data menjadi lebih rinci. Penelitian ini juga memberikan analisis singkat mengenai kesesuaian subjek-predikat berkaitan dengan urutan kata. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran pemakaian urutan kata yang produktif dengan pembuktian pada korpus data. Berdasarkan penghitungan pada korpus data yang berupa 100 kalimat, jumla fi’liyya muncul pada 80 kalimat sedangkan jumla ?ismiyya muncul pada 20 kalimat.

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This research analyses Arabic word order in the Al-Ahram Newspaper, Egypt in November 2012. Word order is a part of syntactic research and also characteristic of a language. This research uses Shinny’s theory and Holes’ theory about classification of Arabic word order. Shinny’s theory divide the sentence into jumla ?ismiyya and jumla fi’liyya while Holes’ theory divide the sentence into VSKOMP, SVKOMP, VKOMPS, and KOMPVS sentence.

This research also gives a brief analysis about subject-predicate agreement related to the word order. The research gives a description about the productivity of the word order with evidences in the corpus. Based on statistic count from the 100 sentences of corpus, 80 sentences is jumla fi’liyya and 20 sentences is jumla ?ismiyya."