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"ABSTRAKEndometriosis merupakan penyakit ginekologi ditandai dengan implantasi jaringan endometrium di luar rongga uterus, berhubungan erat dengan proses inflamasi kronis. Stres oksidatif menjadi aktivator terjadinya proses inflamasi kronis di endometriosis. Oktil galat terbukti lebih efektif menekan proses inflamasi dibandingkan asam galat dan heptil galat pada sel kultur primer endometriosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh oktil galat pada proses inflamasi dan stres oksidatif pada tikus Wistar model endometriosis. Tiga puluh ekor tikus Wistar dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok uji, kontrol endometriosis dan kelompok normal. Kelompok uji dilakukan autotransplantasi lalu diberikan suspensi oktil galat dan CMC selama satu bulan. Kelompok endometriosis dilakukan autotransplantasi lalu diberikan larutan CMC selama satu bulan, sedangkan kelompok normal hanya dilakukan laparotomi. Seluruh tikus kemudian dieuthanasia, dari kelompok uji dan kontrol endometriosis diambil jaringan endometriosisnya sedangkan dari kelompok sehat diambil jaringan endometriumnya untuk dianalisis. Analisis MDA (Malondialdhyde) dan SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) dilakukan secara spektofotometri, kadar NF-ĸB dengan ELISA dan IL-1β (Interleukin-1 Beta) dengan LUMINEX. Pemberian oktil galat pada kelompok uji tidak menurunkan kadar MDA namun berpotensi menekan kondisi stres oksidatif dengan meningkatkan kadar SOD. Oktil galat terbukti menekan aktivasi NF-ĸB secara signifikan, namun tidak menekan kadar IL-1β. Oktil galat berperan sebagai antiinflamasi pada tikus Wistar model endometriosis dengan cara induksi peningkatan SOD dan hambatan langsung pada translokasi nuklear NF-ĸB.

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ABSTRACTEndometriosis is a gynecological disease characterized by the implantation of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, related to the chronic inflammatory process. Oxidative stress activates the occurrence of chronic inflammatory in endometriosis. Octyl gallate is more effective in suppressing the inflammatory process than gallic acid and heptil gallate in primary endometriosis culture cells. This study aimed to analyze the effect of octyl gallate on the inflammatory process and oxidative stress in endometriosis Wistar rat models. 30 Wistar rats were divided into three groups, the test group, endometriosis control and normal groups. The test group was autotransplantated and then given a suspension of octyl galate and CMC for one month. The endometriosis group was autotransplanted and then given a CMC solution for one month, while the normal group only underwent laparotomy. All rats were then euthanized, from the test and endometriosis group the endometriosis tissue was taken while from the normal group endometrial tissue was taken for analysis. MDA and SOD were measured using spectrophotometry, NF-ĸB with ELISA and IL-1β with LUMINEX. Induction of octyl gallate in the test group did not reduce MDA levels but could potentially suppress oxidative stress conditions by increasing SOD levels. Octyl gallate significantly inhibit the NF-ĸB activation, but not suppressing IL-1β levels significantly. Octyl gallate act as anti-inflammatory agent in endometriosis Wistar rat model through the enhancement of SOD and direct inhibition to nuclear translocation of NF-ĸB."

"Endometriosis merupakan penyakit ginekologi yang ditandai dengan pertumbuhan jaringan mirip endometrium di luar rongga uterus. Inflamasi kronik pada endometriosis memiliki peranan penting dalam memfasilitasi perkembangan kista endometriosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas oktil galat dalam menurunkan inflamasi pada tikus Wistar model endometriosis. Sejumlah 30 ekor tikus wistar betina dibagi secara acak ke dalam tiga kelompok. Kelompok pertama dan kedua direkayasa membentuk jaringan endometriosis, sedangkan kelompok ketiga dilaparatomi sebagai kelompok kontrol negatif. Setelah dua bulan, dilakukan laparatomi kedua pada kelompok satu dan dua untuk mengevaluasi pembentukan jaringan endometriosis. Induksi oktil galat diberikan pada kelompok pertama selama satu bulan. Seluruh tikus kemudian dieuthanasia dan jaringan endometriosis kelompok pertama dan kedua, serta jaringan endometrium kelompok ketiga, diambil untuk dianalisis. Pengukuran kadar sitokin TNF-α dan IL-10 dilakukan menggunakan Luminex Multiplex Assay, sedangkan kadar COX-2 dan PGE₂ diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Analisis beda proporsi menunjukkan bahwa pemberian oktil galat pada kelompok pertama tidak memberikan perubahan kadar TNF-α kategori tinggi yang signifikan, sedangkan kadar COX-2, PGE₂, dan IL-10 kategori tinggi teramati mengalami penurunan signifikan sebesar 22,3%, 55,6%, dan 44,5%, dibandingkan dengan kelompok kedua (p<0,05). Oktil galat diketahui efektif dalam menurunkan mediator inflamasi COX-2 dan PGE₂, serta anti-inflamasi IL-10, yang memicu perbaikan gejala klinis berupa regresi ukuran kista endometriosis.

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Endometriosis is a gynecological disease, characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Chronic inflammation in endometriosis has an important role in facilitating the development of endometriosis cysts. The present study aimed to analyze the anti inflammatory effect of octyl gallate in endometriosis Wistar rat model. 30 female Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups. Endometriosis induction was performed in the first and second group, while a sham operation was performed in the third group. Two months later, a second laparotomy was performed in the first and second groups to evaluate endometriosis tissue formation. Octyl gallate was administered via oral gavage to the first group for one month. All rats were sacrificed and endometriosis tissue samples were collected for further analysis. TNF-α and IL-10 levels were measured using Luminex Multiplex Assay, while COX-2 and PGE₂ levels were measured using the ELISA method. The administration of octyl gallate in the first group did not significantly effect TNF-α levels, whereas the high category of COX-2, PGE₂, and IL-10 levels were observed to experience a significant decrease up to 22.3%, 55.6%, and 44.5% compared to the second group (p<0.05). In conclusion, octyl gallate was able to supress the inflammatory mediators, COX-2 and PGE₂, along the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-10, which induced the regression of endometriosis cysts size as an improvement of clinical symptoms."

"Latar belakang: Akumulasi volume latihan fisik yang berlebihan (overtraining/OT), dalam jangka panjang dapat menimbulkan penurunan performa yang disebut overtraining syndrome (OTS). Patofisiologi OTS banyak dihubungkan dengan stress oksidatif, kondisi ketidakseimbangan antara radikal bebas dan antioksidan endogen, yang dapat berujung pada gangguan kardiovaskular. Beberapa penelitan menunjukkan bahwa stres oksidatif dapat dihambat melalui suplementasi antioksidan. Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn. (H. sabdariffa) adalah tanaman yang mengandung antioksidan tinggi.Tujuan: Melihat efek OT terhadap tingkat stress oksidatif jantung tikus dan efek pemberian H. sabdariffa terhadap stress oksidatif jantung tikus OT.Metode: Studi eksperimental menggunakan 25 tikus Wistar dewasa, 8-10 minggu, 300-350 gr, diacak menjadi lima kelompok: Kontrol (C), Kontrol+Hibiscus (C-Hib), Latihan Aerobik (A), Overtraining (OT) dan Overtraining+Hibiscus (OT-Hib). Dosis H. sabdariffa yang diberikan: 500 mg/kgBB/hari. Latihan fisik (A dan OT) dilakukan 5x/minggu selama 11 minggu. Dihitung kadar MDA, SOD dan GSH pada jantung tikus menggunakan spektrofotometri dan Nox2 pada jantung tikus menggunakan ELISA pada akhir Minggu 11.Hasil: Pada kelompok OT-Hib kadar MDA secara bermakna mengalami penurunan, kadar GSH secara bermakna mengalami peningkatan, didukung dengan kadar SOD yang cenderung meningkat, namun tidak signifikan, dan Nox2 mengalami peningkatan yang tidak signifikan.Kesimpulan: Overtraining menyebabkan kondisi stres oksidatif pada jaringan jantung tikus dan pemberian suplementasi H. sabdariffa memiliki potensi menangani stres oksidatif pada jantung tikus overtraining

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Background: Accumulation of overtraining/OT volume, in the long run can lead to decreased performance called overtraining syndrome (OTS). Pathophysiology of OTS is associated with oxidative stress, a condition of imbalance between free radicals and endogenous antioxidants, which can lead to cardiovascular disorders. Some research shows that oxidative stress can be inhibited through antioxidant supplementation. Hibiscus Sabdariffa Linn. (H. sabdariffa) is a plant that contains high antioxidants.

Objective: This study was to look at the effect of OT on rat heart oxidative stress levels and the effect of giving H. sabdariffa to oxidative stress in OT rats.

Methods: The study was an experimental study using 25 adult Wistar rats, 8-10 weeks, 300-350 gr, randomized into five groups: Control (C), Control + Hibiscus (C-Hib), Aerobic Exercise (A), Overtraining (OT ) and Overtraining + Hibiscus (OT-Hib). Dosage of H. sabdariffa given: 500 mg/kg/day. Physical exercise (A and OT) is given 5x/week for 11 weeks. Calculated levels of MDA, SOD and GSH using spectrophotometry and Nox2 using ELISA at the end of Week 11.

Results: In the OT-Hib group, MDA levels significantly decreased, GSH levels significantly increased, supported by SOD levels which tended to increase, but were not significant, and Nox2 experienced an insignificant increase.

Conclusion: Overtraining can causes oxidative stress conditions in rat heart tissue, and supplementation of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. can handle oxidative stress in overtraining rat's heart."

"[ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Endometriosis diperkirakan ditemukan pada 2-22% wanita usia reproduksi yang asimptomatik, sedangkan pada wanita yang mengalami dismenore, prevalensinya meningkat menjadi 40-60%. Terapi yang ada saat ini adalah terapi medikamentosa, terapi pembedahan, atau gabungan dari keduanya. Namun belum ada yang dapat berhasil menghilangkan penyakit ini. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan angka kekambuhan endometriosis yang cukup tinggi, yaitu 33,3-40,3%. Pada penderita endometriosis, terjadi proses inflamasi akibat adanya stress oksidatif yang berasal dari perdarahan siklik. Pada perdarahan siklik ini didapatkan heme dan besi yang merupakan suatu oksidan. Beratnya stress oksidatif yang terjadi dapat dilihat dari kadar malondialdehida dalam darah karena radikal bebas yang merupakan bagian dari ROS akan mengubah asam lemak jenuh menjadi aldehid dan malondialdehida (MDA). Telah diketahui bahwa kadar MDA pada jaringan endometriosis lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan endometrium eutopik. Kurkumin diketahui mempunyai efek antiinflamasi, antioksidan, dan imunomodulator. Efek antioksidan dari kurkumin bekerja dengan cara mengurangi jumlah radikal bebas yang beredar.Tujuan: Menilai pengaruh pemberian kurkumin terhadap stress oksidatif pada penderita endometriosis.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan suatu penelitian uji klinis acak tersamar ganda dengan kontrol pasien yang mendapat kapsul plasebo selama periode Desember 2014 ? Mei 2015. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan consecutive sampling.Hasil: Sejumlah 12 subjek dari kelompok kurkumin diberikan perlakuan dengan 1x100 mg kurkumin selama 2 bulan, sedangkan 12 subjek pada kelompok kontrol diberikan kapsul plasebo selama 2 bulan, setelah sebelumnya diambil MDA pre perlakuan. Satu pasien dari kelompok kurkumin dan 2 dari kelompok kontrol drop-out karena tidak kembali pada akhir bulan kedua untuk pengambilan MDA pasca perlakuan. Rerata awal kadar MDA subjek kelompok plasebo adalah 0,39 ± 0,39 nmol/ml dengan rerata kadar MDA di akhir intervensi 0,32 ± 0,14 nmol/ml. Penurunan tersebut tidak bermakna berdasarkan uji statistik dengan nilai p=0,80. Rerata awal (baseline) kadar MDA subjek dengan suplementasi kurkumin adalah 0,33 ± 0,21 nmol/ml dengan rerata kadar MDA pasca intervensi berkurang menjadi 0,31 ± 0,13 nmol/ml. Secara statistik penurunan kadar MDA pasca suplementasi kurkumin tidak bermakna (p=0,84). Tidak didapatkan perbedaan bermakna kadar MDA awal antar kedua kelompok (p=0,56). Demikian juga pada kadar MDA akhir intervensi dan perubahan (delta) kadar MDA antar kedua kelompok setelah intervensi, tidak dijumpai berbedaan bermakna secara statistik dengan p=0,85 dan p=0,81, berturut-turutKesimpulan: Tidak terdapat penurunan kadar MDA yang bermakna pada subjek dengan suplementasi kurkumin maupun plasebo.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Endometriosis is estimated to be found in 2-22% asymptomatic reproductive women, while women with dysmenorrhea, the prevalence increased to 40-60%. Current management is medical therapy, surgical therapy, or a combination of both. But no one has been able to successfully eliminate this disease. This is proven by endometriosis recurrence rate is high enough, ranging from 33.3 to 40.3%. In endometriosis, inflammatory process occurs as a result of oxidative stress originating from cyclic bleeding. At this cyclic bleeding obtained heme and iron which is an oxidant. Free radicals that are part of the ROS (reactive oxygen species) will change the saturated fatty acids to aldehydes and malondialdehydes (MDA), so oxidative stress that occurs can be seen from plasma malondialdehyde levels. In recent study, MDA levels in endometriosis tissue was significantly higher than the eutopic endometrium. Curcumin is known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Antioxidant effects of curcumin works by reducing the amount of circulating free radicals.Objective: Assess the effect of curcumin on oxidative stress in endometriosis patientsMethods: This study is a randomized double-blind clinical trial with control groups receiving placebo capsules for the period December 2014 - May 2015. Sampling was conducted by consecutive sampling.Results: Twelve subjects of the treatment group was given curcumin 1x100 mg, while 12 subjects in the control group was given placebo capsules for 2 months. Peripheral blood was taken for MDA levels pre treatment. One patient from curcumin group and 2 from the control group dropped out because they do not come at the end of treatment for MDA measurement. The mean initial MDA level of placebo group was 0.39 ± 0.39 nmol / ml with a mean MDA levels at the end of the intervention 0.32 ± 0.14 nmol / ml. The decrease was not statistically significants with p = 0.80. The mean initial MDA levels of curcumin group was 0.33 ± 0.21 nmol / ml with a mean at the end of intervention was 0.31 ± 0.13 nmol / ml. The decrease was not statistically significants with p = 0.84. There were no significant differences between the initial MDA levels both groups (p = 0.56). Likewise, at MDA levels post intervention and delta between the MDA pre and post intervention on both groups, found no statistically significant with p = 0.85 and p = 0.81, respectively.Conclusions: There was no significant decrease in MDA levels in subjects with curcumin supplementation or placebo., Background: Endometriosis is estimated to be found in 2-22% asymptomatic reproductivewomen, while women with dysmenorrhea, the prevalence increased to 40-60%. Currentmanagement is medical therapy, surgical therapy, or a combination of both. But no one hasbeen able to successfully eliminate this disease. This is proven by endometriosis recurrencerate is high enough, ranging from 33.3 to 40.3%. In endometriosis, inflammatory processoccurs as a result of oxidative stress originating from cyclic bleeding. At this cyclic bleedingobtained heme and iron which is an oxidant. Free radicals that are part of the ROS (reactiveoxygen species) will change the saturated fatty acids to aldehydes and malondialdehydes(MDA), so oxidative stress that occurs can be seen from plasma malondialdehyde levels. Inrecent study, MDA levels in endometriosis tissue was significantly higher than the eutopic endometrium. Curcumin is known to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. Antioxidant effects of curcumin works by reducing the amountof circulating free radicals.Objective: Assess the effect of curcumin on oxidative stress in endometriosis patientsMethods: This study is a randomized double-blind clinical trial with control groups receivingplacebo capsules for the period December 2014 - May 2015. Sampling was conducted byconsecutive sampling.Results: Twelve subjects of the treatment group was given curcumin 1x100 mg, while 12subjects in the control group was given placebo capsules for 2 months. Peripheral blood wastaken for MDA levels pre treatment. One patient from curcumin group and 2 from the controlgroup dropped out because they do not come at the end of treatment for MDA measurement.The mean initial MDA level of placebo group was 0.39 ± 0.39 nmol / ml with a mean MDAlevels at the end of the intervention 0.32 ± 0.14 nmol / ml. The decrease was not statisticallysignificants with p = 0.80. The mean initial MDA levels of curcumin group was 0.33 ± 0.21nmol / ml with a mean at the end of intervention was 0.31 ± 0.13 nmol / ml. The decreasewas not statistically significants with p = 0.84. There were no significant differences betweenthe initial MDA levels both groups (p = 0.56). Likewise, at MDA levels post intervention anddelta between the MDA pre and post intervention on both groups, found no statisticallysignificant with p = 0.85 and p = 0.81, respectively.Conclusions: There was no significant decrease in MDA levels in subjects with curcumin supplementation or placebo.]"

"Penelitian ini membahas tingkat karbonil sebagai penanda dari stress oksidatif di ginjal akibat terpapar oleh hipoksia hipobarik akut interminten. Hipoksia hipobarik rentan terjadi kepada penerbang (pilot) yang sering terpapar oleh kondisi ini. Sebagai salah satu organ penting, ginjal rentan terpapar oleh stress oksidatif akibat hipoksia hipobarik. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain eksperimental. Sampel jaringan yang dipakai adalah jaringan ginjal tikus jantan galur wistar. Sampel ini lalu dikelompokkan ke dalam empat perlakuan dengan perbedaan frekuensi paparan hipoksia hipobarik dari hypoxia chamber dan satu kelompok kontrol. Metode Cayman?s Protein Carbonyl Assay yang telah dimodifikasi oleh departemen biokimia Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia digunakan dalam percobaan ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya tingkat perbedaan karbonil yang bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol (p<0.05). Bedasarkan hasil pada penilitian ini, dapat disimpulkan terdapat peningkatan stres oksidatif secara signifikan pada keadaan hipoksia hipobarik akut intermiten di jaringan ginjal tikus.

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This study discussed about carbonyl concentration level as marker of stress oxidative in kidney due to acute intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure. Hypobaric hypoxia is prone to occur in aviators (pilots) who usually expose to this condition. As one of important organs, kidney is prone to be exposed by stress oxidative due to hypobaric hypoxia. This study uses experimental design. The sample used in this study was kidney tissue from male rats wistar. This sample then grouped into four different exposed groups which is differed in frequency of hypobaric hypoxia given in hypoxic chamber and a control group. The method used to measure carbonyl concentration was the method from Cayman's Protein Carbonyl Assay Procedure which then modified by biochemistry department Universitas Indonesia. The result from this experiment revealed that there was a significant difference of carbonyl concentration between exposed and control group (p<0.05). This study concluded that there was a significant increase of stress oxidative in acute intermittent hypobaric hypoxia condition in kidney tissue."

"Luka pada kulit dapat disebabkan oleh trauma, hasil tindik pada badan, dan bahkan prosedur operasi. Luka akan diperbaiki melalui beberapa tahapan dan proses untuk mengembalikan struktur kulit kembali normal. Namun, proses tersebut tidak selalu berjalan dengan normal dan dapat berkembang menjadi jaringan parut atau jaringan keloid sebagai akibat dari meningkatnya aktivitas fibroblas. Peningkatan aktivitas fibroblas ini akan menyebabkan meningkatnya kebutuhan energi dan oksigen sehingga keadaan hipoksia dapat terjadi dan menyebabkan pembentukan ROS yang dapat berujung pada keadaan stres oksidatif. Antioksidan bekerja untuk mengatasi masalah ini dan salah satu antioksidan adalah katalase. Riset ini bertujuan untuk melihat efek kondisi tersebut terhadap aktivitas katalase di jaringan keloid dan dibandingkan dengan jaringan normal sebagai kontrol yaitu prepusium. Sampel eksperimen adalah jaringan keloid yang didapatkan melalui insisi pada operasi dan jaringan prepusium melalui sirkumsisi masing-masing sejumlah 9 sample. Aktivitas spesifik katalase diukur melalui penurunan kadar H2O2 yang diuraikan oleh katalase dan dibaca serapannya dengan spectrophotometer pada panjang gelombang 280nm. Setelah mendapatkan data, data tersebut dianalisis secara statistik dengan software SPSS. Uji normalitas menunjukan distribusi data yang tidak normal sehingga dilanjutkan dengan uji non parametric yaitu tes MannWhitney. Hasil analisis dengan tes Mann-Whitney menunjukan hasil yang tidak signifikan (p value = 0.021) walaupun terdapat penurunan aktivitas spesifik katalase pada jaringan keloid jika dibandingkan dengan prepusium yaitu 0.528 dan 0.386 (U/mg protein) pada prepusium dan keloid. Hal ini dapat dikarenakan perbedaan reaksi catalase dalam kondisi akut dan kronik dimana stres oksidatif yang sudah terjadi di jaringan keloid dapat menyebabkan katalase tidak mampu mengkompensasi ROS pada jaringan dan keadaan stres oksidatif tersebut. Selain itu. terdapat juga kemungkinan peran dan intervensi dari antioksidan enzimatik yang lain. Kesimpulan penelitian terdapat penurunan aktivitas katalase namun secara statistik penurunan tersebut tidaklah signifikan.

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Skin sores can be caused by trauma, body piercing results, and even surgical procedures. The wound will be repaired through several stages and processes to restore the structure of the skin back to normal. However, the process does not always run normally and can develop into scar tissue or keloid tissue as a result of increased fibroblast activity. This increase in fibroblast activity will cause an increase in energy and oxygen requirements so that hypoxia can occur and cause the formation of ROS which can lead to a state of oxidative stress. Antioxidants work to overcome this problem and one of the antioxidants is catalase. This research aims to see the effect of these conditions on the activity of catalase in keloid tissue and compared with normal tissue as a control, namely the prepusium. Experimental samples are keloid tissue obtained through incisions in surgery and prepusium tissue through circumcision of 9 samples each. The specific activity of catalase is measured by decreasing the H2O2 levels described by catalase and its absorption is read with a spectrophotometer at 280nm wavelength. After getting the data, the data is analyzed statistically with SPSS software. The normality test shows that the data distribution is not normal so it continues with the non parametric test, the Mann Whitney test. The results of the analysis with the Mann-Whitney test showed insignificant results (p value = 0.021) although there was a decrease in the specific activity of catalase in keloid tissue when compared with the prepusium which was 0.528 and 0.386 (U / mg protein) in the prepusium and keloid. This can be due differences in catalase reactions in acute and chronic conditions where oxidative stress that has already occurred in the keloid tissue can cause the catalase to be unable to compensate for ROS in the tissue and the oxidative stress state. Other than that. there are also possible roles and interventions of other enzymatic antioxidants. The conclusion of the research is that there is a decrease in catalase activity but statistically the reduction is not significant."

"Atlet melakukan aktivitas fisik secara terus menerus dengan intensitas tinggi. Keadaan ini diduga dapat mencetuskan terjadinya stres oksidatif yang diketahui berperan dalam mekanisme terjadinya beberapa penyakit. MDA diketahui sebagai salah satu marker terjadinya stres oksidatif. Sedangkan aktivitas SOD eritrosit dapat menggambarkan adaptasi sistem antioksidan terhadap latihan.Tujuan: Mengetahui gambaran kadar MDA plasma dan aktivitas SOD eritrosit saat istirahat pada kelompok atlet sepakbola profesional Indonesia dan pengunjung pusat kebugaran sebagai kontrol.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian potong lintang dengan subyek kelompok atlet dan kelompok kontrol. Subyek kelompok atlet adalah pesepakbola dari salah satu klub peserta kompetisi sepakbola tertinggi di Indonesia, sedangkan kelompok kontrol dipilih secara acak dari pengunjung salah satu pusat kebugaran di Jakarta. Dari kedua kelompok akan dikumpulkan data karakteristik fisik, kebiasaan olahraga dan tingkat aktivitas fisik, diikuti dengan pengambilan darah untuk mengetahui kadar MDA dan aktivitas SOD, setelah subyek berpuasa 12 jam dan tidak melakukan aktivitas fisik berat (olahraga) sejak 24 jam.Hasil: Karakteristik fisik kedua kelompok secara statistik tidak berbeda kecuali pada rerata nadi istirahat (P < 0,01). Hasil GPAQ menunjukkan kelompok atlet 100% tergolong tingkat aktivitas fisik tinggi, sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya 57%. Kadar MDA kelompok atlet lebih tinggi daripada kontrol (P < 0,01), dan aktivitas SOD eritrosit kelompok atlet lebih rendah daripada kontrol (P < 0,05).Kesimpulan: Kadar MDA plasma lebih tinggi dan aktivitas SOD eritrosit lebih rendah saat istirahat pada kelompok atlet dibandingkan kontrol. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan oleh perbedaan intensitas dan jenis aktivitas fisik yang biasa dilakukan.

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Athletes perform continuous physical activity in high intensity. This situation expected to trigger oxidative stress, which is known to play a role in the mechanism of many diseases. MDA is known as one of oxidative stress markers and the activity of erythrocyte SOD illustrates the adaptation of antioxidant system to exercise.

Objective: To determine the plasma MDA level and erythrocyte SOD activity at rest on a group of Indonesian professional football athletes and fitness center visitors as control.

Methods: This is a cross sectional study with athlete and control group. The subject in athlete group were taken from one club participating in highest league of football competition in Indonesia, while the control group was randomly selected from visitors of one fitness center in Jakarta. Data of physical characteristics, exercise habits and physical activity levels, followed by blood sampling after 12-hours fasting and 24-hours refrain from high intensity physical activity (exercise) for 24 hours were collected from both group.

Results: The physical characteristics of both groups were not statistically different, except the resting heart rate of athlete group lower than controls (P < 0.01). The GPAQ analysis showed that the athletes physical activity level are all high, compare to 57% of control group . Mean plasma MDA in athlete group is higher than controls (P < 0.01), and erythrocyte SOD activity in athlete group is lower than controls (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Plasma MDA were higher and erythrocyte SOD activity were lower in athletes compare to controls, during rest condition. This might be caused by the differences in the intensity and type of their usual physical activity."

"Latar Belakang: Hiperglikemia kronik pada diabetes akan menyebabkan peningkatan produksi reactive oxygen species ROS yang berkontribusi terhadap progresifitas nefropati. Kurkumin telah terbukti memiliki khasiat renoprotektif pada nefropati diabetik melalui efek antioksidan. Tetapi, kurkumin memiliki kekurangan yaitu, bioavailabilitas rendah, metabolisme lintas pertama yang ekstensif, dan kelarutan yang buruk. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui efek kurkumin dalam bentuk nanopartikel nanokurkumin terhadap tikus diabetes yang diinduksi Streptozotocine-Nikotinamide terhadap progresifitas nefropati melalui hambatan stress oksidatif. Metode: Tikus jantan Sprague Dawley diinduksi diabetes melalui pemberian Nikotinamide 100 mg/kg , dilanjutkan dengan Streptozotocine 55 mg/kg , dosis tunggal, intraperitoneal. Kemudian, tikus dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok; normal, DM tanpa treatment, DM treatment kurkumin 100 mg/kg, dan DM treatment nanokurkumin 100 mg/kg, selama 30 hari. Fungsi fisiologis dinilai berdasarkan BB, GDP, dan rasio berat ginjal. Fungsi ginjal dinilai berdasarkan klirens kreatinin, BUN, dan proteinuria. Kerusakan histologis dinilai dari scoring pewarnaan HE. Stress oksidatif diukur dari kadar malondialdehyde MDA dan kadar superoxide dismutase SOD. Hasil: Meski tidak signifikan, pemberian nanokurkumin menunjukkan efek yang lebih baik daripada pemberian kurkumin berdasarkan parameter SOD, GDP, berat badan, rasio berat ginjal, klirens kreatinin, protein urin, dan gambaran histopatologi. Pemberian nanokurkumin secara signifikan menurunkan kadar BUN. Kesimpulan: Setelah 30 hari pemberian nanokurkumin 100 mg/kg BB maupun kurkumin dengan dosis sama tidak dapat menurunkan stress oksidatif, namun dapat mencegah progresifitas nefropati diabetikum.

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Background: Chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetes leads to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species ROS that these contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy. Curcumin, has been recently discovered to have renoprotective effects on diabetic nephropathy DN through its antioxidant properties. However, low peroral bioavailability, extensive first pass metabolism, and low solubility is a major limiting factor for the success of clinical utilization of curcumin. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of curcumin formed in nanoparticles nanocurcumin treatment in Streptozotocine Nicotinamide induced diabetic rat on the progressivity of nephropathy through its stress oxidative inhibition.

Method: Diabetes was induced by Nicotinamide 100 mg kg followed by Streptozotocine 55 mg kg, single dose, intraperitoneal, in male Sprague Dawley rats. Then rats divided into four groups, namely normal, diabetic, diabetic treated with curcumin 100 mg kg, and diabetic treated with nanocurcumin 100 mg kg for 30 days. Physiological function was assessed by body weight, FBG, and kidney weight ratio. Renal function was assessed by creatinine clearance, BUN, and proteinuria. Diabetic renal damage was determined by Hematoxyclin Eosin HE staining. Oxidative stress was measured by renal malonaldehyde MDA level, and superoxide dismutase SOD level.

Result: Although did not significant, nanocurcumin showed better effect than curcumin based on SOD, FBG, body weight, kidney weght ratio, creatinine clearance, proteinuria, and renal histopathological changes. Nanocurcumin showed significant decreases in BUN level.

Conclusion: After 30 days of treatment, both nanocurcumin and curcumin 100 mg kg did not decreases oxidative stress but showed inhibition in progressivity of nephropathy."

"Latar Belakang: Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui secara lebih mendalam mekanisme molekuler fenomena respons adaptasi pada penduduk Mamuju, Sulawesi Barat sebagai area radiasi latar tinggi (high background radiation area/HBRA) di Indonesia khususnya ditinjau dari jalur inflamasi dan stress oksidatif.Metode: Penduduk Dusun Tande-Tande, Mamuju sebagai area radiasi latar tinggi dan penduduk Desa Topoyo, Mamuju Tengah sebagai kelompok kontrol direkrut dalam penelitian. Pemeriksaan kerusakan DNA, aberasi kromosom tidak stabil, stabil, mikronukleus, indeks mitosis, nuclear division index, aktivitas enzim SOD, GPx konsentrasi CAT serum dan darah lengkap dilakukan pada penelitian. Analisis G2 MN dilakukan untuk memvalidasi respons adaptasi pada penduduk Dusun Tande-Tande. Pengukuran konsentrasi sitokin dan protein pro-inflamasi, anti-inflamasi, p-Akt, Akt, dan NFkB dilakukan untuk mengetahui keterlibatan jalur inflamasi dan stress oksidatif pada fenomena respons adaptasi. Hasil: Analisis kerusakan DNA, aberasi kromosom tidak stabil, stabil, aktivitas SOD, aktivitas GPx menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok penelitian. Rerata konsentrasi CAT kelompok kasus lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Nilai indeks mitosis dan nuclear division index (NDI) pada kelompok kasus lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Rerata konsentrasi sitokin proinflamasi dan anti-inflamasi pada serum kelompok kasus lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Rerata konsentrasi protein marker inflamasi CRP pada serum kelompok kasus lebih rendah tetapi tidak bermakna secara statistik dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Hasil pemeriksaan darah lengkap memperlihatkan bahwa jumlah sel darah merah kelompok kasus lebih tinggi secara bermakna sedangkan jumlah limfosit, nilai MCV, MCH, MCHC, dan RDW kelompok kasus lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Rerata nilai rasio p-Akt/Akt dan konsentrasi NFkB kelompok kasus lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Kesimpulan: Fenomena respons adaptasi terhadap radiasi terjadi pada penduduk Dusun Tande-Tande, Mamuju. Hasil penelitian belum dapat membuktikan peningkatan antioksidan serta sitokin tertentu baik sitokin pro maupun anti-inflamasi pada kelompok kasus. Aktivasi jalur Akt dan NFkB pada kelompok kasus belum dapat dibuktikan mengingat nilai rasio p-Akt/Akt serta konsentrasi NFkB lebih rendah secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol.

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Background: This study aim is to investigate the molecular mechanism of radioadaptive response in inhabitants of Mamuju, West Sulawesi as one of the high background radiation areas of Indonesia, particularly from inflammatory and oxidative stress perspectives.

Methods: Tande-Tande sub-village, Mamuju district inhabitants as high background radiation areas, and Topoyo Village inhabitants in Middle Mamuju district were recruited in this study. Evaluation of DNA damage, unstable and stable chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus, mitotic index, nuclear dividon index, SOD and GPx activities, serum catalase concentration and complete blood count were performed in this study. The G2 MN assay for validating the radioadaptive response phenomenon was performed in this study. Measurement of pro and anti-inflamamatory cytokines, p-Akt, AKt and NFkB were performed to find out the involvement of infllmation and stress oxidative on radioadaptive response phenomenon.

Results: The levels of DNA damage and stable and unstable chromosomal aberrations were not significantly different between the two groups. The rate of cell proliferation represented by the mitotic and nuclear dividion indexes showed a significantly higher rate in the case group. The SOD and GPx activities were not significantly different between the two groups. Interestingly, the CAT concentration was significantly lower in the case group. A significant lower level of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was also found in the case group. A lower level of CRP concentration as an inflammatory marker protein also showed in the present study, although it was not statistically significant. The complete blood counts analysis revealed a significant increase in RBC numbers and a significant decrease in lymphocyte numbers (MCV, MCH, MCHC, and RDW values) in the case group. The p-Akt/Akt ratio and NFkB concentration were also found to be statistically lower in the case group.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the radioadaptive response phenomena induced by chronic low radiation dose exposure existed in Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants. However, this present study failed to find a significant increase of antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory cytokines in Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants. The activation of Akt and NFkB pathways in Tande-Tande sub-village inhabitants was also not found in this present study. "

"Sekitar 35% dari 901 orang dewasa yang menjalani pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin ditemukan mengalami NAFPD (nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease). NAFPD berkaitan dengan manifestasi klinik (sindrom metabolik) MetS, adapun terapi yang diberikan sesuai dengan gejalanya seperti antihipertensi, statin, metformin dan faktor komorbid MetS, sehingga mungkin terjadi polifarmasi akibat multiterapi pengobatan. Dalam hal ini dibutuhkan obat tunggal yang dapat memperbaiki NAFPD pada tikus MetS salah satu kandidatnya yaitu 6-Gingerol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis efektifitas 6-Gingerol terhadap NAFPD akibat MetS melalui stress oksidatif pada organ pankreas tikus yang diinduksi HFD + Fruktosa 55% dan Streptozotocin 22mg/kg selama 8 minggu. Tikus yang mengalami sindrom metabolik diterapi dengan 6-Gingerol dosis 50,100 dan 200mg/kg selama 8 minggu. Setelah mencapai akhir terapi, serum dan jaringan pankreas di ambil dan di analisis kadar (tumor necrosis factor alpha) TNF-alpha, (interleukin-6) IL-6, (malondialdehyde) MDA, (glutathione peroxidase) GPx, amilase, akumulais lemak, ekspresi sel alfa dam beta pankreas sebagai parameter NAFPD. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa pemberian 6-Gingerol tidak dapat menurunkan aktivitas amilase serum, MDA, ekspresi mRNA IL-6, namun dapat meningkatkan aktivitas GPx, mengurangi akumulasi lemak, dan meningkatkan ekspresi insulin dan glukagon. Sehingga 6-Gingerol memiliki potensi sebagai agen terapeutik untuk memperbaiki NAFPD pada tikus MetS.

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About 35% of 901 adults who underwent routine health checks were found to have (nonalcoholic fatty pancreas disease) NAFPD. NAFPD is related to the clinical manifestations of (metabolic syndrome) MetS, while the therapy given is according to the symptoms. The therapies include: antihypertensives, statins, metformin, and MetS comorbid factors. Polypharmacy may occur as a result of multitherapy treatment. In this case, a single drug, namely 6-gingerol, is needed to improve NAFPD in the MetS rats. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of 6-Gingerol against MetS-induced NAFPD through oxidative stress in the pancreas of rats induced by HFD + Fructose 55% and Streptozotocin 22mg/kg for 8 weeks. Metabolic syndrome rats were treated with 6-gingerol doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg for 8 weeks. After reaching the end of therapy, serum and pancreatic tissue were collected and analyzed for levels of (tumor necrosis factor alpha) TNF-α, (interleukin-6) IL-6, (malondialdehyde) MDA, (glutathione peroxidase) GPx, amylase, fat accumulation, cell expression pancreatic alpha and beta as parameters of NAFPD. The results of analysis showed that administering 6-gingerol did not significantly reduce serum amylase activity, MDA, the relative expression of IL-6, but it increased GPX activity, reduced fat accumulation, and increased insulin and glucagon expression in pancreatic tissue. Thus 6-Gingerol has the potential as a therapeutic agent to improve NAFPD in the MetS."