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"ABSTRAKLejeunea merupakan genus lumut hati berdaun yang memiliki persebaran luas area, termasuk di Kampus Universitas Indonesia. Spesies dari genus memiliki banyak variasi karakter yang tidak terlihat jelas menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi karakter permukaan sel daun Lejeunea spp. secara ultrastruktur, melakukan perbandingan hasil data diperoleh dengan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan SEM, dan dideskripsikan Lejeunea spp. yang berada di Kampus Universitas Indonesia Depok. Sampel Lejeunea didapat dengan metode free roaming di area kampus Universitas Indonesia Depok. Cara kerjanya adalah dengan mengamati sampel menggunakan mikroskop cahaya, preparasi (fiksasi, pasca fiksasi, dehidrasi, pengeringan, pemasangan), dan observasi menggunakan SEM. Ada 6 spesies Lejeunea spp. yang diamati yaitu L. cocoes, L. anisophylla, L. papilionaceae, L. catanduana, L. curviloba, dan L. exilis. Hasil Pengamatan dengan mikroskop cahaya menunjukkan permukaan sel daun halus. Sedangkan hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan SEM menunjukkan bahwa semua Spesies Lejeunea yang diamati memiliki papila. Lejeunea cocoes memiliki bentuk papila sederhana, sedangkan Lejeunea lainnya memiliki bentuk papila berbentuk kerucut. Sedangkan mammillae hanya ditemukan di Lejeunea catanduana. Dengan dengan demikian, variasi permukaan sel di Lejeunea berpotensi digunakan sebagai karakter taksonomi dalam pengelompokan spesies.ABSTRACTLejeunea is a genus of leafy liverworts that has a wide distribution area, including at the University of Indonesia Campus. The species of the genus have a wide variety of characters that are not clearly visible using a light microscope. Therefore, this study aims to determine variations in the surface character of Lejeunea spp. Ultrastructurally, compared the results of the data obtained using a light microscope and SEM, and described Lejeunea spp. which is at the University of Indonesia Depok Campus. The Lejeunea sample was obtained by using the free roaming method in the campus area of ​​the University of Indonesia, Depok. The way it works is by observing the sample using a light microscope, preparation (fixation, post-fixation, dehydration, drying, installation), and observation using SEM. There are 6 species of Lejeunea spp. which were observed were L. cocoes, L. anisophylla, L. papilionaceae, L. catanduana, L. curviloba, and L. exilis. Observation results with light microscopy showed a smooth leaf cell surface. While the results of the study using SEM showed that all observed Lejeunea species had papillae. Lejeunea cocoes have a simple papilla shape, while other Lejeunea have a cone-shaped papillae. While mammillae are only found in Lejeunea catanduana. Thus, the cell surface variation in Lejeunea has the potential to be used as a taxonomic character in species grouping."

"Telah dilakukan penelitian di daerah sekitar kampus UI Depok untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis ektoparasit pada Rattus spp. dan jenis-jenis tikus yang terinfestasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di antara 55 ekor tikus yang ditangkap pada tahun 1991 dan 1992 ada dua jenis ektoparasit ialah pinjal Xebopsylla sheopis dan kutu Holopleura pasifica. Jenis-jenis tikus (Rattus) yang tertangkap dan terinfestasi ada 5 jenis, yaitu R. norvegicus, R.tiomanicus, R. rattus diardi, R.argentiventer, dan R.exulans."

"ABSTRAK Pinanga spp. collection in Bali Botanic Garden was attacked by leaf beetle Brontispa longissima, an inasive pest species that usually fed on young leaf of coconut and other species belongs to the Arecaceae family. Control attempt of this pest was important to prevent the spread. However, due to the pest life habit, systematic chemical pesticides was considered more efective than a direct contact chemical pesticides."

"Eksperimen untuk mengamati karakteristik fluoresensi Chlorella spp. dengan menggunakan laser Nitrogen yang memiliki stabilitas dan frekuensi repetisi tinggi (energi 5 mJ, durasi pulsa 5 ns) telah dilakukan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan untuk rentang konsentrasi 2.625 sel/ml hingga 2.769.000 sel/ml, intensitas fluoresensi pada λ = 687 dan konsentrasi sel memiliki hubungan linier. Juga ditunjukkan pada kultur Chlorella spp usia 7 hari, variasi pH pada awal kultur berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi sel yang dihasilkan.

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The Study on Fluorescence Characteristics of Chlorella spp: pH Influence on Culture. Experiments for measuring the fluorescence characteristics of Chlorella spp. by using high stability and high repetition rate nitrogen laser of energy 5 mJ with pulse duration of 5 ns have been carried out. The results show that for a cell concentration range from 2,625 cells/ml up to 2,769,000 cells/ml, the fluorescence intensities at pada λ = 687 nm have a linear relationship with the cell concentration. It has been also found that for a 7 days old chlorella culture, the pH variation at the starting culture influenced the cell concentration."

"Nitrifikasi adalah proses alami di badan air di mana terjadi pemecahan nitrogen tereduksi, umumnya dalam bentuk amonia (NH4+) menjadi Nitrit (NO2-) dan kemudian menjadi Nitrat (NO3-) oleh bantuan bakteri. Laju nitrifikasi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis laju nitrifikasi pada Sungai Kali Baru dengan metode batch, menganalisis pengaruh konsentrasi TSS terhadap laju nitrifikasi, dan menganalisis pengaruh nilai laju reaksi hasil percobaan terhadap akurasi model QUAL2Kw. Evaluasi laju nitrifikasi dilakukan dengan mengamati fluktuasi konsentrasi parameter nitrifikasi dari sampel air selama rentang waktu hingga 12 hari, kemudian dilakukan perhitungan menggunakan persamaan kinetika reaksi untuk mendapatkan tetapan laju oksidasi amonia (kai) dan tetapan laju oksidasi nitrit (kin). Nilai kai yang diperoleh merupakan nilai tetapan laju nitrifikasi yang dapat dimodelkan dalam QUAL2Kw untuk kemudian dibandingkan hasil simulasi amonia dan nitratnya dengan laju default (0,1858 /hari). Penelitian ini menguji sampel air Sungai Kali Baru, dan sampel air kondisi artificial. Parameter yang diuji dalam penelitian ini adalah konsentrasi Amonia, Nitrit, Nitrat, dan TSS. Sampel air Sungai Kali Baru memiliki konsentrasi TSS sebesar 113 mg/L, kai sebesar 0,30587 /hari serta kin sebesar 0,14088 /hari. Sampel artificial tidak mengandung TSS sehingga diperoleh kai sebesar 0,00355 /hari, dan kin sebesar 0,04944 /hari. Laju nitrifikasi yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini 64,6% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan laju nitrifikasi default permodelan. Namun, perbedaan laju nitrifikasi ini hanya menurunkan konsentrasi amonia hasil permodelan sebesar 0,17% dan meningkatkan konsentrasi nitrat hasil permodelan sebesar 0,39%.

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Nitrification is a natural process in a water body breaking down reduced nitrogen in the form of ammonia (NH4+) to Nitrite (NO2+) which further oxidises into Nitrate (NO3-) by the help of bacteria. The rate of nitrification is affected by several factors. This study aims to analyze the nitrification rate of Kali Baru River using a batch method, analyzing the effect of TSS concentration in water to the nitrification rate, and analyzing how nitrification rate achieved from this study affected the accuracy of a previous QUAL2Kw model. The evaluation of nitrification rate is done by observing the fluctuation of nitrification parameter concentration in a water sample ranging to 12 days, then a kinetical rate analysis is done to gather the ammonia oxidation rate (kai) and the nitrite oxidation rate (kin). The kai value is determined to be the nitrification rate that can be modelled in QUAL2Kw. The ammonia and nitrate concentration modelled by using the kai from this study will be compared to the default value of nitrification rate from the previous modelling (0,1858 /day). This study tested the water quality of Kali Baru River water sample and an artificial condition water sample. The parameters tested in this study are ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and TSS concentration. Samples from Kali Baru River resulted a 113 mg/L TSS concentration and a kai, and kin value of 0,30587 /day and 0,14088 /day respectively. Artificial condition water sample did not result in any TSS concentration and resulted a kai, and kin value of 0,00355 /day and 0,04944 /day respectively. The nitrification rate acquired from this study is 64,6% higher than the default nitrification rate but only decreased the modelled ammonia concentration by 0,17% and increased the modelled nitrate concentration by 0,39%."

"[DENV merupakan sebuah virus yang penularannya melalui vektor nyamuk, yaitu Aedes aegypti. Virus ini terdiri dari 4 tipe, yaitu DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, dan DENV-4. Infeksi DENV banyak terjadi pada negara dengan iklim tropis, diantaranya seperti Karibia, Asia Tenggara, serta Pasifik Barat. Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara dengan endemis infeksi DENV di seluruh wilayahnya. Hingga saat ini, tatalaksana yang diberikan untuk pasien dengan infeksi DENV masih berupa tatalaksana suportif dikarenakan belum ditemukan obat yang efektif untuk mengobati keempat tipe DENV. Ekstrak daun Shorea spp. disinyalir memiliki kemampuan untuk menginhibisi DENV sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai antiviral. Pada penelitian ini, sel Huh7It-1diinfeksikan dengan DENV dan diberikan ekstrak Shorea spp. dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Efektifitas ekstrak diteliti dengan menggunakan konsentrasi 320 μg/ml, 160 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, dan 10 μg/ml. Efek inhibisi diuji menggunakan metode Focus Assay. Sedangkan efek sitotoksik diuji menggunakan metode MTT Assay. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan nilai sitotoksik (CC50) ekstrak terhadap sel dan nilai inhibisi (IC50) ekstrak terhadap DENV, yaitu nilainya sebesar 150,85 μg/ml dan 23,22 μg/ml. Berdasarkan nilai IC50 dan CC50, didapatkan nilai Selectivity Index (SI) sebesar 6,496. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun Shorea spp. memiliki efek inhibisi terhadap DENV dan dapat dikembangkan sebagai antiviral terhadap DENV di masa mendatang.;DENV is a virus transmitted through mosquito vectors, named Aedes aegypti. This virus consists of four types, which is DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. DENV infection are more prevalent in countries with tropical climates, such as the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. Indonesia is one of the country with endemic DENV infection founded in the entire region. Until now, the treatment which is given to patients with DENV infection is still in the form of supportive treatment, because effective drugs to treat the four types of DENV has not been discovered yet. Leaf extract of Shorea spp. allegedly has the ability to inhibit DENV which acts as an antiviral. In this study, Huh7lt cell was infected with DENV and was given Shorea spp. extracts in various concentrations from 320 μg/ml, 160 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, and 10 μg/ml. Inhibitory effect was tested by using focus assay, while cytotoxic effect was tested by using MTT assay. In this study, the extract's cytotoxic value (CC50) against cell and inhibition values (IC50) against DENV was determined, with the results 150.85 μg/ml and 23.22 μg/ml. Based on value of IC50 dan CC50, Selectivity Inde x (SI) score was 6,496. This indicates that the leaf extract of Shorea spp. has inhibitory effects against DENV and could be developed as an antiviral againsts DENV in the future;DENV is a virus transmitted through mosquito vectors, named Aedes aegypti. This virus consists of four types, which is DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. DENV infection are more prevalent in countries with tropical climates, such as the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. Indonesia is one of the country with endemic DENV infection founded in the entire region. Until now, the treatment which is given to patients with DENV infection is still in the form of supportive treatment, because effective drugs to treat the four types of DENV has not been discovered yet. Leaf extract of Shorea spp. allegedly has the ability to inhibit DENV which acts as an antiviral. In this study, Huh7lt cell was infected with DENV and was given Shorea spp. extracts in various concentrations from 320 μg/ml, 160 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, and 10 μg/ml. Inhibitory effect was tested by using focus assay, while cytotoxic effect was tested by using MTT assay. In this study, the extract's cytotoxic value (CC50) against cell and inhibition values (IC50) against DENV was determined, with the results 150.85 μg/ml and 23.22 μg/ml. Based on value of IC50 dan CC50, Selectivity Inde x (SI) score was 6,496. This indicates that the leaf extract of Shorea spp. has inhibitory effects against DENV and could be developed as an antiviral againsts DENV in the future, DENV is a virus transmitted through mosquito vectors, named Aedes aegypti. This virus consists of four types, which is DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4. DENV infection are more prevalent in countries with tropical climates, such as the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. Indonesia is one of the country with endemic DENV infection founded in the entire region. Until now, the treatment which is given to patients with DENV infection is still in the form of supportive treatment, because effective drugs to treat the four types of DENV has not been discovered yet. Leaf extract of Shorea spp. allegedly has the ability to inhibit DENV which acts as an antiviral. In this study, Huh7lt cell was infected with DENV and was given Shorea spp. extracts in various concentrations from 320 μg/ml, 160 μg/ml, 80 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml, and 10 μg/ml. Inhibitory effect was tested by using focus assay, while cytotoxic effect was tested by using MTT assay. In this study, the extract's cytotoxic value (CC50) against cell and inhibition values (IC50) against DENV was determined, with the results 150.85 μg/ml and 23.22 μg/ml. Based on value of IC50 dan CC50, Selectivity Inde x (SI) score was 6,496. This indicates that the leaf extract of Shorea spp. has inhibitory effects against DENV and could be developed as an antiviral againsts DENV in the future]"

"Penelitian kriopreservasi spermatozoa ikan patin albino bertujuan untuk menganalisis ultrastruktur, fisiologi, dan molekuler spermatozoa ikan patin albino pasca kriopreservasi. Kriopreservasi dilakukan pada suhu -80°C selama 14 hari menggunakan kombinasi krioprotektan intraseluler yaitu metanol 10% dan krioprotektan ekstraseluler yaitu susu skim. Hasil ultrastruktur spermatozoa menunjukkan bahwa pada spermatozoa segar bagian membran sel kepala, mid piece, dan bagian flagel masih dalam kondisi utuh dan baik. Ultrastruktur spermatozoa pasca ekuilibrasi nampak ada perbesaran lebar dan panjang kepala spermatozoa dibandingkan spermatozoa segar, walaupun secara struktur masih tampak utuh. Ultrastruktur spermatozoa pasca pencairan tampak terjadi kerusakan membran bagian kepala dan flagel. Hasil pengukuran morfometri spermatozoa menunjukkan adanya peningkatan lebar kepala spermatozoa yaitu 1,59 µm pada spermatozoa segar menjadi 1,97 µm pada spermatozoa pasca ekuilibrasi dan 2,40 µm pada spermatozoa pasca pencairan. Demikian pula, terdapat perubahan panjang kepala spermatozoa yaitu 3,70 µm pada spermatozoa segar menjadi 3,81 µm pada spermatozoa pasca ekuilibrasi, dan 3,90 µm pada spermatozoa pasca pencairan. Analisis viabilitas spermatozoa didapatkan penurunan viabilitas spermatozoa pasca pencairan (61±2,30%) dibandingkan spermatozoa segar (92±0,58%) dan spermatozoa pasca ekuilibrasi (80±3,51%). Analisis fisiologi spermatozoa didapatkan penurunan fungsi mitokondria pada spermatozoa pasca ekuilibrasi (57±7%) dan spermatozoa pasca pencairan (42±3,2%) dibandingkan spermatozoa segar (98±2%). Analisis motilitas spermatozoa menunjukkan penurunan motilitas spermatozoa pasca ekuilibrasi (79±4,5%) dan spermatozoa pasca pencairan (30±3,2%) dibandingkan spermatozoa segar (87±1,5%). Penetasan telur pasca 24 jam fertilisasi pada perlakukan spermatozoa pasca ekuilibrasi didapatkan hasil lebih tinggi (64±17%) dibandingkan spermatozoa segar (38±4%), sedangkan spermatozoa pasca pencairan tidak ditemukan ada penetasan telur. Analisis molekular spermatozoa pada gen CO1 dan SOD2 didapatkan jumlah lesi gen SOD2 spermatozoa pasca ekuilibrasi yaitu 15,83 lesi / 10 kb dan spermatozoa pasca pencairan yaitu 17,14 lesi / 10 kb. Lesi gen CO1 pada spermatozoa pasca ekuilibrasi yaitu 9,24 lesi / 10 kb dan spermatozoa pasca pencairan yaitu 10,26 lesi / 10 kb. Sehingga disimpulkan kriopreservasi spermatozoa berpengaruh terhadap ultrastruktur, fisiologi, dan molekuler spermatozoa ikan patin albino.

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Research of cryopreservation on albino Pangasius catfish spermatozoa aims to analyze about ultrastructure, physiology, and molecular spermatozoa of albino Pangasius catfish post cryopreservation. Cryopreservation was carried out at -80°C for 14 days using a combination of intracellular cryoprotectants which is 10% methanol and extracellular cryoprotectant which is skim milk. The results of the spermatozoa ultrastructure showed that the cell membrane of the spermatozoa head, the midpiece, and the flagellum of fresh spermatozoa were still intact and good. The spermatozoa ultrastructure after post equilibration, shown enlargement of the head width and length compared to the fresh spermatozoa, although structurally were still intact. The ultrastructure of frozen-thawed spermatozoa, appeared a membrane damage at the head and flagellum. The results of spermatozoa morphometric measurements showed an increase at the head width of spermatozoa from 1.59 µm in fresh spermatozoa to 1.97 µm in post-equilibration spermatozoa and 2.40 µm in frozen-thawed spermatozoa. Similarly, there was an increase in the head length of spermatozoa, from 3.70 µm in fresh spermatozoa, to 3.81 µm in post-equilibration spermatozoa, and 3.90 µm in frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The viability analysis showed a decrease of frozen-thawed spermatozoa viability (61±2.30%) compared to fresh spermatozoa (92±0.58%) and post-equilibration spermatozoa (80±3.51%). The analysis physiology of spermatozoa showed a decrease in mitochondrial function in post equilibration spermatozoa (57±7%) and frozen-thawed spermatozoa (42±3.2%) compared to fresh spermatozoa (98±2%). The analysis of motility of spermatozoa showed a decrease in post equilibration spermatozoa (79±4.5%) and frozen-thawed spermatozoa (30±3.2%) compared to fresh spermatozoa (87±1.5%). Egg hatching after 24 hours of fertilization for the post-equilibration spermatozoa was higher (64±17%) than fresh spermatozoa (38±4%), whereas frozen-thawed spermatozoa were not hatched. The analysis of molecular on CO1 and SOD2 genes obtained the number of gene lesions in the spermatozoa SOD2 gene after equilibration were 15.83 lesions/10 kb and frozen-thawed were 17.14 lesions/10 kb. The CO1 gene lesions in post-equilibration spermatozoa were 9.24 lesions/10 kb, while the CO1 gene lesions in frozen-thawed spermatozoa were 10.26 lesions/10 kb. It can be concluded that there is an effect of cryopreservation on ultrastructure, physiology, and molecular in spermatozoa of albino Pangasius catfish."

"Ekspor ikan tuna mengalami peningkatan pada periode lima tahun terakhir, sehingga proses penanganan ikan perlu mendapat perhatian serius. Dalam hal ini perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai penerapan sistem jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan tangkap Tuna (Thunnus spp.) di atas kapal dan tempat pendaratan ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan sistem jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan tangkap tuna, menganalisis mutu tuna di atas kapal sampai tempat pendaratan ikan, dan menentukan alternatif pelaksanaan jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan tangkap tuna di atas kapal dan tempat pendaratan ikan di PPN Palabuhanratu. Data diperoleh dari 19 kapal tonda dan dianalisis secara deskriptif dan dengan proses hierarki analisis (PHA). Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa penerapan sistem jaminan mutu dan keamanan hasil perikanan tangkap tuna di atas kapal dan tempat pendaratan ikan sudah cukup baik. Hal ini diketahui dari kondisi kelayakan dasar kapal tonda yang sudah cukup dekat dari standar namun masih perlu penyempurnaan (4≤ Y < 8) dan kelayakan dasar pada tempat pendaratan ikan menunjukkan kondisi yang cukup layak dengan nilai C (cukup). Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa ikan tuna hasil tangkapan menunjukkan mutu yang baik, dengan suhu rata-rata sebesar 1,52oC (dibawah 4,4oC) dan nilai organoleptik 8,67 (di atas 7). Process (AHP) from 19 Trolling Lines.

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Based on this research, it is known that the application of quality assurance and safety of tuna fisheries on the boat and the landing sites has been good enough. It is known from the basic eligibility requirements of the trolling line have been fairly close to the standard but still need improvement (4 ≤ Y < 8) and the basic eligibility requirements of the landing sites indicate a fairly decent condition with a value of C (enough). The status of tuna caught indicated that good quality with average temperature of 1.52°C (4.4°C below) and the organoleptic value of 8.67 (above 7).

From the results of AHP, it is known that the priority to perform quality assurance and safety on tuna fisheries in the trolling line is availability of ice in the boat (20,1%), deck (15,7%), fish handling equipment in the boat (13,3%), availability of fuel (11%) and availability of fresh water in the boat (7,9%). The priority to perform quality assurance and safety on tuna fisheries in the port is fish handling equipment (32,4%), availability of ice (12,9%), floor (12,4), toilet (9,4%) and fishing port (8,1%)."

"Kabupaten Pandeglang adalah salah satu pusat produksi perikanan yang merupakan penghasil ikan ekonomis tinggi terbesar di Provinsi Banten. Salah satu spesies yang dominan tertangkap adalah jenis ikan kembung Rastrelliger spp . Produksi ikan kembung di Kabupaten Pandeglang mengalami fluktuasi diakibatkan kondisi daerah penangkapan ikan yang selalu berubah-ubah terkait kesuburan perairan. Kurangnya informasi kepada nelayan terkait daerah penangkapan ikan menyebabkan hasil tangkapan yang tidak menentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk, mencari korelasi antara suhu permukaan laut SPL dan densitas klorofil-a serta mencari korelasi antara SPL, klorofil-a dan hasil tangkapan ikan kembung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey dengan mengumpulkan data primer berupa data tangkapan dan posisi penangkapan di 50 titik lokasi daerah penangkapan ikan, serta data skunder berupa SPL dan Klorofil-a selama tahun 2015-2017 yang diambil dari citra satelit AQUA-MODIS level 3 dengan resolusi 4 Km. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan SPL tidak terlalu berpengaruh terhadap densitas klorofil-a perairan yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien determinasi R2 sebesar 0.003 yang berarti hanya sebesar 0.3 variable klorofil-a dipengaruhi oleh SPL. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa bahwa SPL dan Klorofil-a sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil tangkapan, yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai determinasi R2 sebesar 0.32 yang berarti variable independent mempengaruhi sebesar 32 terhadap hasil tangkapan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi berganda di dapat persamaan ? = 1.834 9.850X1 0.264X2 dimana di dapatkan selisih rata-rata hasil tangkapan ikan kembung bertambah sebesar 9.8 Kg apabila terjadi penambahan densitas klorofil-a sebesar 1 mg/m3, dengan nilai variable lainnya tetap dan selisih rata-rata hasil tangkapan kembung bertambah sebesar 0.26 Kg apabila terjadi penambahan SPL sebesar 1°C.

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Pandeglang Regency is the largest producer of high economic value of fish in Banten Province. One of the dominant species caught is mackerel Rastrelliger spp . Production of mackerel in Pandeglang Regency fluctuated due to the condition of fishing ground that are always changing related to water 39 s fertility. Lack of information associated with fishing areas to fisherman leads to erratic catches.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between Sea Surface Temperature SST and chlorophyill a density, also the correlation between SST, chlorophyll a and the mackerel 39 s catch. The method used in this research is survey method by means of collecting primary data of fifty 50 coordinates location of mackerel 39 s fishing ground.Secondary data of SST and chlorophyll a density during 2015 2017 were taken from AQUA MODIS satellite image level 3 with 4 Km resolution.

The results of this study showed that SST did not significantly affect the density of chlorophyll a, it is shown by the coefficient of determination R2 0.003, which means only 0.3 of the chlorophyll a variables is influenced by SST. The results also showed that SST and chlorophyll a greatly influence the catch, which was indicated by the determination value R2 0.32, which means the independent variable affects 32 of the catch variable.

Based on multiple regression analysis the equation obtained was 1.834 9.850X1 0.264X2 where there were difference of mackerel 39 s catch average. The catch increased by 9.8 kg with increasing of chlorophyll a by 1 mg m3 while other variables were constant. Secondly, average on mackerel 39 s catch increased by 0.26 Kg when temperature increased by 1°C."

"Upaya yang dapat mencegah karies adalah dengan aplikasi bahan remineralisasi berupa topical fluoride yang dicampur dengan ekstrak daun ruku-ruku, dan daun sirih merah. Penggunaannya dapat meningkatkan kekerasan permukaan gigi dan menghambat bakteri penyebab karies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh peningkatan kekerasan email setelah pengaplikasin fluoride varnish eksperimental modifikasi daun ruku-ruku dan daun sirih merah. Spesimen gigi dibuat sebanyak 24 buah dan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok FV + daun ruku-ruku, FV + daun sirih merah, MI Varnish® Fresh Mint (GC, USA), dan kontrol, dilakukan tes kekerasan awal. Kemudian dilakukan perlakuan demineralisasi dengan perendaman saliva buatan (pH 4,5) selama 30 menit , sedangkan untuk fase remineralisasi dilakukan masing-masing kelompok dan perendaman dalam saliva buatan (pH 7) selama 6 jam, dan diletakkan pada suhu 370C. Setelah itu, setiap spesimen diukur kembali kekerasannya dengan alat Microhardness Tester (Shimadzu HMV-G21DT, Jepang), setiap fase demineralisasi dan remineralisasi. Hasil dari uji kekerasan didapatkan terdapat peningkatan yang tidak jauh berbeda dari masing-masing kelompok dengan peningkatan tertinggi pada gigi yang diberi dengan FV+ daun Ruku-ruku, kecuali pada kelompok kontrol yang tidak mengalami peningkatan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa FV + Daun Ruku-ruku dan dan FV + Daun Sirih Merah dapat meningkatkan kekerasan permukaan email seperti MI Varnish komersial

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Efforts that can be made to prevent caries are the application of remineralization materials in the form of topical fluoride mixed with ruku-ruku leaves extract and red betel leaves. Its use can increase the hardness of the tooth surface and inhibit caries-causing bacteria. This study aims to determine the effect of increasing enamel hardness after the application of experimental fluoride varnish with modified ruku-ruku leaves and red betel leaves. 24 dental specimens were made and divided into 4 groups, namely the FV group + ruku-ruku leaves, FV + red betel leaves, MI Varnish® Fresh Mint (GC, USA), and control, All specimens were tested for initial hardness, and hardness after demineralization treatment by immersing in artificial saliva (pH 4.5) for 30 minutes at 370C. Furthermore, after application with FV + ruku-ruku leaves, FV + red betel leaves, and MI Varnish® Fresh Mint (GC, USA), the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva (pH 7) for 6 hours, 370C and then the final hardness measurement was taken. The test results showed no significant differences between the initial hardness, after demineralization, and after remineralization of the four groups. However, The teeth group that experienced highest increase in surface hardness were teeth treated with experimental fluoride varnish mixed with ruku-ruku leaves extract. It can be concluded that FV + Ruku-ruku leaves and and FV + Red Betel leaves can increase the surface hardness of the enamel like commercial MI Varnish"