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"Penggunaan berbagai pelarut organik volatil di labotatorium pengujian menimbulkan risiko terhadap dampak kesehatan baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan kajian risiko kesehatan. Chemical Health Risk assessment (CHRA) atau kajian risiko kesehatan yang dikembangkan oleh Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), Ministry of Human Resources, Malaysia (2018) digunakan dalam studi ini untuk menilai risiko kesehatan akibat pajanan inhalasi dan dermal dari 3 (tiga) pelarut organik volatil yaitu chloroform, dichlorometane, dan tetrachloroethylee. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 3 (tiga) karyawan laboratorium PT X yang bekerja di 3 (tiga) lokasi ruangan yang berbeda. Penilaian tingkat risiko atau risk rating (RR) pajanan bahan kimia melalui inhalasi dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitaif, sedangkan pajanan melalui dermal dinilai secara kualitatif saja. Diperoleh bahwa hasil penilain tingkat risiko pajanan bahan kimiakimia melalui inhalasi secara kualitatif adalah chloroform (RR=16) dengan tingkat risiko tinggi, dichlorometane (RR=15) dengan tingkat risiko menengah, dan tetrachloroethylene (RR=12) dengan tingkat risiko menengah Hasil penilaian tingkat risiko pajanan bahan kimia melalui inhalasi secara kuantitaif adalah chloroform (TWA pengukuran = 18,460 ppm) dengan tingkat risiko tinggi (RR=20), dichlorometane (TWA pengukuran = 0,362 ppm) dengan tingkat risiko rendah (RR=3), dan tetrachloroethylene (TWA pengukuran = 0,560) dengan tingkat risiko rendah (RR=3). Hasil penilaian tingkat risiko pajanan bahan kimia melalui dermal secara kualitatif dengan luas area kontak kecil dan durasi panjang adalah chloroform (M2) dengan tingkat risiko menengah, dichlorometane (M2) dengan tingkat risiko menengah dan tetrachloroethylene (M2) dengan tingkat risiko menengah. Pengendalian untuk menurunkan risiko pajanan chloroform melalui inhalasi (AP-3) direkomendasikan dalam penelitian ini.

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The use of various organic solvents in the laboratory test the risks to health risks in both the short and long term. Therefore a health risk assessment is needed. The Chemical Health Risk Assessment (CHRA) or health risk assessment developed by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH), Ministry of Human Resources, Malaysia (2018) was used in this study to estimate health risks due to inhalation and dermal exposure of 3 (three ) volatile organic solvents namely chloroform, dichloromethane and tetrachloroethylee. The study was conducted on 3 (three) PT X laboratory employees who worked in 3 (three) different room locations. Assessment of the level of risk or risk rating (RR) exposure chemicals through inhalation is carried out qualitatively and quantitatively, while exposure through dermal through qualitative publications. Obtained from the results of the qualitative assessment of the risk of exposure to chemicals through inhalation were chloroform (RR = 16) with high risk levels, dichloromethane (RR = 15) with the level of moderate risk, and tetrachlorethylene (RR = 12) with a high risk of exposure risk chemicals through determination of chloroform levels (TWA = 18,460 ppm) with high risk levels (RR = 20), dichloromethane (measurement TWA = 0.362 ppm) with low risk levels (RR = 3), and tetrachlorethylene (TWA. = 0.560) with levels low risk (RR = 3). The qualitative progress of the level of exposure to chemicals through the skin with a large area of small contact and long duration is chloroform (M2) with an inflation rate, dichloromethane (M2) with a high risk level and tetrachlorethylene (M2) with a medium risk level. Control to reduce the risk of exposure to chloroform through inhalation (AP-3) was approved in this study."

"Analisis senyawa organik di laboratorium umumnya menggunakan pelarut organik untuk keperluan ekstraksi dan destilasi. Pelarut organik yang banyak digunakan adalah diklormetan dan n-heksan. Penggunaan diklormetan dan nheksan berisiko terhadap kesehatan pekerja laboratorium. Diklormetan adalah senyawa karsinogenik kategori 2 B menurut IARC, sedangkan pajanan heksan berisiko terhadap kerusakan sistem syaraf.Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui sebaran konsentrasi diklormetan dan n-heksan di ruangan laboratorium, profil pajanan dan pengendalian yang sudah dilakukan dan risiko pajanan berdasarkan konsentrasi diklormetan dan n-heksan pada pengambilan sampel perseorangan, durasi pajanan dan hazard rating.Hasil analisis konsentrasi diklormetan dan nheksan di seluruh ruangan laboratorium masih di bawah nilai rekomendasi treshold limit value dari American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist. Sistem pengendalian pajanan secara administratif dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri sebagai pencegahan pajanan diklormetan dan n-heksan di laboratorium sudah memadai, namun diperlukan perbaikan untuk kondisi ventilasi di laboratorium sebagai bagian dari pengendalian teknis.Hasil analisis risiko kesehatan menggunakan sistem risk rating adalah teknisi laboratorium 1, operator GC ECD dan asisten laboratorium memiliki risiko kesehatan medium sedangkan operator GC MS dan Teknisi laboratorium 2 memiliki risiko kesehatan rendah terhadap pajanan n-heksan. Teknisi laboratorium 1, teknisi laboratorium 2 ,operator GC MS dan asisten laboratorium memiliki risiko kesehatan medium sedangkan operator GC ECD memiliki risiko kesehatan rendah terhadap pajanan diklormetan.

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Generally organic coumpound analysis in laboratory need organic solvent for extraction and distilation purpose. Dichlormethane and n-hexane are a common organic solvent for laboratory analysis. The use of dichlormethane and n-hexane in laboratory have a high risk for employees health. Diclormethane is classify as 2 B group of carcinogenic material of IARC, while n-hexane could chronically cause a nervous system damage.The purposes of this research are to determine the concentration of dichlormethane and n-hexane in workplace, the exposure and exist control profile in laboratory and to do chemical exposure risk assessment according to dichlormethane and n-hexane analysis from employees personal sampling, duration of exposure and hazard rating.The result of dichlormethane and n-hexane analysis in workplace are still below the value of treshold limit value of american conference of governmental industrial hygienist. Laboratory has a good administratif control and PPE control to prevent the exposure of dichlormethane and n-hexane but the enginering control need improvement for ventilation system.The result of n-heksan exposure health risk assessment using risk rating system are laboratory technician 1, GC ECD operator, and laboratory assistance were categorized as medium risk, while GC MS operator and laboratory technician 2 were categorized as low risk. The result of diklormetan health risk assesment were laboratory technician 1, laboratory technician 2, GC MS operator and laboratory assistance are categorized as medium risk, while GC ECD operator was categorized low risk."

"ABSTRAKPenggunaan bahan kimia berbahaya di laboratorium pengujian kimia seperti Laboratorium X terkadang tak terhindarkan. Sementara itu, penelitian sebelumnya menyimpulkan bahwa pekerja laboratorium yang telah bekerja lebih dari 20 tahun memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terkena kanker payudara, kanker ovarium, leukemia, melanoma, kanker prostat, dan kanker tiroid dibandingkan jenis pekerja lain di laboratorium. Oleh karena itu, penilaian risiko kesehatan dari penggunaan bahan kimia berbahaya sangat penting dilakukan di Laboratorium X untuk memastikan kesehatan pekerja laboratorium di masa depan. Tujuan dari penilaian ini untuk mengevaluasi risiko yang timbul dari aktivitas di laboratorium dan untuk mengevaluasi tindakan pengendaliannya. Penilaian risiko kualitatif ini telah dilakukan di Laboratorium X yang diklasifikasikan sebagai berbahaya menurut lembar data keselamatannya dan telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat yang dikembangkan oleh Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaaan, Kementerian Sumber Manusia, Malaysia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat bahaya yang terdapat pada Laboratorium X sangat bervariasi sebagian besar bahaya yang ada pada bahan kimia yaitu bersifat iritan. Hasil evaluasi risiko menunjukkan bahwa pekerja laboratorium memiliki risiko kesehatan yang signifikan dari bahan kimia berbahaya yang digunakan baik pada pajanan inhalasi dan dermal juga langkah-langkah pengendaliannya yang diterapkan untuk mengontrol pajanan bahan kimia di laboratorium dapat ditingkatkan dan beberapa di antaranya sudah memadai.

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ABSTRACTThe use of hazardous chemicals in a chemical testing laboratory such as Laboratory X sometimes inevitable. Meanwhile, previous research concluded that laboratory workers who have worked more than 20 years have a higher risk of developing breast cancer, ovarian cancer, leukemia, melanoma, prostate cancer, and thyroid cancer than other types of workers in the laboratory. Therefore, a health risk assessment from using hazardous chemicals is very important to be done in Laboratory X to ensure the health of laboratory workers in the future. The purpose of the assessment is to evaluate of risk arise from activity in the laboratory and to evaluate its control measures. This qualitative risk assessment has been conducted in Laboratory X that uses chemicals that are classified as hazardous according to its safety data sheets and has been done using the tool developed by the Department of Safety and Health, Ministry of Human Resources, Malaysia. The results show that the hazard levels found in Laboratory X vary greatly in the majority of the hazards present in chemicals which are irritants. From the risk evaluation results show that laboratory workers have significant health risks from hazardous chemicals used both in inhalation and dermal exposures also the control measures applied to control exposure to chemicals in the laboratory can be increased and some of them are adequate."

"Laboratorium merupakan tempat kerja dengan potensi bahaya tinggi. Pekerja laboratorium dapat terpapar berbagai potensi bahaya faktor kimia berupa gas, uap, padatan dan cairan berbahaya, dan faktor bahaya lainnya seperti fisika, biologi, ergonomi dan psikologi. Kegiatan inti laboratorium terdiri dari pengujian, pengambilan contoh uji dan kalibrasi alat. PT X merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang jasa pengujian laboratorium lingkungan. PT X telah menerapkan identifikasi bahaya keselamatan kerja pada kegiatan intinya, namun belum mencakup bahaya terkait kesehatan. Terdapat 4 jenis Similar Group Exposure di PT X, yaitu Analis Laboratorium Kimia, Analis Laboratorium Mikrobiologi, Petugas Pengambil Contoh dan Petugas Administrasi. Identifikasi bahaya dan penilaian risiko terkait kesehatan dari stresor lingkungan kerja di Laboratorium Lingkungan PT X perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat risiko agar dapat dikendalikan dengan tujuan pencegahan timbulnya penyakit akibat kerja. Hasil penilaian risiko pada keempat SEG tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat berbagai aktivitas yang memiliki potensi bahaya fisika, kimia, biologi dan ergonomi dengan tingkat risiko tinggi, sedang dan juga rendah. PT X perlu segera melakukan tindakan pengendalian tambahan pada aktivitas dengan risiko tinggi, dan mempertimbangkan pengendalian tambahan pada aktivitas dengan risiko sedang. Pemantauan berkala juga diperlukan pada aktivitas dengan risiko rendah untuk memastikan kondisi tempat kerja aman dan sehat bagi pekerja.

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Laboratory is a workplace with high hazard potential. Laboratory workers can be exposed to various potential hazards of chemical factors such as dangerous gases, vapours, solids and liquids, and other hazardous factors such as physics, biology, ergonomics, and psychology. The core activities of the laboratory consist of testing, sampling, and calibration. PT X is an environmental laboratory testing service. PT X has implemented safety hazard identification in its core activities but has not yet included health-related hazards. There are 4 types of Similar Group Exposure at PT X, namely Chemical Laboratory Analysts, Microbiology Laboratory Analysts, Sampling Officers, and Administrative Officers. Hazard identification and risk assessment related to health from work environment stressors at the PT X Environmental Laboratory need to be carried out to determine the level of risk so that it can be controlled with the aim of preventing work-related diseases. The results of the risk assessment at the four SEGs show that there are various activities that have the potential for physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic hazards with high, medium, and low levels of risk. PT X needs to immediately take additional control on high-risk activities and consider additional controls on moderate-risk activities. Periodic monitoring is also required for low-risk activities to ensure safe and healthy workplace conditions for workers."

"Pelaksanaan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja di laboratorium terutama di bagian Mikrobiologi merupakan hal penting yang harus dijalankan, dimana laboratorium di bagian Mikrobiologi merupakan salah satu tempat kerja yang mengandung bahaya kesehatan mudah terjangkit penyakit, risiko kecelakaan kerja dan penyakit akibat kerja. Tujuanya adalah diketahuinya tingkat risiko K3 pada aktivitas pemeriksaan sampel yang rutin dilakukan seperti pemeriksaan kultur darah, sputum dan memberikan rekomendasi. Tahapan manajement risiko dilakukan berdasarkan pendekatan manajemen risiko AS/NZS 4360:2004, metode identifikasi hazard yang digunakan adalah Generic Model dan untuk penentuan level risiko metode analisa risiko semikuantitatif mengunakan nilai berupa skor berdasarkan W.T. Fine dalam Cross Jean, 1998. Existing risk (dengan memperhitungkan pengendalian yang telah ada) pada aktivitas pemeriksaan kultur darah dan sputum dikelompokan menurut tahapan kerja dan dilakukan skoring berdasarkan Fine untuk menentukan level risikonya, didapatkan level risiko Besar sebanyak 13, level risiko Prioritas 3 sebanyak 17, dan level risiko Diterima sebanyak 6. Untuk mengurangi risiko K3 pada petugas analis kesehatan di bagian Mikrobiologi dilakukan engineering control, administrative control, dan alat pelindung diri (APD).

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Implementation of Occupational Health and Safety in the Microbiology laboratory is especially important to be performed, where the Microbiology laboratory isone of workplace helath hazards easily contract the disease, the risk of occupational accidents and occupational diseases. The aim is to know the level of risk k3 activity routine sample check such as checking blood culture, sputum and provide recommendations. Stages of Management of risk approach to risk management i based on AS/NZS 4360:2004, hazard identification methods used are Generic Model for determinaation of the level of risk and risk analysis methods semiquantitatively using a score based on the value in WT Fine in Jean Cross, 1998. Existing risk (taking into account existing controls) on the activityof blood and sputum culture examination are grouped according to the stages of labor and scoring done by Fine to determine the level of risk, Great risk levels obtained were 13, the risk level Priority 3 as many as 17, and as Acceptable risk levels 6. To reduce the risk of K3 on workers health analyst at the Microbiology conducted engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE)."

"Tesis ini membahas mengenai penilaian risiko kesehatan berdasarkan task analysis padaaktivitas well services industri pengeboran minyak bumi di PT X Tahun 2019. Penelitianini adalah penelitian semikuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif berdasarkan HRA modelPT Pertamina (2018) berdasarkan factor tingkat pajanan dan tingkat. Langkah awal yangdilakukan adalah dengan mengidentifikasi aktivitas well services berdasarkan task yangada pada SOP dan JSA, walkthrough survey dan menilai risiko. Berdasarkan penilaianrisiko kesehatan didapatkan tingkat risiko tinggi (high) untuk bahaya bising terhadap SEGfloorman, driller, derrickman, dan mechanic dan bahaya ergonomi terhadap SEGfloorman, driller, derrickman, dan operator dozer. PT AB dan PT CD perlu melakukanpengendalian tambahan terhadap bahaya bising dan bahaya ergonomi antara lain:Hearing Loss Prevention Program (HLPP), audit terhadap SOP & peralatan, melakukanpengukuran dosis personal bahaya bising, pembatasan jam kerja, pengukuran audiometri,melakukan supervisi dilapangan terhadap pengunaan earplug, pengunaan double earplug& earmuff, melakukan sosialisasi bahaya bising secara konsisten, menyediakan perancah(scafolding) pada aktivitas nipple up & nipple down horse head, melakukan pelatihanposisi tubuh yang ergonomi serta menambahkan Ergonomic Postur Assessment sebagaisalah satu item dalam pemeriksaan kesehatan berkala. Bahaya gas H2S terhadap SEGfloorman, driller dan derrickman dan bahaya gas CO terhadap SEG mechanicmendapatkan tingkat risiko medium, sehingga perlu dilakukan pemantauan implementasipengendalian yang sudah ada serta pengendalian tambahan secara konsisten. Selanjutnyabahaya getaran mendapatkan tingkat risiko low terhadap SEG mechanic dan bahaya gasO2 terhadap SEG floorman, driller, derrickman, mechanic dan operator Dozermendapatkan tingkat risiko very low, oleh karena itu PT AB dan PT CD melalui HESdepartemen perlu melakukan monitoring secara berkala dan konsisten terhadapimpelementasi pengendalian yang sudah ada. Selain itu hasil penelitian ini jugamenyarankan bahwa identifikasi potensi bahaya lainnya seperti pencahayan, radiasigamma, heat stress, welding fume, bahaya biologi dan bahaya psikososial pada pekerjaanwell services berdasarkan task analysis.

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This thesis discusses the health risk assessment based on task analysis on the well services

activities of the petroleum drilling industry at PT X 2019. This research is a

semiquantitative study with a descriptive design based on the HRA model of PT

Pertamina (2018) bases factor exposure level and hazard level. The first step is to identify

performed the task well services based on SOP and JSA, walkthrough survey and risk

assessment. Based on the health risk assessment, there is a high risk level for noise

hazards to similar exposure group (SEG) floorman, driller, derrickman, and mechanic

and ergonomic hazards to floorman, driller, derrickman, and dozer operators. PT AB

and PT CD need to conduct additional controls for noise hazards and ergonomic hazards,

including: Hearing Loss Prevention Program, auditing SOPs & equipment, measuring

personal dose of noise hazards, limiting working hours, audiometric measurements,

conducting field supervision of the use of earplugs, using double earplugs and earmuffs,

disseminating noise hazards consistently, providing scaffolding for Nipple Up and Nipple

Down Horse Head activities, conducting ergonomic body position training, and adding

Ergonomic Posture Assessment as an item in periodic health checks. The hazard of H2S

gas to the SEG floorman, driller and derrickman and the danger of CO gas to the SEG

mechanic has a medium level of risk, it is necessary to monitor the implementation of

existing controls as well as additional controls consistently. Furthermore, the vibration

hazard gets a low risk level for the SEG mechanic and the danger of O2 gas against the

SEG floorman, driller, derrickman, mechanic and Dozer operators get a very low risk

level, therefore PT AB and PT CD through the HES department need to monitor regularly

and consistently the implementation of existing controls. In addition, the results of this

study also suggest that the identification of other potential hazards such as lighting,

gamma radiation, heat stress, welding fume, biological hazards and psychosocial

hazards in well-service work based on task analysis"

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Unit Gawat Darurat pada RS X berfungsi untuk melayani pemeriksaan selama 24 jam yang diklasifikasikan sebagai zona kuning (infeksius) dan merah (berisiko terjadi kebakaran dan ledakan). Pada unit tersebut, tenaga kesehatan terpajan oleh berbagai bahaya. Skripsi ini menilai risiko keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja di Unit Gawat Darurat Rumah Sakit X Tahun 2019. Identifikasi bahaya menggunakan Job Safety Analysis (JSA) dan analisis risiko menggunakan standar semikuantitatif W.T Fine, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pendekatan observasi langsung dan wawancara kepada tenaga kesehatan terkait. Penilaian risiko dilakukan dengan menghitung risiko residual dan risiko prediktif sehingga diketahui tingkat risiko pada setiap penilaian tersebut dengan mempertimbangkan pengendalian yang sudah ada selanjutnya diberikan rekomendasi pengendalian. Hasil telitian mendapatkan 60 tugas kerja memiliki bahaya fisik, kimia, biologi, ergonomi, dan psikososial dengan jumlah risiko sebanyak 175 risiko. Nilai risiko residual kategori very high, priority 1, substantial, priority 3, dan acceptable masing-masing sebanyak 1, 6, 33, 80, dan 55. Hasil juga menunjukkan perlu adanya perhatian lebih pada bahaya ergonomi karena masih didapatkan tingkat risiko very high dan priority 1.

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Hospital X emergency unit functions to serve 24 hour check up that is classified as yellow zone (infectious) and red zone (probable risk of fire and explosion). In that unit, health workers are exposed to varieties of hazards. This thesis evaluates occupational safety and health risk assessment of Hospital X emergency unit in 2019. Risk identification was conducted using Job Safety Analysis (JSA) and risk analysis using W.T Fine semi-quantitative standard. The data was collected through direct observation and interview to the health workers. The assessment of risk is conducted by counting residual and predicted risks so that the risk level of every evaluation is known as referring to the already existing and recommended control and then to be given recomendation control. The results identified that 60 job duties have physical, chemical, biological, ergonomical, and psychosocial risks with 175 risks in total. Residual risk assessment includes categories of very high, priority 1, substantial, priority 3, and acceptable, each as many as 1, 6, 33, 81, and 56 respectively. The results also show the need of extra attention in the area of ergonomic risk as very high and priority 1 risks are still found in this area.

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"Bahan kimia meliputi bermacam – macam bahan organik dan non organik yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan dalam waktu pendek maupun panjang. Salah satu bidang pekerjaan yang industri yang menggunakan bahan kimia dalam operasionalnya adalah laboratorium. Semakin meningkatnya jumlah sampel uji akan meningkatkan pajanan pajanan bahan kimia yang akan berdampak pada kesehatan pekerja. Tujuan dari penilitian ini adalah melakukan penilaian risiko kesehatan bahan kimia pada pajanan inhalasi dan dermal di Laboratorium Petroleum X Jakarta Timur tahun 2023. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Juni 2023 dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif mengacu pada Manual of Recommended Practice on the Assessment of The Health Risks Arising from the Use of Chemicals Hazardous to Health at the Workplace 3rd Edition dari Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Human Resources, Malaysia. Hasil penilaian risiko kesehatan rute pajanan inhalasi untuk bahan kimia dari seluruh tahap pengujian bervariasi dari rendah, sedang dan tinggi. Namun di dominasi oleh risiko sedang. Sementara, hasil penilaian risiko kesehatan rute pajanan dermal untuk seluruh bahan kimia dari seluruh tahap pengujian didominasi dengan risiko tinggi. Perlu dilakukannya pemantauan terhadap pengendalian yangs udah ada dan pengendalian tambahan berdasarkan hierarki pengendalian untuk bahan kimia dengan risiko tinggi dan kecukupan pengendalian yang belum memadai

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Chemicals are a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds that might have a short or long term impact on health. The laboratory is an industrial work sector that utilises chemicals in its activities. The increased quantity of test samples will increase workers' exposure to chemical compounds, which will have an effect on their health. The goal of this research was to assess the health hazards of chemicals through inhalation and skin exposure at the X Petroleum Laboratory East Jakarta in 2023. This study was carried out from April to June 2023 utilizing a qualitative method using the Manual of Recommended Practice on the Assessment of Health Risks Arising from the Use of Hazardous to Health Chemicals in the Workplace, 3rdEdition from Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Human Resources, Malaysia. The health risk assessment scores for compounds via the inhalation route ranged from low to high across all levels of testing. However, Mod risk dominates. Meanwhile, high hazards dominated the results of the dermal exposure route health risk assessment for all compounds from all phases of testing. For high-risk chemicals and insufficient control adequacy, it is required to monitor current controls and implement new controls based on the control hierarchy."

"Pelarut organik umumnya digunakan oleh laboratorium kimia untuk keperluan analisis sampel dan merupakan salah satu bahaya kimia yang potensial yang dapat memajani pekerja di laboratorium itu. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan penilaian risiko terhadap uap pelarut organik di suatu laboratorium pelumas berupa toluena, xilena, heksana, dan klorobenzen. Penilaian risiko masing – masing uap plearut tersebut diakukan berdasarkan penilaian tingkat bahaya, tingkat pajanan, dan tingkat risiko beserta kondisi pengendalian yang telah ada sehingga dapat diketahui karakterisasi risikonya. Salah satu langkah untuk mendapatkan data – data tersebut adalah dengan mengetahui besaran pajanan uap pelarut organik terhadap sample pekerja. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi uap pelarut toluena, xilena, heksana, dan klorobenzena yang memajani sampel pekerja masih berada dibawah nilai ambang batas yang direkomendasikan oleh American Confrence of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH). Karakteristik risiko pajanan uap pelarut organik toluena dan heksana terhadap seluruh sampel pekerja laboratorium pelumas PT. PS adalah C3; Karakteristik risiko pajanan uap pelarut organik xilena terhadap analis sedimen, analis visco, dan helper laboratorium pelumas PT. PS adalah C3, sedangkan terhadap analis destilasi, flash point, FTIR, PQ Index, TAN, TBN, interpreter, reporting 1 dan reporting 2 berada pada risiko C1; Karakteristik risiko pajanan uap pelarut organik klorobenzena terhadap analis TBN, dan helper laboratorium pelumas PT. PS adalah C3, sedangkan analis destilasi, flash point, FTIR, PQ Index, TAN, visco, interpreter, reporting 1 dan reporting 2 berada pada risiko C1

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Generally Organic solvent is used by chemical laboratory for sample analysis needed and it is become one of potential chemical hazardous that can expose to laboratory worker. This research is doing risk assessment of organic vapor at lubricant laboratory, ie toluene, xilene, hexane, and chlorobenzene. Risk assessment of those organic vapors is based on hazard rating, exposure rating, risk rating, and observation about mitigation in order to know its risk characterization. One of the steps to know the exposure rating data is knowing magnitude rating of organic vapor which is expose to laboratory worker. The result shows that concentration of toluene, xilene, hexane, and chlorobenzene is still below threshold limit value recommended American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH). Risk characrterization of toluene and hexane exposure to laboratory worker is C3; Risk characrterization of xylene exposure to sediment and visco analyst also helper is C3 while to destilation, flash point, FTIR, PQ Index, TAN, TBN analyst, interpreter, reporting 1 and reporting 2 is C1; Risk characrterization of chlorobenzene exposure to TBN analyst and helper is C3 while to destilation, flash point, FTIR, PQ Index, TAN, sedimen, visco analyst, interpreter, reporting 1 and reporting 2 is C1"

"Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) pembuatan alas kaki berperan penting dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja di Indonesia, namun sayangnya peran UMKM tersebut masih belum diimbangi dengan perlindungan Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) kepada para pekerjanya. Setiap hari para pekerja di UMKM pembuatan alas kaki terpajan dengan berbagai bahan kimia baik melalui inhalasi maupun dermal yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan pernapasan, iritasi mata dan kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis risiko kesehatan terkait penggunaan bahan kimia pada pekerja di UMKM pembuatan alas kaki di Ciomas Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini dilakukan di tiga UMKM pembuatan alas kaki di Ciomas – Bogor dengan menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dan menggunakan metode Chemical Hazard Risk Assessment dari Department of Safety and Health Malaysia Tahun 2018. Bahan kimia yang dianalisis dibatasi hanya untuk benzene dan toluene. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mix-method, di mana tahap rekognisi bahaya dan evaluasi pajanan melalui dermal dilakukan dilakukan secara kualitatif, sementara evaluasi pajanan melalui inhalasi dilakukan secara kuantitatif berdasarkan pengukuran personal air sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa level risiko bahan kimia melalui pajanan inhalasi termasuk kedalam level risiko moderat dan tinggi, di mana pajanan inhalasi yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan efek karsinogenik. Sementara melalui pajanan dermal masuk kedalam level risiko moderat, dengan efek kesehatan yang dapat terjadi yaitu, iritasi kulit dan mata. Tingginya pajanan yang diterima pekerja di UMKM alas kaki diperburuk dengan minimnya pengendalian yang dilakukan UMKM terhadap pajanan bahan kimia.

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Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSME’s) in footwear manufacturing sector contribute to provide jobs in Indonesia, but the role is still not balanced with the protection of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) for workers. Workers are daily exposed to extensive range of potential chemical occupational hazards either through inhalation or dermal which may lead to respiratory problem, eye and skin irritation. The research aimed to analyze health risks related to the use of chemicals among workers in MSME’s in footwear manufacturing. This research was conducted in three MSME’s in Ciomas - Bogor using cross sectional design and the Chemical Health Risk Assessment method by the Department of Safety and Health Malaysia Year 2018. The chemicals analyzed were limited to benzene and toluene. The data collection technique was carried out using mixmethod: qualitative method for hazard recognition and evaluation of exposure through dermal; and quantitative method for evaluation of exposure through inhalation, based on measurement of personal air sampling. The results showed that the level of risk of chemicals through inhalation exposure is included to the level of moderate and high risk, where high exposure can cause carcinogenic effects. While through dermal exposure is included to the level of moderate risk, with health effects that can occur, namely, skin and eye irritation. The high exposure received by workers in MSME footwear is exacerbated by the lack of control by MSMEs on exposure to chemicals."