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Latar Belakang: FOXO3a (Forkhead Box O3a) merupakan faktor transkripsi yang berpotensi melindungi sel dari stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif tersebut merupakan salah satu faktor yang memicu proses penuaan. Sampai saat ini belum diketahui bagaimana ekspresi FOXO3a pada populasi wanita lanjut usia yang diduga sebagai molekul anti penuaan dan berperan dalam regulasi stress oksidatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola ekspresi mRNA Forkhead Box O3a leukosit, kadar MDA dan aktivitas katalase plasma pada wanita lanjut usia.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional pada 60 subjek wanita lanjut usia (lansia) yang dikelompokkan menjadi 60-70 tahun dan >70 tahun. Isolasi RNA dilakukan pada sampel sel leukosit, kemudian ekspresi relatif mRNA FOXO3a dilakukan dengan menggunakan quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Kadar MDA plasma dan aktifitas spesifik katalase diukur dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri.

Hasil: Ekspresi relatif mRNA FOXO3a pada sel lekosit lebih rendah bermakna pada kelompok umur wanita lansia yang lebih tua (> 70tahun), sedangkan kadar MDA dan aktivitas sepesifik katalase plasma ditemukan meningkat pada kelompok wanita lansia yang lebih tua. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara ekspresi mRNA FOXO3a baik dengan kadar MDA (p= 0,225) maupun dengan aktifitas spesifik enzim katalase (p =0,462).

Kesimpulan: ekspresi mRNA FOXO3a menurun seiring dengan peningkatan usia, namun aktifitas spesifik katalase meningkat seiring bertambahnya usia. Kadar MDA tidak meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya usia pada wanita lanjuat usia.

 

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Background: FOXO3a (Forkhead Box O3a) is a transcription factor that has the potential to protect cells from oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is one of the factors that trigger the aging process. Until now it has not been known how FOXO3a expression in the elderly female population is thought to be an anti-aging molecule and plays a role in oxidative stress regulation. The purpose of this study was to analyze Pattern of leucocytes Forkhead Box O3a  mRNA expression, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and  activity of catalase  in elderly women 

Methods: This study was a cross sectional study in 60 elderly female subjects. RNA isolation was performed on leukocyte cell samples, then the relative expression of FOXO3a mRNA was carried out using quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Plasma MDA level and catalase specific activity was measured by spectrophotometer.

Results: The relative expression of FOXO3a mRNA in leukocyte cells was significantly lower in older age groups of older women (> 70 years), whereas MDA levels and specific plasma catalase activity were found to be increased in older groups of older women. There is no significant relationship between FOXO3a mRNA expression with MDA levels (p = 0.225) or with catalase enzyme specific activity (p = 0.462)

Conclusions: mRNA FOXO3a decreased with age, however catalase specific activity increased with age. There was no difference in MDA level with increased age in elderly women.

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"ABSTRAKLatar belakang: Kerusakan oksidatif berperan dalam proses penuaan dan juga beberapa penyakit degeneratif. Menjaga status antioksidan tubuh merupakan hal penting dalam mencegah terjadinya kerusakan oksidatif. Selenium adalah mineral yang penting mengingat perannya dalam pembentukan enzim antioksidan (selenoprotein), salah satunya glutation peroksidase untuk perlindungan terhadap radikal bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari hubungan antara asupan selenium dan aktivitas glutation peroksidase dengan karbonil plasma pada usia lanjut. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian potong lintang ini dilakukan di 5 Posbindu di Jakarta Selatan. Dilakukan wawancara untuk mengetahui identitas dan riwayat penyakit kronis. Data aktivitas fisik didapat melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). Indeks massa tubuh diperoleh dari hasil pemeriksaan antropometri berupa berat badan dan tinggi badan dari konversi tinggi lutut. Data asupan makan subjek diperoleh dari wawancara food recall 24 jam pada satu hari kerja dan satu hari libur serta Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Pemeriksaan laboratorium dilakukan di laboratorium biokimia FKUI untuk mengetahui aktivitas glutation peroksidase, dan karbonil plasma. Hasil: Sebanyak 94 usia lanjut dengan rerata usia 70,34 ± 6,079 tahun mengikuti penelitian ini. Sebanyak 40% subjek mempunyai status gizi normal dengan 69,1% subjek memiliki riwayat penyakit kronis. Sebanyak 75,5% subjek pada penelitian ini belum mencukupi kebutuhan asupan selenium yang direkomendasikan Rerata kadar karbonil plasma 5,83 ± 1,95 nmol/ml dan 69,1% subjek mempunyai aktivitas glutation peroksidase yang rendah.. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan tidak terdapat korelasi antara asupan selenium dengan aktivitas glutation peroksidase. Pada analisis multivariat asupan selenium dan tiga variabel perancu yaitu usia, indeks massa tubuh, dan asupan beta karoten hanya mempengaruhi kadar karbonil plasma sebanyak 3,7%. Diskusi: Hasil asupan selenium pada penelitian ini jauh lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Makanan sumber selenium banyak berasal dari makanan berprotein yang dikonsumsi sehari-hari sehingga data asupan selenium didapat dari gabungan antara food recall 2 x 24 jam dan SQ-FFQ. Pemeriksaan status kognitif subjek juga perlu dilakukan untuk memastikan ada tidaknya gangguan kognitif. Pemeriksaan status antioksidan endogen lain seperti glutation (GSH) juga perlu dilakukan pada penelitian berikutnya untuk mengetahui faktor lain yang mempengaruhi aktivitas glutation peroksidase dalam menekan kerusakan oksidatif pada usia lanjut.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Oxidative stress contributed in aging process and several degenerative diseases. Maintaining the body's antioxidants status were important to prevent oxidative stress. Selenium was an important trace element due to as a component of antioxidants enzymes (selenoproteins), including glutathione peroxidase for protection against free radical. We aimed to study the association between selenium intake and glutathione peroxidase activity with plasma carbonyl in elderly. Methods: Cross sectional study was held in 5 elderly communities in south Jakarta. Identity and chronic disease history were obtained from interview and Physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE) questionnaire used for assess physical activity. Weight and knee height measurement used to determine body mass index. Dietary intake data obtained from repeated 24 hours recall and Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). laboratory examination held in laboratory of biochemistry FKUI for assess glutathione peroxidase activity and plasma carbonyl level. Results: There were 94 elderly with mean of age 70.34 ± 6.079 years old contributed to this study. 40 % subjects had normal nutritional status and 69.1 % subject had history of chronic disease. There were 75.5 % subject had low intake of selenium. Mean of plasma carbonyl was 5.83 ±1.95 nmol/ml and 69.1% subject had low glutathione peroxidase activity. Statistical analysis results showed there were no significant correlation between selenium intake and glutathione peroxidase. In multivariate analysis selenium intake, age, body mass index, and beta-carotene intake explained 3,7% of the plasma carbonyl. Discussion: The result of selenium intake in current study much lower than previous study. Dietary selenium data obtained from repeated 24 hours recall combine with FFQ-SQ because the selenium food source similar with protein foods that consume daily. Assessment of cognitive function among subject needed for ensure cognitive status related to ability to remember dietary intake. Status of endogen antioxidant including glutathione (GSH) need to be considered for understanding about another factor that influence glutathione peroxidase in preventing oxidative stress."

"Latar belakang: Puasa sudah terbukti meningkatkan aktivtias enzim katalase pada berbagai jaringan tikus. Namun, belum diketahui jenis puasa yang paling berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas enzim katalase. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh puasa dan jenis puasa yang paling berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas enzim katalase pada plasma dan jaringan hati kelinci new zealand white yang merupakan hewan berderajat lebih tinggi daripada tikus.Metode: Kelinci new zealand white dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok perlakuan berbeda, yaitu (1) mendapat asupan makan dan minum (kelompok kontrol), (2) intermittent fasting, yaitu fase puasa selama 16 jam lalu diselingi fase tidak puasa selama 8 jam, selama 7 hari, (3) prolonged fasting, yaitu fase puasa selama 40 jam lalu diselingi fase tidak puasa selama 8 jam, selama 7 hari. Kemudian dilakukan pengukuran aktivitas enzim katalase pada plasma dan jaringan hati, yaitu hasil bagi kadar enzim katalase dengan protein.Hasil: Pada jaringan hati, rerata aktivitas enzim katalase kelompok kontrol sebesar 156,23 ± 10,59 U/mg, kelompok intermittent fasting 181,42 ± 7,48 U/mg, kelompok prolonged fasting 159,38 ± 11,40 U/mg yang menunjukan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p>0,05). Pada plasma, rerata aktivitas enzim katalase kelompok kontrol sebesar 9,73 ± 4,19 U/mg, kelompok intermittent fasting 7,47 ± 4,22 U/mg, kelompok prolonged fasting 7,15 ± 2,69 U/mg yang menunjukan perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p>0,05)Kesimpulan: Intermittent fasting dan prolonged fasting selama 7 hari tidak mempengaruhi aktivitas enzim katalase pada plasma dan jaringan hati kelinci new zraland white.

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Introduction: Fasting has been known to increase catalase activity in various mouse’s tissues. However, the types of fasting which mostly affect catalase activity remains unknown. This study showed the impact of various types of fasting toward catalase activity in the plasma and liver of new zealand white rabbit which level is higher than mouse.

Method: The new zealand white rabbits are divided to 3 different treatment group, (1) received food and drinks (control group), (2) intermittent fasting, 16 hours fasting phase then interluded with 8 hours not fasting phase, for 7 days, (3) prolonged fasting, 40 hours fasting phase then interluded with 8 hours not fasting phase, for 7 days. Specific catalase activity in the liver and plasma were obtained by dividing catalase level with protein level.

Result: In liver, the means of specific catalase activity in control group is 156,23 ± 10,59 U/mg, intermittent fasting group is 181,42 ± 7,48 U/mg, prolonged fasting group is 159,38 ± 11,40 U/mg which show unsignificant difference (p>0,05). In plasma, the means of specific catalase activity in control group is 9,73 ± 4,19 U/mg, intermittent fasting group is 7,47 ± 4,22 U/mg, prolonged fasting group is 7,15 ± 2,69 U/mg which show unsignificant difference (p>0,05).

Conclusion: Intermittent fasting and prolonged fasting for 7 days doesn’t affect specific catalase activity in plasma and liver new zealand white rabbit."

"Hipertensi adalah penyakit degeneratif yang salah satu faktor penyebabnya adalah penuaan. Penuaan dapat dipicu oleh stres oksidatif, yang mana merupakan ketidakseimbangan antara antioksidan dan RONS (reactive oxygen-nitrogen species). Antioksidan di dalam tubuh ada banyak, salah satunya adalah enzim katalase. Enzim katalase berperan dalam mengubah hidrogen peroksida menjadi air. Sebelumnya, belum diketahui hubungan antara enzim katalase dengan penyakit degeneratif, dalam hal ini adalah hipertensi. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 94 sampel. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode cross-sectional. Data yang dibutuhkan adalah tekanan darah dan aktivitas enzim katalase eritrosit. Aktivitas enzim katalase didapatkan dari lisat eritrosit sampel dengan bantuan spektrofotometer yang mana perhitungan absorbansinya dilakukan pada panjang gelombang 210 nm. Keseluruhan data kemudian dianalisis korelasinya menggunakan Uji Korelasi Pearson karena distribusi keseluruhan data normal. Uji T-test juga dilakukan untuk melihat ada atau tidaknya perbedaan antara nilai mean dari data aktivitas enzim katalase kelompok sampel hipertensi dan normotensi. Tidak ada korelasi antara aktivitas enzim katalase dengan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik populasi lansia secara keseluruhan (p>0,05). Akan tetapi, ditemukan korelasi lemah pada hubungan antara aktivitas enzim katalase dengan tekanan darah sistolik kelompok populasi normotensi, juga antara aktivitas enzim katalase dengan tekanan darah diastolik kelompok populasi hipertensi (p<0,05). Hasil uji T-test menunjukkan tidak adanya perbedaan signifikan antara nilai mean dari data aktivitas enzim katalase kelompok hipertensi dan normotensi (p>0,05). Aktivitas enzim katalase eritrosit berkorelasi lemah dengan tekanan darah sistolik pada kelompok populasi lansia dengan normotensi, juga dengan tekanan darah diastolik pada kelompok populasi lansia dengan hipertensi.

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Hypertension is a degenerative disease which one of the causes being aging. Aging can be triggered by oxidative stress, which is an imbalance between antioxidants and RONS (reactive oxygen-nitrogen species). There are many antioxidants in the body, one of which is the enzyme catalase. Catalase enzyme plays a role in converting hydrogen peroxide into water. Previously, there was no known relationship between the catalase enzyme and degenerative diseases, in this case hypertension. The sample used is 94 samples. The research was carried out using a cross-sectional method. The data needed are blood pressure and erythrocyte catalase enzyme activity. The activity of the catalase enzyme was obtained from the sample erythrocyte lysate with the help of a spectrophotometer where the absorbance calculation was carried out at a wavelength of 210 nm. The entire data was then analyzed for correlation using the Pearson Correlation Test because the overall data distribution was normal. T-test was also performed to see whether or not there was a difference between the mean values of the catalase enzyme activity data for the hypertensive and normotensive groups. There was no correlation between catalase enzyme activity and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the elderly population as a whole (p>0.05). However, a weak correlation was found in the relationship between catalase enzyme activity and systolic blood pressure in the normotensive population group, as well as between catalase enzyme activity and diastolic blood pressure in the hypertensive population group (p<0.05). The results of the T-test showed that there was no significant difference between the mean values of the catalase enzyme activity data in the hypertension and normotensive groups (p>0.05). The activity of the erythrocyte catalase enzyme was weakly correlated with systolic blood pressure in the normotensive elderly population group, as well as with diastolic blood pressure in the elderly population group with hypertension."

"Mengetahui pcngaruh pemberian kombinasi suplementasi vitamin E dan C terhadap peroksidasi lipid pada usila dengan hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian uji klinis paralel, tertutup timggai, alokasi acak, untuk membandingkan kadar malondialdehida usila 2,60 tahun dengan hiperkolesterolemia yang mendapatkan kombinasi supiementasi vitamin E 400 IU dan vitamin C 500 mg, masing~masing sebutir sehari selama 45 hari dengan kelompok yang mendapat vitamin E 400 IU dan plascbo.Terdapat 42 subyek penelitian yang berasal dari Yayasan Kebagusan, Yayasan Yasni, dan Yayasan Yakin, Pasar Minggu Jakarta Selatan yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok masing-masing berjumlah 21 orang. Data yang diambil adalah : data dcmograti, antropometzi, data asupan makanan pada minggu pertama, ketiga dan ketujuh, kadar kolesterol LDL dan MDA plasma sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji t-tidak bezpasangan bila distribusi nonnal dan uji Manmwhimey bila distribusi tidak normal dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0.05. Sebanyak 20 subyek penelitian dad masing-masing kelompok yang dapat mengikuti penelitian sampai sclesai. Sebelum perlakuan, nilai median kadar kolesterol LDL kelompolc vitamin E+plasebo dan vitamin E+C masing- masing adalah I46.50(l30-190) mg/dL dan 146.50(l3I-196) mg/dL. Setelah 45 hari perlakuan, rerata kadar kolesterol LDL kelompok vitamin E4-plasebo (151.9.+:2.2.l mg/dl.) meningkat sedangkan kelompok vitamin B+-C (l46.8i28.21 mg/dL) menurun. Sebelum p¢rIakuan, nilai median kadar MDA plasma kelornpok vitamin E+plasebo dan rerata kadar MDA plasma kelompok vitamin E4-C masing-masing adalah 2.63(l.92-4.42) nmol/ml., dan 3.03:l:0.62 nmol/mL. Setelah 45 haii pcrlakuan rerata kadar MDA plasma kedua keiompok menunm menjadi 2.30i0.67 nmol/mL (p<0.01) pada kelompok vitamin E+plasebo dan 28810.88 nmol/mL (p=0.36) untuk kelompok vitamin E+C. Penurunan kadar MDA plasma kelompok vitamin E+plasebo lcbih besar (-0.5:!:0.55 nmol/mL) daripada kelompok vitamin E+C (-0.28(l.31-1.63) nmol/mL), tetapi dcngan uji statislik terhadap kedua nilai tersebut, tidalc berbeda bcrma!ma(p=0.09). Pembenan kombinasi vitamin E dan vitamin C pada usila dengan hiperkolesternlemia tidak dapat rnenurunkan kadar MDA plasma lcbih besar dibandingl-can dengan hanya pemberian vitamin E.

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This parallel, single blind, randomization clinical trial purpose was to compare plasma malondyaldehydc level in hypercholesterolemic elderly aged more than 60 years old. Forty two people from Yayasan Kebagusan, Yayasan Yasni and Yayasan Yakin, Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta which participated the study, were divided into two groups. Twenty one elderly were supplemented with 400 IU vitamin E and 500 mg vitamin C for 45 consecutive days, while the other group was supplemented with 400 IU vitamin E and placebo. The data of demographic, anthropometric, food intake in the first, third and seventh weeks, plasma LDL and MDA levels before and alter period were taken. Statistical analyzes was performed by SPSS 11.5.

Twenty people for each group had followed the study until the end of period. Before study, LDL cholesterol median for vitamin E + placebo group and vitamin E+C group were 146.50(l30-190) mg/dL and l46.50( 130-190) mg/dL respectively. Alter 45 of days treatment, there was an increase in mean LDL cholesterol in vitamin E + placebo group 15l.9i22.1 mg/dL while in vitamin E+C group was decreased to l46.8:l:28.2l mg/dl Before study, plasma MDA level in vitamin E + placebo group and vitamin E+C group were 2.63(l.92-4.42) and 3.031052 nmol/mL, respectively. After 45 days, mean MDA plasma in vitamin E + placebo group was 2.30i0.67 nmol/mL (p<0.01) and was 2.881088 nmol/ml.. (p=0.36) in vitamin E+C group. The decreased on plasma MDA levels in vitamin E+placebo group was higher (-0,510.55 nmol/mL) than vitamin E+C (-0.28(1.3l-1.63) nmol/mL), but statistical test showed not significant different between both group (p=0.09). Combined supplementation vitamin E and vitamin C in hypercholesterolemic elderly couldnot decrease plasma MDA higher than supplementation of vitamin E alone."

"ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Sambiloto atau Andrographis panniculata merupakan sebuahtanaman herbal yang memiliki khasiat sebagai antimalaria dengan carameningkatkan kerja antioksidan dalam tubuh. Hati merupakan salah satu tempatterjadinya fase perkembangan Plasmodium pada penyakit malaria. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antimalaria dari Ekstrak Etanol Sambiloto(EES) pada mencit yang diiinfeksi Plasmodium berghei secara in vivo melalupengukuran kadar MDA dan aktivitas spesifik katalase jaringan hati.Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimental in vivomenggunakan hewan coba mencit Balb/c. Metode penelitian dilakukan denganmengelompokkan mencit ke dalam empat kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol yangtidak diberi perlakuan, kelompok I yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei tetapitidak diterapi, kelompok II yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei dan diberi EES 2mg/kgBB serta kelompok III yang diinduksi Plasmodium berghei dan diberiklorokuin 10 mg/kgBB selama 3 hari. Analisis kadar MDA dilakukan denganmetode Wills dan aktivitas spesifik katalase dengan metode Mates et al.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadi penurunan kadar MDA yang tidaksignifikan pada mencit yang diinfeksi dengan Plasmodium berghei dan diberiekstrak etanol sambiloto (EES) 2 mg/kgBB dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif(66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g jaringan hati). Namun pada kelompokyang diberi perlakuan klorokuin juga terlihat penurunan kadar MDA yang tidaksignifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69nmol/g jaringan hati). Sedangkan aktivitas spesifik katalase kelompok yang diberiEES menunjukkan peningkatan yang tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkandengan kelompok kontrol (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg jaringan hati).Begitupula dengan klorokuin yang menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas spesifikkatalase yang tidak berbeda bermakna dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol(2,97 ± 1,53 vs 3,73 ± 1.56).Kesimpulan: Pada kelompok dengan pemberian EES 2 mg/kgBB terjadipenurunan kadar MDA serta peningkatan aktivitas spesifik katalase jaringan hatimencit dibandingkan dengan kelompok negatif, tetapi secara statistik tidakbermakna demikian pula dengan kelompok yang diberi klorokuin.

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Andrographis panniculata or Sambiloto is a herbal plant that hasantimalarial efficacy by increasing antioxidant in body. Liver is one of the placesfor Plasmodium to develop themselves in malaria. This research aims to analyzethe activity of antimalarial from Sambiloto Ethanol Extract (SEE) in mice whichinfected by Plasmodium berghei in vivo through the measurement of MDA leveland the specific activity of catalase in liver tissue.Method: We used experimental in vivo as the reserach design, using balb/c. Theresearch design is done by grouping the mices into four groups which of theuntreated group, group I-induced by Plasmodium berghei but not treated, groupII-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight,group III-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine with 10mg/kg Body weight in three days. The MDA level analyze is done by the Willsmethod and the specific activity of catalase with Mates et al method.Result: The research result showed the decrease of MDA level which notsignificant in mice that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated by SEE 2mg/ kg BW compared to negative control (66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/gliver tissue). However, group that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treatedby chloroquine also showed the decrease of MDA level which not significantcompared the negative control (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g liver tissue).Instead, group which treated by SEE showed the increase in specific activity ofcatalase compared with control (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Similarly with chloroquine group which showed an increase in specific activity ofcatalase were not significantly different compared with the control group (2.97 ±1.53 vs 3.73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Conclusion: Group that treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight showed decreaseof MDA level and also the increase of catalase specific activity in mice liver tissuecompared negative control, but statistically not significant as well as the groupgiven chloroquine;Introduction: Andrographis panniculata or Sambiloto is a herbal plant that hasantimalarial efficacy by increasing antioxidant in body. Liver is one of the placesfor Plasmodium to develop themselves in malaria. This research aims to analyzethe activity of antimalarial from Sambiloto Ethanol Extract (SEE) in mice whichinfected by Plasmodium berghei in vivo through the measurement of MDA leveland the specific activity of catalase in liver tissue.Method: We used experimental in vivo as the reserach design, using balb/c. Theresearch design is done by grouping the mices into four groups which of theuntreated group, group I-induced by Plasmodium berghei but not treated, groupII-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight,group III-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine with 10mg/kg Body weight in three days. The MDA level analyze is done by the Willsmethod and the specific activity of catalase with Mates et al method.Result: The research result showed the decrease of MDA level which notsignificant in mice that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated by SEE 2mg/ kg BW compared to negative control (66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/gliver tissue). However, group that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treatedby chloroquine also showed the decrease of MDA level which not significantcompared the negative control (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g liver tissue).Instead, group which treated by SEE showed the increase in specific activity ofcatalase compared with control (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Similarly with chloroquine group which showed an increase in specific activity ofcatalase were not significantly different compared with the control group (2.97 ±1.53 vs 3.73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Conclusion: Group that treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight showed decreaseof MDA level and also the increase of catalase specific activity in mice liver tissuecompared negative control, but statistically not significant as well as the groupgiven chloroquine;Introduction: Andrographis panniculata or Sambiloto is a herbal plant that hasantimalarial efficacy by increasing antioxidant in body. Liver is one of the placesfor Plasmodium to develop themselves in malaria. This research aims to analyzethe activity of antimalarial from Sambiloto Ethanol Extract (SEE) in mice whichinfected by Plasmodium berghei in vivo through the measurement of MDA leveland the specific activity of catalase in liver tissue.Method: We used experimental in vivo as the reserach design, using balb/c. Theresearch design is done by grouping the mices into four groups which of theuntreated group, group I-induced by Plasmodium berghei but not treated, groupII-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight,group III-induced Plasmodium berghei and treated with chloroquine with 10mg/kg Body weight in three days. The MDA level analyze is done by the Willsmethod and the specific activity of catalase with Mates et al method.Result: The research result showed the decrease of MDA level which notsignificant in mice that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treated by SEE 2mg/ kg BW compared to negative control (66.49 ± 22,92 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/gliver tissue). However, group that is infected by Plasmodium berghei and treatedby chloroquine also showed the decrease of MDA level which not significantcompared the negative control (67.49 ± 7,04 vs 69.40 ± 11,69 nmol/g liver tissue).Instead, group which treated by SEE showed the increase in specific activity ofcatalase compared with control (2,73 ± 0,59 vs 3,73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Similarly with chloroquine group which showed an increase in specific activity ofcatalase were not significantly different compared with the control group (2.97 ±1.53 vs 3.73 ± 1.56 Unit/mg liver tissue).Conclusion: Group that treated with SEE 2 mg/kg Body weight showed decreaseof MDA level and also the increase of catalase specific activity in mice liver tissuecompared negative control, but statistically not significant as well as the groupgiven chloroquine"

"Latar Belakang: Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan efek dari pemberian Oksigen Hiperbarik (OHB) sesi tunggal, terhadap kadar plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA) pada perawat yang mengalami kelelahan di RS. X. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah randomized double-blinded controlled trial pada 30 orang perawat RS X yang terdefinisi mengalami kelelahan berdasarkan kuesioner JIFRC (Japan Industrial Fatigue Research Committee). Subyek dirandomisasi, dibagi menjadi 15 orang di kelompok kontrol (menghirup udara biasa pada tekanan 1 ATA) dan 15 orang di kelompok intervensi (menghirup oksigen hiperbarik, pada tekanan 2,4 ATA, menghirup O2 100% selama 3 x 30 menit, dengan interval udara biasa selama 5 menit). Sampel darah untuk menentukan kadar plasma MDA, diambil sebelum dan 1 jam setelah perlakuan, dengan metode TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances). Hasil: Nilai rerata kadar MDA sebelum perlakuan dan sesudah perlakuan, 3,42 ± 1,05 nmol/mL dan 3,63 ± 1,34 nmol/mL (p=0,623), sedangkan pada kelompok intervensi, berturut-turut, 3,50 ± 1,12 nmol/mL dan 3,50 ± 1,24 nmol/mL (p=0,990). Nilai rerata Δ MDA (selisih individual nilai MDA sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan), antara kelompok kontrol dan intervensi, berturut-turut, 0,08 ± 1,05 nmol/mL dan - 0,13 ± 1,77 nmol/mL (p=0,692). Kesimpulan: Walaupun tidak terdapat hasil bermakna pada penelitian ini, namun dapat kami temui adanya kecenderungan penurunan kadar MDA pada kelompok intervensi yang dibandingkan dengan kecenderungan kenaikan kadar MDA pada kelompok kontrol.

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Background: This study aimed to determine the effect of HBO single session on Malondialdehyde (MDA) plasma level for nurses with fatigue at Hospital X. Methods: This study is a randomized double-blinded controlled trial, on 30 fatigue nurses from Hospital X in Jakarta, defined by JIFRC (Japan Industrial Fatigue Research Committee) Questionnaire. Subjects randomized into 15 nurses in each group (control vs intervention). Control group was given atmospheric air (21% O2) under 1 ATA pressure, while intervention group was given 100% oxygen, for 3 x 30 minutes, under 2.4 ATA pressure, with 5 minutes interval-break inhaling compressed air (21% O2) in between. Blood sample for determining MDA plasma level, were sampled before- and 1 hour aftertreatment, using TBARS (Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) method. Results: MDA plasma levels before- and after-treatment in control’s group, were consecutively, 3.42 ± 1.05 nmol/mL and 3.63 ± 1.34 nmol/mL (p=0,623), while in the intervention’s group, respectively, were 3.50 ± 1.12 nmol/mL and 3.50 ± 1.24 nmol/mL (p=0,990). Δ MDA (individual MDA value differences between after and before treatment) means, in control’s and intervention’s group was compared, subsequently they were 0,08 ± 1,05 nmol/mL and - 0,13 ± 1,77 nmol/mL (p=0,692). Conclusions: Even though, there is no significant differences, between the two groups in MDA plasma level, there is propensity of MDA plasma level decrease in intervention group, compared with raising MDA plasma level in the control group."

"Keadaan hipoksia dapat membuat sel melakukan adaptasi melalui ekspresi berbagai macam gen. Banyak gen tersebut adalah gen yang diinduksi oleh suatu faktor transkripsi yang disebut HIF-I HlF-la adalah subunit yang diregulasi oleh kadar oksigen untuk aktifitas faktor transkripsi tersebut.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pola mRNA HIF 1u dan ekspresi protein HIF-ln pada organ ginjal dari tikus yang mengalami kondisi hipoksia secara sistemik yang terbagi menjadi 5 kelompok berdasarkan lamanya perlakuan (kelompok kontrol, hipoksia 13, 7 dan 14 hari masing-masing 6 ekor tikus) menggunakan Hypoxic Chamber dengan kadar 02 8% dan Nitrogen 92%. Pola mRNA HIF-la dilihat berdasarkan basil RT-PCR dengan membandingksn rasio kelompok nonnoksia dan kelompok hipoksia. Ekspresi protein HIF-1a dilakukan dengan metode Western Blot dengan menggunakan anti HIF-la sebagai antibodi primer.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat penurunan ekspresi mRNA HIF-la dibandingkan kontrol pada kelompok hipoksia 1 hari dan diikuti peningkatan pada kelompok hipoksia 3 hari dan mulai mengalami penurunan kembali pada kelompok 7 hari. Sementara protein HIF-la. memperlihatkan terdapatnya peningkatan ekspresi protein HIF-la yang mulai mengalami penurunan pada kelompok hipoksia 14 hari. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa regulasi H1F-1a terjadi pada tahap transkripsi dan tahap pasca translasi.

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Hypoxia could make cell to adapt trough gene expression. Many of these gene induced by the transcription factor called HIP-1. HIF-I tz is the subunit which regulated by oxygen level to activated the transcription factor.

The aim of this study is to know the pattern of Hypoxia Inducible Factor-Ia (HIP-la) mRNA and HIF-Ia protein Expression of Renal Rat in Systemic Chronic Hypoxia which divided to 5 groups based on the duration of hypoxia (control, I, 3, 7, and I4 days of hypoxia with 6 rats each group ) using hypoxia chamber with 8% oxigen and 92% Nitrogen. The pattern was measure with RT-PCR which combine the ratio of control group and the hypoxic group. The protein expression measure with Western Blot method using anti HIF-l a as 1? antibody.

The result shows that HIP-lo. mRNA expression decrease in 1" day of hypoxia, elevated and reach a peak at 3 days of hypoxia and start to decrease since then. While the HIP-lo. protein shows an increase expression until I4 days of hypoxia which start to decrease. It can be concluded that HIF-la regulation occurs in transcription level and post translation."

"Peningkatan jumlah lanjut usia di Indonesia sering diiringi dengan peningkatan gangguan kognitif. Leptin diketahui memiliki fungsi protektif terhadap fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia, namun hingga saat ini hasil temuan peran leptin pada fungsi kognitif masih beragam, dan belum banyak dibahas di Indonesia. Selain itu peneliti melakukan analisis tambahan menggunakan Food Record dan penilaian antropometri pada subjek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kadar plasma leptin dengan fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia di Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupkan penelitian analitik deskriptif potong lintang yang menggunakan purposive sampling sebagai metode pengambilan sampel. Subjek merupakan lanjut usia yang bertempat tinggal di Panti Sosial yang kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan fungsi kognitif menggunakan instrumen MoCA-INA, kuesioner IADL, GPAQ, Food Record, plasma leptin, komposisi tubuh serta antropometri, yang dianalisis secara univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil dari penelitian, karakteristik subjek berusia 60-74 tahun, dengan mayoritas jenis kelamin wanita (69,1%), dengan status gizi normal (45,5%), massa lemak berkisar antara 18,10-57,10 %, massa otot berkisar antara 20,20-57,50 kg. Mayoritas tidak merokok, tingkat pendidikan rendah (≤ 12 tahun wajib belajar), aktifitas fisik sedang dengan keseluruhan kapasitas fungsional subjek mandiri. Sebesar (96,4%) lanjut usia mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif, kadar leptin plasma memiliki nilai terendah 1,4 ng/mL, tertinggi 119,48 ng/m dengan median 6,2 ng/mL. Pada analisis bivariat ditemukan kadar leptin, IMT (Indeks Massa Tubuh), massa lemak, pendidikan, dan IADL memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia di Jakarta. Korelasi kadar leptin plasma dengan fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia di Jakarta memiliki korelasi positif sedang dengan nilai r 0,52 dan signifikansi 0,000.

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The increasing of elderly population often accompanied by a rise in cognitive disorders. Leptin is known to have a protective function against cognitive decline in elderly. However, current finding regarding the role of leptin in cognitive function is vary, and has not been extensively discussed in Indonesia. Food record and anthropometric assessment is conducted as an additional analyses on subject. Aim of this study is to determine the relationship between plasma leptin levels and cognitive function in the elderly in Jakarta. This is a cross sectional descriptive analytical research using purposive sampling as the sampling method. Subject are elderly residing in social welfare home, and being assessed using MOCA-INA instrument, IADL and GPAQ questionnaire, plasma leptin, body composition, anthropometric and Food Record are measured. The data is analysed through univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis. Result of this study are subject characteristic of age ranging from 60-74 years, with female as the majority (67.5%), normal nutritional status (46.2%), body fat ranging from 18.10 to 57.10 %, muscle mass 20.20 to 57.50 kg. Majority of subject do not smoke, have a low education level (≤ 12 year of education), engage in moderate physical activity, and having independent functional capacity. A total of 96.2% of the subject experience cognitive impairment. Plasma leptin levels ranging from 1.4 to 8.5 ng/mL, with median of 5.9 ng/mL. There is a significant relationship between leptin levels, body mass index, body weight, total body fat, education and IADL with cognitive function in the elderly in Jakarta. The correlation between plasma leptin levels and cognitive function in the elderly in Jakarta, shows a moderately positive correlation with r value of 0.47 and a significance of 0.000."

"Sindrom ovarium polikistik (SOPK) merupakan kelainan yang ditandai oleh hiperandrogenemia, ovarium disfungsi, dan polikistik ovarium yang dapat menyebabkan infertilitas. Meski etiologi pastinya belum diketahui, obesitas merupakan ciri khas umum pada SOPK di mana sekitar 40--80% wanita SOPK meningkatkan obesitas. Kej Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) terkait dengan SOPK melalui peradangan kronik tingkat rendah. Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari ekspresi mRNA gen VDR pada wanita obesitas dan non-obesitas dengan SOPK dan normal. Sampel darah dari 120 subjek dibagi menjadi empat kelompok, yaitu 30 normal non-obesitas (BMI <25), 30 normal non-obesitas (BMI> 25), SOPK non-obesitas (BMI <35), dan 30 SOPK obesitas (BMI> 25) kemudian dianalisis menggunakan kuantitatif Real-Time PCR (qPCR) dengan metode kurva standar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bukti mRNA gen VDR pada subjek obesitas dan SOPK secara signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedua kontrol. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa gen VDR terkait dengan obesitas dan SOPK.

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder characterized by hyperandrogenemia, ovarian dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries that can cause infertility. Although the exact etiology is unknown, obesity is a hallmark common in PCOS where about 40-80% of PCOS increase obesity. Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) is associated with PCOS through low-level chronic inflammation. The aim of the study was to study the expression of VDR gene mRNA on obese and non-obese women with PCOS and normal. Blood samples from 120 subjects were divided into four groups, namely 30 normal non-obese (BMI <25), 30 normal non-obese (BMI> 25), non-obese PCOS (BMI <35), and 30 obese PCOS(BMI> 25) was then analyzed using quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) with the standard curve method. The results showed evidence of VDR gene mRNA in obese and PCOS subjects was significantly higher than the two controls. These results indicate that the VDR gene is associated with obesity and PCOS."